公元前1831年-公元1980年中国地震灾害对交通影响的时空分布及其类型

在综合整理公元前1831年-公元1980年中国地震灾害资料的基础上,运用GIS技术,着重探讨了中国地震灾害的时空特征以及中国地震灾害对交通影响的空间分布与类型分析。中国地震灾害记载的时间分布不平衡,是随时间的推移而逐渐呈现上升趋势;其空间分布也不平衡,元代以前集中于山西、河南、陕西一带,明清时期西南和台湾地区有所增加,民国及1949-1980年主要集中于西南、西北及台湾地区。中国地震灾害对交通影响的空间分布也集中于西北、西南地区,特别是云南、四川和新疆,通过地震烈度的空间分布,可知高烈度的地震对新疆的交通系统影响较大,云南和四川较低烈度的地震对其交通系统的影响也比较大,这是因为3省皆分布于中国强震带内,且四川和云南地形复杂,多山地丘陵,其交通线的分布多沿山川行进,故较易受地震影响。然后,依据破坏程度、次生灾害、交通构筑物破坏可将地震灾害对交通的影响划分为不同的影响类型。     

云南元阳菲莫铜钼多金属矿床成因及成矿模式

文章在矿床地质、地球化学及同位素年代学研究的基础上,总结了菲莫铜钼多金属矿床的成因及理想模式。矿床中岩、矿石S、Pb同位素组成显示,矿床成矿物质主要来源于深部地幔或下地壳古老基底,后混入部分上地壳物质;H、O同位素特征显示,矿床成矿热液以上升的岩浆热液为主,结合部分变质热液及渗透淋滤的大气降水形成混合热液;Re-Os同位素测年得出矿床形成时间为(47·81±0·71)Ma,矿化主要发生于大皮甲岩体岩浆侵位晚期的期后热液阶段。矿床成因类型属沉积-变质-岩浆热液叠加改造型铜钼多金属矿床。成矿作用具长期性、多期次、多来源、多阶段、多成因的特征,大致经历了古元古代的沉积定位阶段→中新元古代的区域变质改造富集阶段→喜马拉雅期的颠覆性改造叠加富集成矿阶段。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南梁西区长6油层组砂岩低孔 超低渗储层特征及主控因素

南梁西区位于鄂尔多斯盆地陕北斜坡的西南部.长6油层组作为其主要的勘探目标层位,在研究区东北部发育三角洲前缘亚相、南部发育深湖浊流亚相.砂岩储层主要由长石砂岩及岩屑长石砂岩组成.研究区砂岩中胶结物类型有方解石、伊利石、绿泥石和硅质胶结物,使得砂岩孔隙物性降低.通过对储层孔渗参数的研究,得出长6油层组主要为低孔超低渗储层.根据毛细管压力曲线的形态认为,研究区目的层的孔喉结构为Ⅱ类,孔喉分选中等偏差,并提出成岩作用是影响其储集性能的主要因素.     

新疆阿舍勒铜锌矿区英云闪长岩年代学及地球化学

对新疆阿尔泰南缘阿舍勒铜矿区英云闪长岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定,获得了375.3±2.1Ma和386.2±3.8 Ma的加权平均年龄,表明英云闪长岩形成于早泥盆世晚期—中泥盆世早期。岩石地球化学分析结果表明:所有岩石具有高SiO2(74.72%~77.72%)和中等的Al2O3(12.06%~13.5%)含量,低的P2O5(<0.04%)和CaO(0.34%~1.65%)含量,且具有贫碱(K2O+Na2O=5.84%~6.59%)、富钠(Na2O/K2O=3.3~10.9)、过铝质(A/CNK=1.10~1.18)特点;富集LREE和Th、U、Pb元素,贫P、Sr、Nb、Ta、Ti元素,呈现明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.47~0.81),属低钾过铝质岩石。综合阿尔泰造山带南缘的区域地质资料及英云闪长岩的地球化学特征,认为阿舍勒铜锌矿区英云闪长岩是早中泥盆世的活动大陆边缘环境陆壳岩石部分熔融的产物。     

Strain, Kinematic Vorticity and Ductile Thinning along the Detachment Zone of the Yunmeng Shan Metamorphic Core Complex, Beijing, China

