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61.
The solar magnetic field B s at the Earth’s projection onto the solar-wind source surface has been calculated for each day over a long time interval (1976–2004). These data have been compared with the daily mean solar wind (SW) velocities and various components of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) near the Earth. The statistical analysis has revealed a rather close relationship between the solar-wind parameters near the Sun and near the Earth in the periods without significant sporadic solar and interplanetary disturbances. Empirical numerical models have been proposed for calculating the solar-wind velocity, IMF intensity, and IMF longitudinal and B z components from the solar magnetic data. In all these models, the B s value plays the main role. It is shown that, under quiet or weakly disturbed conditions, the variations in the geomagnetic activity index Ap can be forecasted for 3–5 days ahead on the basis of solar magnetic observations. Such a forecast proves to be more reliable than the forecasts based on the traditional methods. 相似文献
62.
Anomalies in the solar magnetic fields of various scales are studied. The polar magnetic field strength is shown to have decreased steadily during the last three solar cycles. This is because the increase in the dipole magnetic moment observed from 1915 to 1976 has changed into a decrease in the last three cycles. At the same time, the medium scale magnetic fields (like those of isolated coronal holes) have been unusually strong in the last cycle. As a result, the tilt of the heliospheric current sheet is still about 30°. The large effective contribution from the medium scale fields to the total energy of the large-scale fields is also confirmed by our calculations of the effective multipolarity index. The aa-index at the cycle minima is correlated with the height of the succeeding maxima. The set of data considered may be indicative of the possible approach of a sequence of low solar cycles. 相似文献
63.
It is shown that the parameters of the solar-wind magnetic field are determined by regions in coronal holes at distances of
1.1–1.4 solar radii, where the field lines are radial at low heights. Expanding further in a narrow nozzle or funnel, the
field lines become radial throughout the unipolar region at 2.5 solar radii. Hence, the traditional approach of comparing
the characteristics of the interplanetary field at the Earth’s orbit and at the corresponding helio-projection point on the
Sun is not quite correct. It gives good results for the signs and sector structure of the field; however, the magnitude of
the field is formed in a more extensive area. Taking this into account, we can correlate the field values on the Sun with
the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and thus explain the absence of weak fields in the vicinity of the IMF neutral line
(the two-peaked nature of the distribution). 相似文献
64.
Auto-correlation analysis was performed using digitized synoptic charts of photospheric magnetic fields for the past three solar activity cycles (1965–1994). The obtained correlograms were used to study the rotation and the zonal-sector structure of large-scale solar magnetic fields all over the observable region of heliolatitudes in various phases of solar activity. It is shown that the large-scale system of solar magnetic fields is rather complex and comprises at least three different systems. One is a global rigidly rotating system. It determines the cyclic variation of magnetic fields and is probably responsible for the behavior of magnetic fields in the polar zones. Another is a rigidly rotating 4-sector structure in the central (equatorial and mid-latitude) zone. The third is a differentially rotating system that determines the behavior of the LSSMF structure elements with a size of 30–60° and less. This one is the most noticeable in the central zone and absent in the polar zones. Various cyclic and rotation parameters of the three field structures are discussed. 相似文献
65.
In experiments that were regularly carried out in 1999–2002 with Pushchino radio telescopes (Russian Academy of Sciences), the study of the radial dependence of the scattering of radio emission from compact natural sources was extended to regions of circumsolar plasma farther from the Sun. Based on a large body of data, we show that, apart from the standard transonic acceleration region located at distances of 10–40 R⊙ from the Sun, there is a region of repeated acceleration at distances of 34–60 R⊙ attributable to the equality between the solar wind velocity and the Alfvénic velocity. The repetition in the trans-Alfvénic region of the characteristic features of the radial stream structure observed in the transonic region (the existence of a precursor, a narrow region of reduced scattering that precedes a wide region of enhanced scattering) suggests that the main characteristic features of the resonant acceleration of solar wind streams are preserved up to distances of the order of 60 R⊙. 相似文献
66.
67.
Cyclic variations of the mean semi-annual intensities I
of the coronal green line 530.3 nm are compared with the mean semi-annual variations of the Wolf numbers W during the period of 1943–1999 (activity cycles 18–23). The values of I
in the equatorial zone proved to correlate much better with the Wolf numbers in a following cycle than in a given one (the correlation coefficient r is 0.86 and 0.755, respectively). Such increase of the correlation coefficient with a shift by one cycle differs in different phases of the cycle, being the largest at the ascending branch. The regularities revealed make it possible to predict the behaviour of W in the following cycle on the basis of intensities of the coronal green line in the preceding cycle. We predict the maximum semi-annual W in cycle 23 to be 110–122 and the epoch of minimum between cycles 23 and 24 to take place at 2006–2007. A slow increase of I
in the current cycle 23 permits us to forecast a low-Wolf-number cycle 24 with the maximum W50 at 2010–2011. A scheme is proposed on the permanent transformation of the coronal magnetic fields of different scales explaining the found phenomenon. 相似文献
68.
SOHO-MDI daily magnetic field synoptic data (a 14-year series of daily maps of the solar magnetic field intensity B available at the site ) have been used to analyze the dynamics of the photospheric magnetic field in the vicinity of the solar equator. The standard
deviation s
B
of the field B calculated over areas of tens of square degrees on the solar disk was taken as a basic index. An 11-year variation similar
to that observed at higher latitudes is observed in the vicinity of the equator, and is similar for weak and strong fields;
i.e., the solar cycle exists in the sunspot-free zone. New qualitative data support the idea that the weak background magnetic
field increases toward the solar limb. This angular dependence suggests the existence of a transverse component of the background
field. The magnetic fields in the vicinity of the equator were significantly different in the initial phases of Cycles 23
and 24. Annual variations of s
B
were observed near the center of the solar disk. These variations are due to two factors: the annual variation of the distance
from the equator to the disk center and the increase of s
B
with with distance from the equator. Reliable detection of these variations is an evidence of high accuracy of the s
B
estimates. 相似文献
69.
It is shown that, when all components of the large-scale solar magnetic field are longitudinally averaged, the N polarity and the eastward transverse component of the B φ field associated with both local and large-scale fields over the Northern hemisphere are somewhat stronger and occupy a smaller area during odd cycles than does the field of opposite polarity. This behavior is reversed for even cycles or the Southern hemisphere. The regular Hale law is a particular form of the above rule. The nature of this asymmetry seems to be rooted in the dynamo mechanism itself, and should be important for fields on any scale. 相似文献
70.
Small-scale solar magnetic fields demonstrate features of fractal intermittent behavior, which requires quantification. For this purpose we investigate how the observational estimate of the solar magnetic flux density \(B\) depends on resolution \(D\) in order to obtain the scaling \(\ln B_{D} = - k \ln D +a\) in a reasonably wide range. The quantity \(k\) demonstrates cyclic variations typical of a solar activity cycle. In addition, \(k\) depends on the magnetic flux density, i.e. the ratio of the magnetic flux to the area over which the flux is calculated, at a given instant. The quantity \(a\) demonstrates some cyclic variation, but it is much weaker than in the case of \(k\). The scaling obtained generalizes previous scalings found for the particular cycle phases. The scaling is typical of fractal structures. In our opinion, the results obtained trace small-scale action in the solar convective zone and its coexistence with the conventional large-scale solar dynamo based on differential rotation and mirror-asymmetric convection. 相似文献