辽河东部凹陷火山岩相测井响应特征及储集意义

在郯庐断裂多期构造活动作用下,辽河坳陷东部凹陷发生了多期火山活动,致使中基性火山岩广泛发育,以玄武岩和粗面岩为主,可分为5相14亚相。以常规测井曲线特征为基础,结合电成像的分析,识别出了爆发相（火山碎屑流和热基浪亚相）、溢流相（玻质碎屑岩、板状熔岩流和复合熔岩流亚相）、侵出相（内带、中带和外带亚相）和火山沉积相（含外碎屑和再搬运火山碎屑沉积亚相）10种岩相/亚相：火山碎屑流亚相具"焊接"特征,热基浪亚相具层理特征;玻质碎屑岩亚相具高CNL的特征,板状熔岩流亚相DEN、CNL和AC测井曲线显示微齿平滑的特征,而复合熔岩流亚相测井曲线呈指状叠加的特征;侵出相内带→中带→外带电阻率逐渐减小;含外碎屑和再搬运火山碎屑沉积亚相GR值范围不同,并且再搬运火山碎屑沉积亚相具水平层理特征。火山岩相控制原生储集空间的类型,并作用于后期的次生改造,从而影响储层的物性、储集性和有效性。复合熔岩流亚相储层孔隙发育,物性好,但由于内部纵向上结构不一致,非均质性强,因而储层含油性差。火山碎屑流亚相内部在纵向上岩性及结构相对一致,因而储层物性相对均一、分布集中,为有利的火山岩储层,可以作为东部凹陷进一步勘探开发的有利相带。     

Ammonium adsorption by tidal flat surface sediments from the Yangtze Estuary

Ammonium adsorption by sediments plays an important role in the cycle of nitrogen in the estuarine tidal flat ecosystem. Ammonium adsorption on tidal flat sediments from the Yangtze estuary was studied using the simulation experiment. The findings indicated that there was linear adsorption by the tidal flat sediments for the lower ammonium concentration (<10 mM) in the overlying waters. The adsorption coefficient of ammonium in the study area ranged from 3.81 to 9.00, and had a significant positive correlation with total organic carbon (r = 0.779, = 0.02284 , n=8), reflecting that organic matter might be one of the main factors controlling the behavior of ammonium adsorption. It also showed that salinity had a pronounced effect on ammonium adsorption, and that salinity affected the distribution of ammonium between the sediments and waters. The amount of ammonium adsorption on sediments gradually decreased with the increasing salinity. Especially within the range of lower salinity, just a little change of salinity had a dramatic influence on ammonium adsorption by sediments.     

Investigations on the extraction of molybdenum and vanadium from ammonia leaching residue of spent catalyst

Extraction of molybdenum and vanadium from ammonia leaching residue (main chemical composition: 2.05% Mo, 0.42% V, 65.6% Al₂O₃ and 10.7% SiO₂) of spent catalyst was investigated by roasting the residue with soda carbonate, followed by hydrometallurgical treatment of the roasted products. In the roasting process, over 91.3% of molybdenum and 90.1% of vanadium could be extracted when a charge containing a sodium carbonate to spent catalyst ratio of 0.15 was roasted at 750 °C for 45 min and the roasted mass was leached with water (liquid to solid ratio of 2) at 80–90 °C for 15 min. After the purification of leach liquor, an extraction solvent consisting of 20 vol.% trialkylamine (N₂₃₅, commercialized in China) and 10 vol.% secondary octyl alcohol (phase modifier) dissolved in sulfonated kerosene was used to extract molybdenum and vanadium in leach liquor. 10 wt.% ammonia water was used as stripping agent. Adding 30 g/l NH₄NO₃ to the stripping solution and adjusting the pH to 7–8.5, over 99% of vanadium can be crystallized as ammonium metavanadate. Over 98% of molybdenum can be crystallized as ammonium polymolybdate when pH is between 1.5 and 2.5 (pH is adjusted by HNO₃). Ammonium metavanadate and ammonium polymolybdate were calcinated at 500–550 °C, the purity of MoO₃ and V₂O₅ was 99.08% and 98.06% respectively. In the whole process, 88.2% of molybdenum and 87.1% of vanadium could be achieved. The proposed roasting, leaching and separation steps give a feasible alternative for the processing of ammonia leaching residue of spent catalyst and can be applied in the comprehensive utilization of low grade molybdenum ores.     

