Sedimentary Features and Sea-Level Changes Reflected in Drill Holes in the Zhuhai Area

Experimental examinations and analyses have been made of the sediments from drill holes in the Zhuhai area, Guangdong Province. The studies show that there occurred four transgressions in this area over the historical times. The first transgression occurred at 7500 a B.P., with the maxium sea level up to about 1 m above the present level. The second transgression occurred at 5750 a B.P., with the sea level possibly 4 m higher than the present. The third and fourth transgressions took place at 4650 a B.P. and 2600 a B.P. respectively, which lasted for a long time with multiple fluctuations. The fifth transgression is in process. It could be predicted that the sea level at Zhuhai would rise by 15-20 cm in the coming 50 years.     

表生钾锰矿物~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年代学及其古气候意义

红土型风化壳和次生锰矿床形成于温暖和潮湿的古气候条件 ,其中含有丰富的表生钾锰矿物。因此 ,对表生钾锰矿物进行精确的40 Ar/ 3 9Ar年龄测定 ,不仅能查明大陆化学风化和矿床次生富集的时间和过程 ,而且可以为区域古气候的反演提供重要的年代学资料。透射电子显微镜、热重分析、离子交换实验和40 Ar/ 3 9Ar同位素分析表明 ,层状结构的黑锌锰矿、锂锰矿和钠水锰矿以及具有 1× 1隧道结构的软锰矿不适合于40 Ar/ 3 9Ar年龄测定 ;而隐钾锰矿、锰钡矿和锰铅矿因具有致密和稳定的 2× 2隧道结构及很强的保存K Ar体系的能力 ,是40 Ar/ 3 9Ar同位素定年的理想对象。硬锰矿和钙锰矿分别具有 2× 3和 3× 3隧道结构 ,由于隧道孔径过大 ,晶体结构的稳定性较差 ,其作为40Ar/ 3 9Ar测年的适用性有待于进一步证实。采用精细的激光阶段加热技术 ,可以有效克服表生钾锰矿物40 Ar/ 3 9Ar测年过程中3 9ArK 的反冲损失、多世代表生钾锰矿物的共生 ,以及表生钾锰矿物中原生矿物的污染和过量大气氩的存在等问题 ,并获得有意义的风化年龄。已有数据表明 ,表生钾锰矿物的形成主要集中在白垩纪末期、始新世末期—渐新世早期、中新世和上新世中期等 4个时期 ,可能记录了地史时期周期性的化学风化及气候的交替演变     

Effects of Biodegradation on the Distribution of Alkylcarbazoles in Crude Oils

We have investigated the distributions of alkylcarbazoles in a series of crude oils with different biodegradation extents, in combination with biomarker parameters, stable carbon isotopic ratios and viscosities. The analyses showed that slight biodegradation has little effect on alkylcarbazoles. The concentrations of C₀-, C₁-, and C₂-carbazoles seem to display a slight decrease with biodegradation through the moderately biodegraded stage, and an abrupt decrease to the heavily biodegraded stage. The relative concentrations of C₀-, C₁-, and C₂-carbazoles do not show any apparent change in the non-heavily biodegraded stages, but through non-heavily biodegraded to heavily biodegraded stages, the percentages of C₀- and C₁-carbazoles decrease, and those of C₂-carbazoles increase significantly, which may indicate that C₂-carbazoles are more resistant to biodegradation than lower homologous species. As to C₂-carbazole isomers, the relative concentrations of the pyrrolic N-H-shielded, pyrrolic N−H partially shielded and pyrrolic N-H-exposed isomers do not show any obvious variation in the non-heavily biodegraded oil, but there is an abrupt change through the mid-biodegraded stage to the heavily biodegraded stage. This project was financially supported by the Youth Knowledge-Innovation Foundation of CNPC (No. 00Z1304).     

海岸横向沙脊表面风沙流结构的野外观测研究

选择中国规模最大、形态最为典型的河北昌黎黄金海岸的横向沙脊,采用野外梯度风速仪和平口式积沙仪对其顶部的风沙流结构进行了观测.观测结果表明,海岸横向沙脊表面的风沙流结构特征基本表现为0～40 cm高程内气流搬运的沙尘物质浓度或质量随高度递减并符合指数分布,20～60 cm高程内符合幂函数分布,40～60 cm高程内输沙量与高度之间则为多项式函数关系.同时,海岸横向沙脊表面的风沙流结构受风速与总输沙量的影响较大,随风速增大或总输沙量的增加,风沙流下层输沙量相对减少、上层则相应增加.     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Paleoproterozoic orthogneisses and granitoids of the Banded Gneissic Complex,central Rajasthan,NW India: Implications for crustal reworking processes

Granitoids and orthogneisses(1.7 Ga) from the northern part of the Banded Gneissic Complex(BGC-II domain), Aravalli Craton(NW India) are geochemically analyzed to understand the geodynamic condition and crustal evolution processes. The samples are metaluminous to peraluminous(molar A/CNK: 0.74±2.12), and characterized by Eu-anomaly ranging from 0.17 to 1.06, Fe₂O₃^T/(Fe₂O₃^T+MgO) from 0.8 to 0.9 and high magmatic zircon saturation t...     

