Observational climatology and characteristics of wintertime atmospheric blocking over Ural–Siberia

This study investigates the climatological aspects and temporal characteristics of wintertime Ural-Siberian blocking (USB, centered over 30°–100°E), for the period 1980/1981–2009/2010. Sixty-eight events are identified and their physical structure is diagnosed using thermodynamic and geostrophic vorticity tendency equations. In climatology, horizontal advections play a fundamental role in constructing a USB event, in which the anticyclonic center is a warm core in the troposphere and a cold core in the lower stratosphere. The decay of the thermal structure is related to diabatic cooling along the vertical structure and warm advection in the lower stratosphere. Meanwhile, the collapse of the height structure is caused primarily by cyclonic vorticity advection. A strong interrelationship exists between the intensity and extension of USB events. The temporal characteristics of USB events are analyzed by examining strong and weak events, which are of high and low intensity. The strong events are probably preceded by an open ridge over Europe and a cyclogenesis over the Mediterranean Sea, and their formation is followed by the stronger amplification of a Rossby wave packet across Eurasia. On the other hand, the weak events are likely to be triggered by surface cold anomalies over Siberia. Overall, the evolution of a USB event forms a dynamic linkage with the Siberian high, in which the decay stage of the USB event is accompanied by a southeastward migration of the Siberian high and a subsequent cold air outbreak in East Asia. These results advance our understanding of USB and its relationship with East Asian winter monsoon activities.     

岩石应力对钻孔附近的弹性波波速的影响

目前,地球物理学界普遍采用岩石的细观力学模型来解释岩石的声弹现象(即岩石应力状态的改变会造成岩石的弹性波波速的改变),认为岩石内部的微裂隙分布和取向在加载应力的作用下会发生改变,使岩体的宏观物理性质发生变化,从而影响到岩石的弹性波波速.     

Assessment on Tight Oil Resources in Fuyu Oil Layer in the Sanzhao Sag and Relevant Parameters

<正>1 Introduction The oil reservoir formed by Quan3 and Quan4 tight sandstones,also called Fuyu oil layer,in the Sanzhao sag,northern Songliao Basin,contains"sub-source"tight oil,which sourced from the overlying Qing1 lacustrine mudstone that acts as the caprock of the Fuyu oil layer,with the Quan3 and Quan4 tight sand bodies of fluvial-     

Geochemical Characterizations of Source and Depositional Environment of Hydrocarbons in the Lake Albert Rift Basin

Despite the upsurge in hydrocarbon exploration in the Lake Albert Rift Basin(LARB)over the past three decades,systematic characterization of hydrocarbon compositions remains lacking,leading to uncertainties in source rock and oil generation determination.We characterized crude oil compositions and oil sand samples in the northern and southern subbasins of LARB.The relative abundance of normal and branched linear alkanes,hopanes,steranes,and aromatic hydrocarbon suggest that northern and southern hydrocarbons were deposited in anoxic to suboxic lacustrine environments and share similar biological source compositions(i.e.,a mixture of plants and aquatic algae and bacteria).Relative to southern samples,northern samples show more negative δ¹³C values for oils,saturates and aromatics,indicating longer migration paths,and exhibit higher MPI-1,DNR-1 and 4-/1-MDBT ratios,indicating higher maturity.Between the two possible sets of source rocks(upper Miocene and Jurassic strata),the positive δ¹³C values of saturated hydrocarbons(average=-20.5‰)suggest that the upper Miocene lacustrine shale is the most likely candidate.Oleanane index(<5% in our samples)does not exclude either source rock possibility,and C₂₈/C₂₉ regular sterane(average=0.63)may be biased by high terrestrial inputs in a lacustrine setting.Together,our data show that northern and southern oils originate from the same source rocks but different oil kitchens.Given the similar geochemical characteristics of southern and northern oils,previous exploration successes in the northern subbasin likely suggest similar potential in the southern sector,while other elements influencing exploration success must be also evaluated.     

