孟公界花岗岩型脉状铀矿床成矿构造研究及找矿预测

笔者运用大陆构造体系分析方法，详细研究了桂北苗儿山矿田孟公界花岗岩型铀矿床的成矿构造特征，初步查明了北北西向矿脉的形成是受区域性北北东向左旋剪切的次级剪应力场控制，成矿前形成的韧性剪切带既是矿液运移的通道，也是矿体赋存的有利空间；剪切作用造成矿脉、脉体在空间上呈雁行排列并向北北西方向侧伏。根据成矿构造预测，该矿床在1号矿脉的深部有较好的找矿前景，2～6号脉矿化地段由西向东逐渐加深，盲矿体应埋藏在较深部位。     

CAS-1模拟月壤

模拟月壤是与月球月壤具有相似的矿物组成、化学成分和物理力学性质的地球物质，是月球样品的地球化学复制品。长白山龙岗火山群金龙顶子火山喷发的四海火山渣具有与阿波罗14号采集的月球样品相似的化学和矿物组成，并含有20％～40％的玻璃物质。以四海火山渣为初始物质，研制成功CAS-1模拟月壤，并测量了CAS-1模拟月壤的主量和微量元素组成、矿物组成、密度、颗粒形态、粒度分布、抗剪性和复介电常数等参数。结果表明，CAS-1模拟月壤与Apollo 14号采集的月球样品具有相似的化学成分、矿物组成和物理力学性质，是一种理想的低钛玄武岩质模拟月壤。     

多代卫星测高数据联合平差及重力场反演

为了解决多代卫星测高数据之间的不协调问题,基于误差验后补偿理论,提出了将传统的交叉点平差整体解法简化为两步处理法,即首先使用条件平差法对交叉点观测方程进行平差计算,然后沿测高轨迹进行海面高滤波和推估。使用新方法可大大简化联合平差的计算过程,且有利于提高计算结果的稳定性和可靠性,对规则和不规则的区域网和全球网交叉点平差问题都同样适用。实际算例证明了新方法的有效性。     

利用FFT技术计算垂线偏差研究

首先导出了更加严密的二维平面FFT垂线偏差计算公式 ,在深入分析和比较二维平面和二维球面FFT算法特点和差异的基础上 ,给出了二维球面FFT计算公式的改进形式 ,并通过大量的数值计算 ,详细讨论了参考场选取、积分球冠半径确定、边缘效应、积分元离散化误差以及计算点奇异积分处理对垂线偏差计算结果的作用和影响。最后 ,利用全国 5′× 5′实测重力异常对我国海陆垂线偏差进行了试算 ,并将计算结果同实际观测值作了比较。     

Element geochemistry of weathering profile of dolomitite and its implications for the average chemical composition of the upper-continental crust--Case studies from the Xinpu profile,northern Guizhou Province,China

Geochemical behavior of chemical elements is studied in a dolomitite weathering profile in upland of karst terrain in northern Guizhou.Two stages can be recognized during the process of in situ weathering of dolomitite:the stage of sedentary accumulation of leaching residue of dolomitite and the stage of chemical weathering evolution of sedentary soil.Ni,Cr,Mo,W and Ti are the least mobile elements with reference to Al.The geochemical behavior of REE is similar to that observed in weathering of other types of rocks.Fractionation of REE is noticed during weathering,and the two layers of REE enrichments are thought to result from downward movement of the weathering front in response to changes in the environment.It is considered that the chemistry of the upper part of the profile,which was more intensively weathered,is representative of the mobile components of the upper curst at the time the dolomitite was formed,while the less weathered lower profile is chemically representative of the immobile constitution.Like glacial till and loess,the "insoluble" materials in carbonate rocks originating from chemical sedimentation may also provide valuable information about the average chemical composition of the upper continental crust.     