大西洋庸鲽(Hippoglossus hipoglossus L.)精液脂肪酸分析及激素GnRHa诱导对其组成的影响

采用气相色谱检测的方法,进行大西洋庸鲽精液脂肪酸组成分析及激素GnRHa诱导对其组成影响的研究。结果表明,大西洋庸鲽精液中含量最高的脂肪酸种类为22:6n-3(DHA,二十二碳六烯酸),占总脂肪酸比例25.67%±0.94%;其次为16:0(PA,棕榈酸)、20:5n-3(EPA,二十碳五烯酸);重要必需不饱和脂肪酸20:4n-6(AA,花生四烯酸)含量较低,为1.76%±0.01%。精液中高不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量较高,为44.25%±0.30%;饱和脂肪酸(SAT)含量为27.72%±0.22%。重要脂肪酸比例DHA/EPA为2.33±0.26;EPA/AA为6.30±0.51;n-3/n-6为9.22±0.60。激素诱导未对精液中脂肪酸组成产生显著影响。重要必需脂肪酸DHA、EPA、AA,以及n-3、n-6等重要种类的脂肪酸总量在激素诱导组与非诱导对照组样品间无显著差异;在激素诱导后的三个取样时间的样品间也无显著差异(P0.05)。     

区域可持续发展的指标、标准和限制

世界各国包括俄罗斯在内已经出版了大量关于可持续发展的理论研究方面的书籍。但总体而言,在不同结构层次(全球、国家、区域和地方)的可持续发展模型中,区域水平上的模型可能是最复杂和最基础的层次。本文在构建可持续发展模型的框架下,给出了一个区域经济、社会和生态发展的指标体系、标准和限制,并建立了一套评价区域自然资源潜力及其动态变化的方法。首先,对区域层次上达到可持续发展的条件和内容进行分析。其次,给出一个区域经济、社会和生态发展的框架。其中区域发展的经济质量是指其自身资源状况所带来的区域发展能力;区域发展的社会质量是指由区域的人口潜力和社会结构所带来的在一个长时期内稳定的区域人口以及由此提供的高标准生活质量的能力;区域发展的生态质量是指在一个长时期内区域保持其自然资源潜力和高质量环境的能力。区域可持续发展是在一个长时期内(10年)区域高质量的发展,在区域发展质量水平上进行可持续性和平衡性的评价是必要的,为此建立三者之间适当的比例关系。第三,为反映区域间发展的差异,对区域内的经济、社会等进行自然-经济区划以及对每个分区进行相应的指标的计算。这些绝对和相对的可持续发展比率反映了一定时期内实际的状态距离标准值的程度,刻画了区域发展的质量特征。如果这种比率发生变化,或者相对标准值发生动态改变,那么这些比率就可以评估发展的稳定性,以及同时反映了区域发展在质量上的提高或者降低。第四,区域自然资源潜力及其动态变化的评价。第一步是进行局部自然资源分区和把国土自然资源系统作为最复杂的评价对象进行整体考虑。然后对每一个自然资源系统进行动态平衡的计算(这种平衡反映了自然资源的动态和状态)。自然资源潜在的变化可以用实际的或者预测的数据进行计算。     

Swarm Theory, Hydraulic Fracturing, and the Emergence of Natural Spacing within Dyke Swarms

正Like all swarming behavior in Nature,the selforganization expressed by the emergence of a natural spacing among a swarm’s members should be considered its most fundamental characteristic,and grasping the     

A Hydrometeorological Analysis of the Severe Rainstorm of 20-22 September 1900 over the Gangetic West Bengal

A hydrometeorological study is made of the September, 1900 severe rainstorm which led up to the record rainfalls over Gangetic West Bengal with subsequent disastrous flooding in the Damodar and the Hooghly rivers. The spatial extent of the rainstorm for different durations has been examined by constructing the isohyetal patterns based on rainfall records of stations affected by the storm. Areal rainfalls for 1,2 and 3-day periods are calculated and the values have been compared with similar values from other major rainstorms of the region. The comparison revealed that the September, 1900 rainstorm was the heaviest for 1,2 and 3-day durations for all the areas. The storm contributed rainfalls of 33.0 cm, 52.0 cm and 62.0 cm over an area of 10,000 km2 in 1,2 and 3 days respectively. This rainstorm could, therefore, be considered as an important input in flood and design storm studies in the Gangetic West Bengal region. A relationship between point to areal rainfall has also been developed with a view to e