北京市典型社区居住环境评价研究

在北京建设国际一流和谐宜居之都的进程中,如何营造良好的社区居住环境是一个重要问题。本文通过数据分析和现场调研相结合的方式来进行社区居住环境情况分析,从而为社区的环境评价提供适合的评价指数。通过确定北京市居住环境评价指标,并对典型老旧小区甘家口小区和新建小区国风北京小区在居民生活、居民交往、社区环境三个方面进行分析,最终找出北京市社区环境存在的问题,并针对老旧小区和新建小区的居住环境改善提出有效建议。     

Could CoRoT-7b and Kepler-10b be remnants of evaporated gas or ice giants?

We present thermal mass loss calculations over evolutionary time scales for the investigation if the smallest transiting rocky exoplanets CoRoT-7b (∼1.68R_Earth) and Kepler-10b (∼1.416R_Earth) could be remnants of an initially more massive hydrogen-rich gas giant or a hot Neptune-class exoplanet. We apply a thermal mass loss formula which yields results that are comparable to hydrodynamic loss models. Our approach considers the effect of the Roche lobe, realistic heating efficiencies and a radius scaling law derived from observations of hot Jupiters. We study the influence of the mean planetary density on the thermal mass loss by placing hypothetical exoplanets with the characteristics of Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus to the orbital location of CoRoT-7b at 0.017 AU and Kepler-10b at 0.01684 AU and assuming that these planets orbit a K- or G-type host star. Our findings indicate that hydrogen-rich gas giants within the mass domain of Saturn or Jupiter cannot thermally lose such an amount of mass that CoRoT-7b and Kepler-10b would result in a rocky residue. Moreover, our calculations show that the present time mass of both rocky exoplanets can be neither a result of evaporation of a hydrogen envelope of a “Hot Neptune” nor a “Hot Uranus”-class object. Depending on the initial density and mass, these planets most likely were always rocky planets which could lose a thin hydrogen envelope, but not cores of thermally evaporated initially much more massive and larger objects.     

Transport of three herbicides in ground water at Twin Lake test site,Chalk River,Ontario, Canada

A field tracer test performed under natural flow conditions at the Twin Lake test site, Chalk River Laboratories of the Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. in Chalk River, Ontario, Canada, using tritium and three herbicides (Chlortoluron, Terbuthylazine, and Pendimethalin) was interpreted using the dispersion equation with a combined reaction model. The reaction model couples an instantaneous equilibrium reaction governed by a linear adsorption isotherm with a reversible or irreversible kinetic reaction of the first order, and decay. An improved interpretation method consists of a simultaneous fitting of theoretical concentration and mass-recovery curves to the experimental data, which leads to a more reliable determining of reaction models and improves the accuracy of fitting. Tritium served as the reference tracer to determine the flow velocity, dispersivity, and the recovery of the herbicides. Chlortoluron was slightly delayed by equilibrium exchange with strongly reduced concentration due to an irreversible kinetic reaction and/or decay. Terbuthilazine was slightly delayed by equilibrium exchange, with strongly reduced concentration due to a reversible kinetic reaction with some influence of decay. A strong equilibrium reaction and a strong reversible kinetic reaction without degradation governed the transport of Pendimethalin, reducing considerably its concentration. The results obtained show that simulations based only on Kd and decay constant, especially if these parameters are found in the laboratory, may considerably differ from those performed with reaction parameters determined in properly performed field tests. The dominant reaction types, and the values of parameters found in the study, supply useful information on the transport of the investigated herbicides in sandy aquifers under natural flow conditions.     

~(210)Pb chronology and trace metal geochemistry at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico, as evidenced by a sedimentary record from the Lago Verde crater lake

Lago Verde is a fresh water maar found in the San Martin volcano, at the Sierra of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico, currently the northernmost remnant of the tropical rain forest in America. A sediment core from Lago Verde was analyzed for 210Pb and 137Cs in order to…     

在地震力作用下高架桥梁上轨道车辆的动态分析与安全性研究

本文将轨道车辆系统仿真成由车厢、转向架及轮轴所组成。车厢与转向架间有次悬吊系统,转向架与轮轴间则有主悬吊系统。数学模型的推导将考虑车辆横向、垂向、翻滚及摇摆方向的运动,将车辆仿真成三维具16个自由度的系统。本研究将探讨行驶高架桥梁的轨道车辆受地震激振时的响应和安全性,结果显示,移轨力及脱轨系数会随着地表加速度的增加而增加,而轨道不平整度及速度参数对脱轨系数及移轨力的影响不大。     

作为应急反应决策支持系统的实时损失估计:早期震后破坏评估工具(EPEDAT)

北岭地震时,许多新的技术,包括震源数据的实时获取、改进后的损失估计技术、地理信息系统以及不同的卫星监测系统,已经出现或被考虑作为应急管理的资源。然而,这些技术在减轻地震灾害、地震应急反应和震后恢复方面的潜在益处大多是概念性的。从1994年1月17日地震中得到的主要经验之一,就是这些技术为了解和应对重大灾害可提供显著的便利条件,并且这些技术结合起来会贡献出更大的显著效益。北岭地震之后的两年半时间内,在将相对独立的技术结合成一个系统方面迈出了重要一步,该系统对区域性破坏、损失和人口影响提供实时估计.本文将阐述应急服务组织使用的第一个实时损失估计系统的研制、运行和应用情况。     

佛子冲含银铅锌矿床银的赋存状态及分布规律的研究

佛子冲中温热液型含银铅锌矿床银主要来源于燕山期岩浆，部分来源于围岩。矿床的形成明显受岩浆、构造和围岩性质的控制；铅锌矿床中的伴生银含量为３５×１０￣（－６）—５９×１０￣（－６），具有综合利用价值；矿石中的银以均匀分散态存在，少量以显微的独立银矿物形式存在，主要富集于方钻矿中；矿石中银矿物的出现和富集与矿石的结构构造和方铅矿含银量高低有关；银在矿床空间上具有明显的正向分布规律。