煤岩显微组分的活化能研究

热解反应中活化能（E）与生烃率的关系是煤（干酪根）结构组成的反映，这就如同指纹一样，在成熟度相同的条件下，不同的显微组分其动力特征不同。煤及显微组分化学结构的确定目前地球化学研究领域中的一个难点。利用岩石热解（Rock-Eval）、热解气相色谱（PY－GC）以及开放体系下热模拟方法，对树皮体、镜质体和丝质体不同生烃率所对应的活化能进行测定和计算，在此基础上对上述组分的化学结构进行探讨。结果显示，三种组分的生烃率－活化能关系图以及由此所反映的化学结构明显不同：树皮体热解生烃主要集中在低活化能区，其化学结构相对较为单一，主要由脂族结构组成，芳香结构及杂原子官能团相对较少；镜质体的生烃活化能稍高，其结构比树皮体要复杂些，以烷基苯和甲氧基苯为主；丝质体生烃主要集中在高活化能区，化学结构更为复杂些，除以烷基及甲氧基苯为主外，还含有一定数量的杂原子官能团以及短链脂肪烃。另外，上述三种组分的平均活化能明显不同，其中树皮体的最低，丝质体的最高，镜质体的介于两者中间。因此，生油门限也存在很大差别，在相同的热演经条件下，三者的生烃顺序依次为树皮体→镜质体→丝质体。     

南海北部湾盆地北部凹陷涠洲组层序地层格架及特征

通过地震、测井和岩心等资料及重矿物变化规律的综合分析,识别出沉积基准面旋回产生的层序界面,在北部湾盆地北部凹陷涠洲组划分出 3个超层序 9个三级层序,并研究了各层序发育的特征及沉积体系构成。盆地充填超层序的发育受控于中长周期基准面变化,层序地层单元在中长周期基准面旋回中所处位置不同,其地层厚度、沉积体系的类型和分布均有显著的不同。通过分析对比确认主要控油层序为超层序 1的层序 2和 3,主要储层赋存于低水位和水进体系域。以基准面旋回为基础,论述了层序与油气储盖组合的关系。     

Characterization of Mediterranean magnetotactic bacteria

Magnetotactic bacteria are a diverse group of motile prokaryotes that are ubiquitous in aquatic habitats and cosmopolitan in distribution. In this study, we collected magnetotactic bacteria from the Mediterranean Sea. A remarkable diversity of morphotypes was observed, including multicellular types that seemed to differ from those previously found in North and South America. Another interesting organism was one with magnetosomes arranged in a six-stranded bundle which occupied one third of the cell width. The magnetosome bundle was evident even under optic microscopy. These cells were connected together and swam as a linear entire unit. Magnetosomes did not always align up to form a straight linear chain. A chain composed of rectangle magnetosomes bent at a posi- tion with an oval crystal. High resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis of the crystal at the pivotal position suggested uncompleted formation of the crystal. This is the first report of Mediterranean magnetotactic bacteria, which should be useful for studies of biogeochemical cycling and geohistory of the Mediterranean Sea.     

大连金石滩现代沉积中首次发现宇宙球粒

金石滩是大连地区的国家级风景旅游地,在玫瑰园景点的现代沉积物研究中,首次发现了铁质宇宙球粒,而且含量较多,在2.4 kg(<0.5 mm)的砂样中分离出18个宇宙球粒,其大小介于158～423μm,大多数宇宙球粒的表面具有典型的融熔-分凝构造,按其表面化学成分可分为:Fe质、Si-Al-Fe质、Cr-Fe质和Ti-Fe质等4种;笔者特别对其中的Ti-Fe质宇宙颗粒的成分及矿物演变进行了研究,认为宇宙球粒快速冷凝化学分异可在磁铁矿边缘形成钛磁铁矿;对大连、西藏泽当现代沉积物中、太平洋深海现代沉积物中,以及北京十三陵元古宙沉积岩中的宇宙球粒进行了比较,结果表明它们在化学成分上虽有差别,但在颗粒大小和表面结构上是类似的。     

