广西北海半岛近岸水域活性磷酸盐与叶绿素a含量的关系

本文根据1992～1999年6个航次的调查资料，分析研究了广西北海半岛近岸水域活性磷酸盐(PO4—P)含量的分布特征及其与叶绿素a(Chl—a)含量的关系．结果表明：该水域PO4—P含量的分布具有随着其补充量与浮游植物的消耗量的不同而明显不同的特征．相关分析结果显示，秋、冬季该水体PO4—P与Chl-a含量之间以负相关趋势较为明显，春季则以正相关趋势较为明显．该水域中氮的供应运比磷的充裕，除个别航次外，N／P均值都高于39．11，远高于Redfield比值(16)。PO4—P含量可能是该水域浮游植物生长的主要限制图于，也可能是1995年3月该水域发生赤潮的重要影响因素。     

The impact of flow discharge on the hydraulic characteristics of headcut erosion processes in the gully region of the Loess Plateau

Headcut erosion is associated with major hydraulic changes induced by the gully head of concentrated flow. However, the variation in the hydraulic characteristics of the headcut erosion process is still not clear in the gully region of the Loess Plateau. A series of rainfall combined scouring experiments (flow discharges ranging from 3.6 to 7.2 m³ hr⁻¹, with 0.8 mm min⁻¹ rainfall intensity) were conducted on experimental plots to clarify the variation in the hydraulic parameters induced by gully head and erosion processes under different flow discharges. The results showed that concentrated flows in the catchment area and gully bed were turbulent (Reynolds number ranging from 1,876 to 6,693) and transformed between supercritical and subcritical (Froude number ranging from 0.96 to 3.73). The hydraulic parameters, such as the flow velocity, Reynolds number, shear stress, stream power, Darcy–Weisbach friction factor, and unit stream power in the catchment area were 0.45–0.59 m s⁻¹, 2086–6693, 1.96–5.33 Pa, 0.89–2.86 W m⁻², 0.08–0.16, and 0.023–0.031 m s⁻¹, respectively. When the concentrated flows dropped from the gully head, the hydraulic parameters in the gully bed decreased by 3.39–26.07%, 1.49–29.99%, 65.19–67.14%, 67.25–74.96%, 28.53–61.31%, and 67.82–77.14%, respectively, which contributed to the flow energy consumption at the gully head. As flow discharge increased, Reynolds number, shear stress, and stream power increased, while flow velocity, Froude number, unit stream power, and Darcy–Weisbach friction factor did not. The flow energy consumption at the gully head was 9.66–10.13, 13.25–13.74, 15.68–16.41, and 19.28–20.25 J s⁻¹, respectively, under different flow discharges and accounted for 60.58–68.50% of the flow energy consumption of the experimental plots. Generally, the sediment discharges increased rapidly at the initial stage, then increased slowly, and finally reached a steady state condition, which showed a significant declining logarithmic trend with experimental duration (P<.01) and increased with increasing flow discharge. Accordingly, the flow energy consumption was significantly correlated with the sediment yield. These findings could improve our understanding of the hydraulic properties and flow energy characteristics of headcut erosion.     

Simultaneous adoption of risk management strategies to manage the catastrophic risk of maize farmers in Bangladesh

GeoJournal - Risk and uncertainty are distinctive features of agricultural cultivation, which significantly affect the production and income. Risk management is an important way for farmers to...     

青藏高原东侧常规观测资料对WRF模式预报误差的贡献分析

利用WRFDA-FSO(Forecast Sensitivity to Observation)系统,统计分析2009年和2010年5—10月青藏高原东侧常规地面和高空观测对WRF模式预报误差的贡献。结果表明:地面观测资料各要素中,温度场对模式预报误差贡献最大,风场、气压和水汽场的贡献相对小;四川东部、广西大部和云南南部边缘地区的资料对改进预报产生正贡献较大。高空资料各要素中,温度场对模式预报误差贡献最大,其次是水汽场,风场贡献最小;高空站资料对改进预报产生正贡献较大的区域主要分布在云南大部、贵州西部边缘和广西西北部边缘地区。依据误差统计结果,剔除对改进预报产生负贡献较大的地面和高空站资料后,模式降水和温度预报效果有所改善。     

顾及模型误差的卡尔曼滤波相位解缠

本文提出一种顾及模型误差的卡尔曼滤波相位解缠算法,该算法在卡尔曼滤波的状态空间模型中引入一与误差因素有关的控制变量,对相位误差进行补偿,通过在解缠过程中将卡尔曼滤波增益限制在一定范围内,把误差阻遏在相当小的区域,最后对解缠相位进行卡尔曼滤波平滑操作,减少了误差的传播。分别采用仿真数据和真实InSAR数据进行实验,并与原卡尔曼滤波相位解缠结果进行对比分析,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

黄土高原和鲁西南案例区乡村居民对全球气候变化认知

基于甘肃省会宁县黄河灌溉区、旱作农业区和山东省单县农业区的问卷调查,分析了案例区乡村居民对全球气候变化认知的一般特征、减缓全球气候变化的能力认知、义务认知和支付意愿及其区域和社会人口差异。研究发现:案例区乡村居民普遍关注全球气候变化,但对全球气候变化概念和发生原因的理解较肤浅。一定程度上,受访者通过当地气候变化及其影响来理解全球气候变化;受访者认为中央政府和国际组织应为减缓全球气候变化负主要责任,个人和家庭在减缓气候变化方面能力有限、支付意愿低,不同文化程度和职业受访者认知差异明显;存在原因认知决定责任者归属和能力认知、进而决定支付意愿的因果链,作者据此提出了政策建议。     

三峡小江回水区真光层深度及其影响因素分析

为探讨三峡水库运行初期小江回水区水体的光学特性,2007年5月~2008年5月对回水区5个断面水下光合有效辐射(PAR)与常规水质指标进行监测,分析了真光层深度的时空特征及其影响因素.研究区域真光层深度空间差异不明显,但季节变化显著,冬季最高,夏季最低.回归分析表明光合有效辐射(PAR)衰减系数与透明度、总悬浮物浓度有显著的相关性(R2=0.861 9,R2=0.764),与叶绿素a相关性不明显(R2=0.011 3).进一步研究分析表明真光层深度、总悬浮物浓度、叶绿素a主要受小江河口流量、小江回水区水位的影响,复杂的水动力条件与独特的水文条件是影响三峡水库小江回水区真光层深度变化的主要因素.     

基于长度贝叶斯生物量估算法的北部湾带鱼资源评估

带鱼是南海西北部北部湾主要经济鱼类种群之一,估算其种群参数和评估其资源状况对北部湾渔业资源管理具有重要意义.本文利用2006-2016年北部湾带鱼(Trichiurus haumela)的生物学数据,通过长度贝叶斯生物量估算法(Length-based Bayesian Biomass Estimation Metho...     

东昆仑造山带塔妥煤矿羊曲组时代新知

根据岩性、岩相特征 ,东昆仑造山带塔妥煤矿羊曲组自下而上可分为 3段 ,其中一段和三段为河流相产物 ,二段为湖沼相产物。依据本次研究在二段中所获得的孢粉和淡水双壳动物化石可厘定本区羊曲组成的形成时代为中三叠世至早侏罗世。