地下热水回灌过程中渗透系数研究

地下热水回灌是处理地热开发利用中所引发的热储层压力降低和弃水污染环境等问题的有效方法。第三系热储层的回灌过程中，由于物理阻塞和化学阻塞，导致热储层的渗透性下降。回扬可在短时间内消除或缓解堵塞问题，提高回灌效率。将利用回灌试验数据求得的渗透系数进行回归，得到渗透系数衰减方程。用数值方法模拟渗透系数对回灌的影响，对比渗透系数为常数与渗透系数变化两种情况，结果表明渗透系数衰减是第三系回灌能力下降的主要原因，渗透系数是影响回灌的重要因素。     

Links between Western Pacific Subtropical High and vegetation growth in China

There is a lack of simple ways to predict the vegetation responses to the East Asian Monsoon (EAM) variability in China due to the complexity of the monsoon system. In this study, we found the variation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH), which is one of the major components of the EAM, has a profound influence on the vegetation growth in China. When the WPSH is located more to the west of its climate average, the eastern and northwestern parts experience increased yearly-averaged normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and gross primary productivity (GPP) by 0.3%–2.2%, and 0.2%–2.2%, respectively. In contrast, when the WPSH is located more to the east of its climate average, the above areas experience decreased yearly-averaged NDVI and GPP by 0.4% to 1.6%, and 1.3% to 4.5%, respectively. The WPSH serves as a major circulation index to predict the response of vegetation to monsoon.     

篮状菌DYM25胞外产物的初步鉴定及其生物学活性

本研究以西太平洋雅浦海沟分离得到的篮状菌(Talaromyces sp.)DYM25为实验菌株,通过水饱和正丁醇萃取菌株DYM25的胞外产物,利用生物碱沉淀显色法初步考察胞外产物的种类,进而研究了胞外产物的抗菌、抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性。结果表明,1 L菌株DYM25的发酵液通过水饱和正丁醇萃取旋蒸后可得到约2 g的产物;生物碱显色反应预示着胞外产物中生物碱盐类物质的存在;篮状菌DYM25胞外产物对枯萎病致病菌木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti)的生长具有显著的抑制作用,是篮状菌作为F.equiseti拮抗菌的首次报道。同时,此胞外产物还具有一定的抗氧化活性和抗肿瘤活性,其抗氧化能力随产物浓度的升高而增强,对人胰腺癌细胞PANC-1的抑制能力也呈现出一定的浓度依赖性。篮状菌DYM25多样的生物活性凸显了其良好的研究价值和应用前景。     

乌鲁木齐区域高分辨率数值预报系统V2.0 预报性能客观检验

数值预报系统检验结果对预报产品的释用和系统的改进有着重要的作用。基于MET（Model Evaluation Tools）检验工具对乌鲁木齐区域高分辨率数值预报系统V2.0 (Rapid-refresh Multi-scale Analysis and Prediction System—Central Asia V2.0，简称RMAPS-CA V2.0）在2021年各季节中的预报性能进行客观检验评估，主要检验了2m温度、10m风速、高空位势高度等要素，并与RMAPS-CA V1.0同期预报性能进行对比分析。（1）2m温度预报偏差在冬季和春季整体为负偏差，在夏季和秋季整体为正偏差；各个季节的平均预报偏差均在2℃以内，预报性能秋季最优，冬季最差。各个季节10m风速预报整体为正偏差且差异不大，平均误差在0.5-1.0 m/s之间，预报性能秋季最优，春季最差。（2）高空位势高度预报偏差在冬季整体为负偏差，在其余季节整体为正偏差，预报性能冬季最优，春季最差。高空风场预报偏差在冬季和春季400hPa以下为正偏差，400hPa以上为负偏差；夏季和秋季整体为负偏差，预报性能春季最优、夏季最差。高空温度场预报偏差在冬季整体为负偏差，其余季节整体为正偏差，预报性能春季最优、夏季最差。（3）降水晴雨预报效果较好，但除夏季外以空报为主；随降水阈值增大、TS评分减小，多以漏报为主，降水评分在冬季最高、夏季最低。从降水个例检验看，24h累计降水为大量和中量的国家站点预报性能有所提升，逐6h累计降水TS评分略有提升。（4）RMAPS-CA V2.0系统各要素预报偏差的变化特征与RMAPS-CA V1.0相似，预报能力整体上要优于RMAPS-CA V1.0。     

2019年冬季北京海陀山局地环流特征及机理分析

海陀山作为北京冬(残)奥会的主要室外赛场之一,其复杂的地形对风场的精细化预报提出了严峻的挑战,亟需开展加密的风场观测提高对复杂地形下局地环流特征及其影响机理的认识,并为提升赛区精细化预报与服务提供数据支撑.基于2019年度海陀山观测试验,利用加密自动气象站、激光测风雷达、涡动相关仪、云高仪等多源数据,对海陀山风场的水平...