晚三叠世卡尼期黑色页岩事件在龙门山地区的沉积学和古生物学响应

龙门山前缘地区卡尼阶-诺利阶马鞍塘组中部发育一套薄-中层状黑灰色、灰黑色、黑色（含介壳）钙质泥（页）岩,在该套岩石中瓣鳃类生物多见,原生二价金属硫化物（黄铁矿）发育,水平层理发育,显示着低能环境贫氧条件的典型特征。与马鞍塘组中部黑灰色、灰黑色钙质泥（页）岩相当层位的卡尼期晚期沉积,在松潘-甘孜地区、昌都地区、可可西里地区均可见到,多显示为黑色、灰黑色色调,岩性为泥（页）岩或粉砂质板岩、钙质板岩,反映了一次黑色页岩地质事件在中国西部古特提斯东部地区产生了大范围的影响。全球对比表明,该套深色泥（页）岩在西特提斯、印度喜玛拉雅等地均有分布,覆盖在卡尼期早期碳酸盐沉积之上。据此,作者认为晚三叠世卡尼期特提斯范围的黑色页岩事件,很有可能与卡尼期全球性的碳酸盐生产危机有关,马鞍塘组中部发育的深色泥（页）岩即是此次事件在扬子地台西缘的反映。根据对川西北地区绵竹汉旺、安县雎水、江油马鞍塘等剖面的实际考察与研究,认为代表缺氧事件沉积的马鞍塘组中部黑灰色泥（页）岩之下为卡尼阶灰岩段（即汉旺组中下部灰岩段,主要为鲕粒灰岩、海绵礁灰岩等）,之上为诺利阶灰色粉、细砂岩夹灰岩、泥岩段（相当于石元组）。黑灰色钙质泥（页）岩不仅是该组岩性变化的转折点,亦是古生物、古生态急剧变化的转折点。在马鞍塘组下部广泛可见的六射海绵、海百合、苔藓虫、珊瑚等海相化石在马鞍塘组中上部地层（上卡尼阶至诺利阶底部）中很少看到,仅见丰富的瓣鳃类、菊石、腕足类等有壳类动物化石。
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陕北奥陶纪盐盆厚层钾石盐高矿化段的发现及其找钾启示

位于陕北奥陶纪盐盆东二盐凹东部的钾盐科学勘查井——绥钾1井,揭示了奥陶系马家沟组马五6亚段厚度为118.17 m,其中岩盐厚度累计100.38 m。本次工作将该井马五6亚段划分为4个成盐韵律,并利用示钾微化反应和岩盐样品溴、氯、钾元素分析为主要分析手段对绥钾1井岩盐段的含钾性进行评价,结果表明:该井马五6亚段发育累计厚度达64.7 m的厚层钾石盐高矿化段,发育4套成盐韵律,含钾石盐分布在相对完整的韵律Ⅱ和韵律Ⅲ中大部分的褐红色和褐色石盐中,以韵律Ⅱ含钾性最好,石盐顶部的泥质夹层起到了保护作用;本井整体K+含量在0.08%~1.24%之间,一般在0.1%以上,平均为0.23%,局部井段钾含量接近边界工业品位;Br-含量在90×10-6~400×10-6之间,平均为242×10-6;Br-×103/Cl-(溴氯系数)在0.17~0.98之间,平均为0.45。溴值和溴氯系数绝大部分达到钾石盐-光卤石沉积阶段。利用绥钾1井和盐盆内其他地区9口盐探井的平均钾含量数据编制了陕北奥陶纪盐盆马五6亚段K+含量(%)变化趋势图,该图指示东南部的东二盐凹是研究区较有利的含钾盐凹。绥钾1井马五6亚段厚层钾石盐高矿化段的发现,不仅揭示了该盐盆巨大的找钾前景,也为今后钾盐勘查工作部署指明了方向。     

超高压变质岩物理性质的相关性对建立结晶岩区地球物理解释标尺的意义

大陆科学钻探为认识深部地壳的结构、组成、力学性质和物理状态提供了重要的基础数据。岩石物理性质的测量对于原位测井资料的校正和地表地球物理测量的解释具有重要意义,岩石物理性质和岩石学研究相结合,还能为岩石的变质作用以及变质过程中化学成分的迁移提供必要的约束。本文主要对CCSD100-3100m的综合岩石物理资料进行了相关性调查和聚类分析,并得出如下结论:(1)岩石物理性质中的地震波速度、密度、热导率之间具有强相关性,他们都受岩石中主要矿物的组成和含量所控制;(2)岩石的电阻率和磁化率受金属氧化物含量的控制,与岩性有相关性;孔隙度、渗透率与岩性没有相关性;(3)利用岩石的物理性质可以反演不同的岩性,其中地震波速度、密度和热导率对榴辉岩和片麻岩大类具有很好的分类效果,而结合磁化率和电阻率则能更好的区分出超基性岩、正片麻岩和副片麻岩。上述结论对综合地球物理解释中物理参数的选取和结晶岩区地球物理解释标尺的建立具有重要的意义。