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171.
Application of data on seawater light scattering for the study of marine particles: a selective review focusing on Russian literature 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Oleg V. Kopelevich 《Geo-Marine Letters》2012,32(2):183-193
This paper presents a selective review of applications of data on seawater light scattering for the study and monitoring of
marine particles. Particular emphasis is placed on ocean waters and the seas surrounding Russia, where earlier studies by
the author with his coworkers are little known because published mostly in Russian. In those assessments, methods of solving
the inverse problem of seawater light scattering have been developed. Low-parametric models of optical properties were created
by means of statistical analyses of experimental data, solving the inverse problem and comparing results derived from optical
methods with those based on particle counts. Estimates of the volume and mass concentrations of suspended matter and its components
were derived from light-scattering data for different regions. The potential of using optical methods for assessing spatiotemporal
variability in suspended matter supply, propagation, and distribution is also considered. 相似文献
172.
Lieven Naudts Oleg Khlystov Nick Granin Alexander Chensky Jeffrey Poort Marc De Batist 《Geo-Marine Letters》2012,32(5-6):395-406
The distribution and origin of shallow gas seeps in the vicinity of the Posolsky Bank in Lake Baikal were studied based on the integration of detailed seismic, multibeam, and hydro-acoustic water-column investigations. In all, 65 acoustic flares have been detected on the Posolsky Fault scarp near the crest of the bank and in a similar, nearby setting at water depths of ?43 to ?332?m. The seismic data reveal BSRs (bottom-simulating reflectors) occurring up to water depths of ?300?m. Calculations involving hydrate stability, heat flow, and topographic modulation based on BSR occurrence and multibeam bathymetry enabled prediction of a methane–ethane gas mixture and heat-flow values that would account for gas hydrate stability in the lake sediments under prevailing ambient conditions. These predictions are supported by ground truth data. The findings suggest that seeps concentrated along the crest of the Posolsky Bank are fed mainly by gas coming from below the base of the gas hydrate stability zone, which would migrate updip via permeable stratigraphic pathways beneath the bank. Gas would ultimately be released into the water column where these pathways are cut off by faults. Figure
Conceptual seep model for the Posolsky Bank, Lake Baikal 相似文献
173.
Tamara I. Zemskaya Tatiana Y. Sitnikova Sergei I. Kiyashko Gennady V. Kalmychkov Tatiana V. Pogodaeva Irina V. Mekhanikova Tatiana V. Naumova Olga V. Shubenkova Svetlana M. Chernitsina Oleg V. Kotsar Evgeny S. Chernyaev Oleg M. Khlystov 《Geo-Marine Letters》2012,32(5-6):437-451
Macro- and meiofaunal communities were examined at four geomorphologically distinct sites with different gas- and oil-bearing fluid characteristics in the northern, central and southern basins of Lake Baikal. All sites had elevated concentrations of bicarbonate, nitrate, sulphate and chloride ions in pore fluids, with highest values at the Frolikha vent. Elevated levels of iron ions were found in pore waters of the St. Petersburg methane seep and the Gorevoy Utes oil seep. The chemical composition of pore waters at the Malenky mud volcano was similar to that reported in earlier work. Consistent with published data, the Frolikha vent (northern basin) and the St. Petersburg methane seep (central basin) were characterised by methane of mixed genesis (thermogenic + biogenic), whereas the methane source was mainly thermogenic at the Gorevoy Utes oil seep (central basin) and biogenic at the Malenky mud volcano (southern basin). In contrast to marine seep ecosystems, the macrofauna was dominated only by amphipods, giant planarians and oligochaetes, whereas bivalves were absent; the meiofauna was similar to its marine counterpart, being dominated by nematodes, cyclops, harpacticoids and ostracods. A statistically significant positive relationship was revealed between faunal abundance and the availability of bacterial mats on seep sediments. Moreover, ANOVA tests showed significant increases in both meiozoobenthic and macrozoobenthic densities at “hot spot” vent/seep sites relative to discharge-free reference sites. The isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen at various trophic levels of these benthic vent/seep communities was found to differ markedly from that reported by earlier studies for the pelagic and other benthic food webs in Lake Baikal. As in marine seeps, the macrofauna had variable isotopic signatures. Light δ13C and δ15N values suggest the utilization of chemosynthetically fixed and/or methane-derived organic matter. By contrast, the heavy δ13C signatures of some mobile amphipods likely reflect consumption of photosynthetically derived carbon. These findings would at least partly explain why Lake Baikal is a notable outlier in global temperature–biodiversity patterns, exhibiting the highest biodiversity of any lake worldwide but at an extremely cold average temperature. 相似文献
174.
Siidra Oleg I. Nazarchuk Evgeny V. Agakhanov Atali A. Lukina Evgeniya A. Zaitsev Anatoly N. Turner Rick Filatov Stanislav K. Pekov Igor V. Karpov Gennady A. Yapaskurt Vasiliy O. 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2018,112(1):123-134
Mineralogy and Petrology - A new mineral hermannjahnite, ideally CuZn(SO4)2, was found in the sublimates of Saranchinaitovaya fumarole, Naboko scoria cone, where the recent Fissure Tolbachik... 相似文献
175.