萨拉乌苏河流域末次间冰期 古土壤化学风化与古气候

内蒙萨拉乌苏河流域米浪沟湾剖面末次间冰期发育5 层古土壤。对这5 层古土壤的形 态特征、粒度、扫描电镜及化学风化等分析结果表明: (1) 这些古土壤具有与华北现代褐土相 似的形态特征; (2) 粘化率中部高和石英颗粒表面硅质溶蚀-沉淀现象表明古土壤层中发生过 风化成壤作用; (3) 用K₂O/Na₂O、Al₂O₃/Na₂O、MnO/Al₂O₃、CIA 及A-CN-K 图解与华北现代 褐土作对比分析, 发现它们的化学风化特征极为相似; (4) 用气温及降水量与CIA 值的回归 关系方程, 得出5 层古土壤发育时期的水热状况确与华北现代的暖温带半湿润季风性气候大 致相同或更显暖湿。形态特征、粒度、石英颗粒表面特征和化学风化特征等多个方面具备了 与现代华北褐土类似的化学风化成壤特征, 证明这些古土壤是在与华北相似的暖温带半湿润 季风性气候条件下形成的。     

青藏高原高寒草原生态系统CO2过程研究

In this paper, the CO2 concentrations profile from 1.5 m depth in soil to 32 m height in atmosphere were measured from July 2000 to July 2001 in an alpine grassland ecosystem located in the permafrost area on the Tibetan Plateau, which revealed that CO2 concentrations varied greatly during this study period. Mean concentrations during the whole experiment in the atmosphere were absolutely lower than the CO2 concentrations in soil, which resulted in CO2 emissions from the alpine steppe soil to the atmosphere. The highest CO2 concentration was found at a depth of 1.5 m in soil while the lowest CO2 concentration occurred in the atmosphere. Mean CO2 concentrations in soil generally increased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the increasing soil moistures and decreasing soil pH, which induced the increasing biological activities with depth. Temporally, the CO2 concentrations at different layers in air remained a more steady state because of the atmospheric turbulent milking. During the seasonal variations, CO2 concentrations at surface soil interface showed symmetrical patterns, with the lowest accumulation of CO2 occurring in the late winter and the highest CO2 concentration in the growing seasons.     

潮汐非调和常数的计算及应用

潮汐非调和常数对于港工建设、航运和军事活动等非常重要。基于模型法原理,实现了非调和常数的电算化,相对于手工来讲,提高了计算速度和精度,可应用于海道测量作业。     

顾及海底地形非线性项的最小二乘配置反演方法

针对目前常用的反演海底地形方法主要考虑海底地形和卫星测高重力数据线性趋势项而忽略非线性项影响现状,提出了顾及海底地形非线性项的最小二乘配置反演方法.选择日本海某海域作为目标海区,利用卫星测高重力异常和重力异常垂直梯度数据作为输入源进行了方法试算并构建了相应的海深模型,然后以实际船测海深作为外部检核参考,评估了反演模型效能,同时分析了反演模型频谱特征.目标海区试验结果表明:相较于本文仅仅考虑海底地形和重力数据线性趋势项采用最小二乘方法建立的海深模型,基于最小二乘配置方法,利用相同重力异常和重力异常垂直梯度数据获得的目标海区反演海深模型检核精度最低分别提高了大约2.5倍和3.5倍,相对精度最高分别提升了9.76％ 和13.07％,极大地提升了海底地形建模质量;采用本文方法建立的海底地形模型在研究海域表现良好,反演模型与S&S V18.1、ETOPO1、GEBCO和BAT_VGG模型在研究海域相关系数均达到了0.95以上;在研究海区本文模型检核精度与S&S V18.1相当,远远优于ETOPO1等海深模型;本文模型可有效改善船测海深相关波段信息(本文反演波段范围为15～160 km),其中重力异常垂直梯度构建的海深模型相比重力异常为输入源建立的海深模型改善船测海深相关波段信息更为明显,验证了本文方法的可行性和有效性.     

利用三维点云数据计算单木树冠体积的扇形分割算法

基于切片法提出了利用三维点云数据计算树冠体积的扇形分割算法,该方法能更好地顾及树冠轮廓形状.通过实例验证了方法的有效性,结果表明该方法计算的树冠体积值介于凸包法和体元法之间,有效克服了凸包法结果偏大和体元法结果偏小的问题.