Forest ecosystem health assessment and analysis in China

Based on more than 300 forest sample plots surveying data and forestry statistical data, remote sensing information from the NOAA AVHRR database and the daily meteorological data of 300 stations, we selected vigor, organization and resilience as the indicators to assess large-scale forest ecosystem health in China and analyzed the spatial pattern of forest ecosystem health and influencing factors. The results of assessment indicated that the spatial pattern of forest ecosystem health showed a decreasing trend along latitude gradients and longitude gradients. The healthy forests are mainly distributed in natural forests, tropical rainforests and seasonal rainforests; secondarily orderly in northeast national forest zone, subtropical forest zonation and southwest forest zonation; while the unhealthy forests were mainly located in warm temperate zone and Xinjiang-Mongolia forest zone. The coefficient of correction between Forest Ecosystem Health Index (FEHI) and annual average precipitation was 0.58 (p<0.01), while the coefficient of correlation between FEHI and annual mean temperatures was 0.49 (p<0.01), which identified that the precipitation and temperatures affect the pattern of FEHI, and the precipitation's effect was stronger than the temperature's. We also measured the correlation coefficient between FEHI and NPP, biodiversity and resistance, which were 0.64, 0.76 and 0.81 (p<0.01) respectively. The order of effect on forest ecosystem health was vigor, organization and resistance.     

Geo-environment in the Sustainable Development of Chinese Cities

Urban geo-environment mainly concerns those regards in and around a city,such as the movement of earth crust and earth surface,conditions of hydrology,geology,geography and meteorology.The relevant studies on geo-disaster reduction and the influences resulted from human activities on the geo-environment are included as well.It is stressed in the paper that geo-environmental protection and management are of significance to the sustainable development for Chinese cities.     

区域GPS网与地面网3维联合处理

随着GPS和传统地面测量技术的发展，两种技术的组合应用常常是适宜的选择。显然，有关GPS网与地面网联合处理的研究在GPS测量技术应用中是重要的。本文对区域GPS网与地面网3维联合平方差方法进行了研究，给出了相应的函数模型，解决了经典3维平差中天文经纬度缺乏和垂直折光差改正两个关键技术问题，此外，为节省计算机存储和运算时间，笔者建议采用变带宽存储法和剖面极小化算法，文章的最后简要介绍了CPSTGD数据处理软件。     

西藏当雄错—姆错丙尼地区早二叠世拉嘎组及杂砾岩成因探讨

本文通过1：25万《邦多区幅》和《措麦区福》区域地质调查，对西藏当雄错－姆错丙尼地区的早二叠世拉嘎组进行了地层生物及杂砾岩特征的研究，认为：所采生物化石均赋存于滑塌块体中，反映的地质时期为早二叠世Sakmarian-Artinskian期，而赋含滑塌块体的“基质”地层时代应稍晚于早二叠世Sakmarian-Artinskian期；沉积特征表明杂砾岩成因具冰海相和水下块体重力流的双重（复合）性质。     

气升式光生物反应器培养裙带菜配子体的初步研究

在升气式光生物反应器中培养裙带菜配子体无性系。比生长速率最高为0.262d^－1，在快速生长期，日平均增重达到30％。通过在线测定DO和pH值变化实时了解配子体光合、呼吸作用的情况，通过测定碱度分析 子体对无机碳的利用情况，表明HCO3一直处于较高浓度，为配子体所利用的主要碳源。测定培养液的盐度、NO3^-和PO4^3-的浓度，其中NO3^-的利用量与配子体的生长相对应，而盐度变化可反映配子体对营养盐的作用。     

水下铁磁体磁场特征平面

分析了水下铁磁体磁场特点，并通过与实际试验数据的比对，发现在铁磁体周围磁场中存在一个具有实际利用价值的特征平面。特征平面的存在对海洋磁探测具有重要意义。     

Abnormal Phenomena Recorded by Several Earthquake Precursor Observation Instruments Before the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan, Sichuan Earthquake

The paper introduces the anomalies observed by digital tiltmeter, cross-fault deformation meter, 4-component borehole strainmeter and geothermometer before May 12, 2008, Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan. The digital tiltmeter installed in the epicentral region in Shifang County recorded the tilt anomalies 15 days before the earthquake with variation amplitude of 3.7 times larger than the annual deviation of 2007. The cross-fault deformation meter installed at Zimakua station on the Xianshuihe-Anninghe fault zone detected displacement anomaly occurring since 2006 with the variation amplitude exceeding the cumulative value of the last ten years. Five borehole strainmeter stations in the Chongqing section of Three Gorges Reservoir area observed unconventional strain changes occurring in the period from May 1 through 12, 2008. Among them, the strainmeter at Wanzhou station recorded the great compression strain rate on the EW component at 14:00 o'clock of May 10, and the anomaly amplitude was so large that the instrument output exceeded its dynamic range, corresponding to a level of ～104 nanostrains. The geothermometers installed in Xi'an, Chongqing and Xichang recorded the sudden temperature changes from November 2007 to January 2008 with the variation amplitudes several times larger than the ordinary deviation. The above phenomena and the criteria for distinguishing the anomalies from background fluctuations are discussed in this paper.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱测化探样品痕量镉的改进

采用ThermoFisher（热电）SOLAAR M6（Themo Electron Corporation）原子吸收分光光度计,以磷酸氢二铵为基体改进剂测定化探样品中痕量镉。方法检出限DL=0．011μg/g,精密度RSD在2．24％～6．45％,满足化探样品中痕量镉的测定要求。     

浙江江山市江郎山岩石岩性特征及其对丹霞地貌形成的影响

岩性特征的量化研究对分析丹霞地貌的成因具重要意义。江郎山岩石岩性标本的X射线荧光光谱分析和偏光显微镜鉴定发现,江郎山方岩组砂岩、砾岩中SiO2含量高达55.5%-75.8%,火山岩碎屑含量高,石英晶屑多已被高温熔蚀,三爿石中多处贯穿有辉绿岩和橄榄玄武岩的岩脉和岩墙,其辉绿-间粒结构和斜长石与暗色矿物的组合,构成了抗风化能力强的岩体,使三爿石得以长期保存。洞穴岩石CaO含量百分比的平均值是崖壁的三倍,且洞穴中岩石的胶结物多为方解石,其含量超过总胶结物的50%以上,使岩石结构的稳定性受到影响,会发生类似石灰岩地区的溶蚀作用,从而导致岩体的破碎和崩塌,有可能形成诸如会仙岩、天宫洞等大型洞穴和凹槽。     

青藏高原高寒草原生态系统CO2,CH4和N2O排放通量研究

Using static chamber technique, fluxes of CO2, CHh and N2O were measured in the alpinegrassland area from July 2000 to July 2001, determinations of mean fluxes showed that CO2 and N2Owere generally released from the soil, while the alpine grassland accounted for a weak CH4 sink.Fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O ranged widely. The highest CO2 emission occurred in August, whereasalmost 90% of the whole year emission occurred in the growing season. But the variations of CH4and N2O fluxes did not show any clear patterns over the one-year-experiment. During a dailyvariation, the maximum CO2 emission occurred at 16:00, and then decreased to the minimumemission in the early morning. Daily pattern analyses indicated that the variation in CO2 fluxes waspositively related to air temperatures (R2=0.73) and soil temperatures at a depth of 5 cm (R2=4).86),whereas daily variations in CH4 and N2O fluxes were poorly explained by soil temperatures andclimatic variables. CO2 emissions in this area were much lower than other grasslands in plain areas.