中国东北与俄罗斯远东富CO2矿泉是宝贵的饮用、医用矿水资源。五大连池、长白山天池、俄罗斯远东Primorye地区各泉水水化学特征对比显示,中国东北五大连池与俄罗斯远东Primorye地区出露泉水为低温、微酸、HCO3型、富含Si、Fe、Sr和CO2气体的综合优质饮用矿泉水;长白山天池出露泉水为高温、中性-微碱、HCO3型、富含Si和CO2气体的优质热矿泉水。五大连池和俄罗斯远东富CO2冷矿泉与长白山天池富CO2热矿泉具有相似而不同的形成过程,CO2气体对水化学的形成起了决定性的作用,广泛发育的花岗岩提供了富CO2热泉的物质来源,断层破碎带增加了CO2气体-地下水-花岗岩之间的反应程度,温度仅对可溶性Si有影响。 相似文献
176.
Katrin J. Meissner Michael Eby Andrew J. Weaver Oleg A. Saenko 《Climate Dynamics》2008,30(2-3):161-174
We present several equilibrium runs under varying atmospheric CO2 concentrations using the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model (UVic ESCM). The model shows two very different
responses: for CO2 concentrations of 400 ppm or lower, the system evolves into an equilibrium state. For CO2 concentrations of 440 ppm or higher, the system starts oscillating between a state with vigorous deep water formation in
the Southern Ocean and a state with no deep water formation in the Southern Ocean. The flushing events result in a rapid increase in atmospheric temperatures, degassing of CO2 and therefore an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and a reduction of sea ice cover in the Southern Ocean. They also cool the deep ocean worldwide. After the
flush, the deep ocean warms slowly again and CO2 is taken up by the ocean until the stratification becomes unstable again at high latitudes thousands of years later. The
existence of a threshold in CO2 concentration which places the UVic ESCM in either an oscillating or non-oscillating state makes our results intriguing.
If the UVic ESCM captures a mechanism that is present and important in the real climate system, the consequences would comprise
a rapid increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations of several tens of ppm, an increase in global surface temperature
of the order of 1–2°C, local temperature changes of the order of 6°C and a profound change in ocean stratification, deep water
temperature and sea ice cover. 相似文献
177.
Relationships between reference mafic dikes and deformations in the Gridino zone, Belomorian province, Fennoscandian Shield, make it possible to subdivide the deformations into three groups: pre-dike, synmagmatic, and post-dike. The Neoarchaean eclogite-bearing mélange was formed by disintegration of large eclogite slices in the course of ductile flow, which was associated with synkinematic granitoid magmatism and metamorphism varying from the granulite to amphibolite facies. Exotic blocks, including those of eclogites, are distributed in the TTG gneisses as layers and lenses, whose thicknesses range from a few to a few hundred metres and which are conformable with the foliation. Ductile flow brought the rock complexes to the depth level where brittle–ductile deformations were possible. As a result, certain parts of the mélange were deformed in a more rigid setting. A number of mafic dike swarms were emplaced into relatively cold rocks in an extensional environment in the earliest Palaeoproterozoic. The dikes cut across all earlier structures and are thus an important benchmark for distinguishing Neoarchaean and Palaeoproterozoic processes. Post-dike (~1.9 Ga) tectonic activity was associated with local deformations and discrete metamorphic retrogression to amphibolite facies. None of them significantly affected the pre-existing regional structure. 相似文献
178.
Ivan V. BRAGIN Georgy A. CHELNOKOV Oleg V. CHUDAEV Natalia A. KHARITONOVA Sergey V. VYSOTSKIY 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(1):276-284
Studied waters belong to warm(T=30-50℃),alkaline(pH=8.9-9.3),low mineralized(TDS235 mg/1)Na-HCO_3 or Na-SO_4-HCO_3 thermal waters with high content of SiO_2(up to 81 mg/l)and F(up to 3.9 mg/1),occur on modern volcano-tectonic rejuvenated areas of Eastern Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt.Low~3He concentration as well as N_2/O_2 and N_2/Ar ratios exclude influence of deep mantle fluid.New rare earth element data constrain our understandmg of water-rock interaction occurring in the water source region.Meteoric origin of waters is proved by stable isotope values varying from-71‰to-136.1‰and from-10.8‰to-18.8‰forδ~2U andδ~(18)O respectively.REE patterns reflect high pH,resultfing from water-rock interaction and oxidative conditions.Calculations of deep aquifer temperature using Na-K and quartz geothermometers show 116.8-131.1°C and 82.2-125.8℃respectively.Presence of deep faults both with abnormal thermal gradient(~45-50 K/km)define unique geochemical shape of thermal waters of Sikhote-Alin,area,where no present volcanic activity is registered. 相似文献