The Yunmeng Shan metamorphic core complex (MCC) is composed of the lower plate, the upper plate and the detachment zone. The detachment zone consists of ductile shear zone (mylonite zone), chloritized microbreccias zone and the brittle fault plane. The ductile shear zone contains mylonitic rocks, protomylonites, and mylonites. Finite strain measurements of feldspar porphyroclasts from those rocks using the Rf/φ method show that the strain intensities increase from mylonitic rocks (Es=0.66–0.72) to protomylonites (Es=0.66–0.83), and to mylonites (Es=0.71–1.2). The strain type is close to flatten strain. Kinematic vorticity estimated by Polar Mohr diagrams suggest that foliations and lineation of mylonite (0.47相似文献   

CO2 processes in an alpine grassland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau

In this paper, the CO2 concentrations profile from 1.5 m depth in soil to 32 m height in atmosphere were measured from July 2000 to July 2001 in an alpine grassland ecosystem located in the permafrost area on the Tibetan Plateau, which revealed that CO2 concentrations varied greatly during this study period. Mean concentrations during the whole experiment in the atmosphere were absolutely lower than the CO2 concentrations in soil, which resulted in CO2 emissions from the alpine steppe soil to the atmosphere. The highest CO2 concentration was found at a depth of 1.5 m in soil while the lowest CO2 concentration occurred in the atmosphere. Mean CO2 concentrations in soil generally increased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the increasing soil moistures and decreasing soil pH, which induced the increasing biological activities with depth. Temporally, the CO2 concentrations at different layers in air remained a more steady state because of the atmospheric turbulent milking. During the seasonal variations, CO2 concentrations at surface soil interface showed symmetrical patterns, with the lowest accumulation of CO2 occurring in the late winter and the highest CO2 concentration in the growing seasons.     

Types and spatial combinations of Danxia landform of Fangyan in Zhejiang Province

The prominent types of Danxia landform in Fangyan include enclosed valleys, mesas, peaks, stone columns and grooves etc. Their spatial combinations have regular configurations along the northwest–southeast direction: typical grooves and caves are located in the northwestern Wufengshuyuan mainly; abundant fresh collapsed stones may be observed in central Jimingfeng and Taohuafeng; stone drums and stone columns are in the southeastern Shiguliao particularly; enclosed valleys are encircling joints of peaks and plains from three directions east, west, and south. Their spatial combinations reflect that the developments of Danxia landform have undergone stages of geomorphic cyclical erosion in the form of weathering, collapse, transportation, sedimentation and other processes, together with the “sculpture” of external forces mainly as tectonic uplift. The picturesque Danxia landform began its formation at that point. Danxia landform developed mainly in the strata of Fangyan Formation (K1f) caused by the alluvial fan-braided river phase of anterior fan in the late period of the Early Cretaceous. Regular patterns of weathering of stones and features of braided alluvial phase sediments may be verified by the analysis of three groups of experimental data. Danxia landform of Fangyan is a unique representative of the “adolescent” development type in the application of the World Natural Heritages status in China, by virtue of its outstanding universal aesthetic and scientific value.     

浙江方岩丹霞地貌类型及其空间组合

andform of Fangyan is a unique representative of the "adolescent" development type in the application of the World Natural Heritages status in China, by virtue of its outstanding universal aesthetic and scientific value.     

拉萨河谷灌丛草原与农田水热平衡及植被水分利用特征

以青藏高原的拉萨河谷下游的灌丛草原和农田为研究对象,在中国科学院拉萨高原生态试验站的农田与附近的灌丛草原开展实验.利用SHAW模型模拟了2004年10月-2005年9月灌丛草原与农田水热平衡以及根系吸水过程.模拟结果经分析得出,(1)农田所接收的净辐射比灌丛草原要多,农田接收的能量大部分以潜热形式支出,全年的波文比为0.29;而灌丛草原的波文比为0.89.灌丛草原全年的潜热通量是农田的53%,具有一定的抑制蒸散发的功能.(2)农田耗水量是灌丛草原的1.8倍.农田由于大量的灌溉造成较大的渗漏损失,同时也增加了土壤蒸发这一无益损耗.(3)深层土壤水向上的补给与根系吸水两方面的模拟都表明,灌丛草原的植被比农田能更大程度地利用深层土壤水.