塔里木河流域径流变化趋势及其对气候变化的响应

This paper has studied the change of streamflow and the impact of climatic variability conditions on regional hydrological cycle in the headwater of the Tarim River Basin. This study investigates possible causes of observed trends in streamflow in an environment which is highly variable in terms of atmospheric conditions, and where snow and ice melt play an important role in the natural hydrological regime. The discharge trends of three head streams have a significant increase trend from 1957 to 2002 with the Mann-Kendall test. Complex time-frequency distributions in the streamflow regime are demonstrated especially by Morlet wavelet analysis over 40 years. The purpose is to ascertain the nature of climatic factors spatial and temporal distribution, involved the use of EOF （Empirical Orthogonal Function） to compare the dominant temperature, precipitation and evaporation patterns from normally climatic records over the Tarim＇s headwater basin. It shows that the first principal component was dominated since the 1990s for temperature and precipitation, which identifies the significant ascending trend of spatial and temporal pattern characteristics under the condition of the global warming. An exponential correlation is highlighted between surface air temperature and mean river discharge monthly, so the regional runoff increases by 10%-16% when surface air temperature rises by 1 ℃. Results suggest that headwater basins are the most vulnerable environments from the point of view of climate change, because their watershed properties promote runoff feeding by glacier and snow melt water and their fundamental vulnerability to temperature changes affects rainfall, snowfall, and glacier and ice melt.     

基于DEM地形因子的水土流失分析

研究地形因子对水土流失造成的影响,可为区域水土保持工作提供参考.本文以广西百色市、河池市、贺州市、防城港市为研究区域,以ArcGIS平台为技术支持,基于数字高程模型数据,选取坡度、剖面曲率、地表粗糙度、沟壑密度4个指标,进行空间叠加分析,得到研究区基于所选地形因子的水土流失强度分级图及水土流失面积,得出如下结论:1)基...     

人工地震测深用携带式多道数字化观测系统

为了更好地开展人工地震测深工作,研制了携带式多道数字化观测系统,由拾震器、前置放大滤波器、对时装置和多道数字化数据采集记录器SCJ-8等组成。主要性能是:有1-8个输入通道;带宽为2-30Hz;动态范围约110db;A/D和D/A皆为12位;非线性失真约0.5％;串音约-90db;等待功耗约2W;记录功耗约6W;能同时输出数字和模拟数据,可直接与计算机接口;时间服务用晶控数字钟;有多种控制与监测功能。实验观测表明,该系统性能好,功能全,工作基本可靠,已达到原设计要求,为人工地震测深增添了新的观测记录仪器。 文中对系统的主机SCJ-8作了较详细地介绍,给出了系统在野外试验观测时记录到的地震波形。     

A partial least-squares regression approach to land use studies in the Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou region

In several LUCC studies, statistical methods are being used to analyze land use data. A problem using conventional statistical methods in land use analysis is that these methods assume the data to be statistically independent. But in fact, they have the tendency to be dependent, a phenomenon known as multicollinearity, especially in the cases of few observations. In this paper, a Partial Least-Squares (PLS) regression approach is developed to study relationships between land use and its influencing factors through a case study of the Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou region in China. Multicollinearity exists in the dataset and the number of variables is high compared to the number of observations. Four PLS factors are selected through a preliminary analysis. The correlation analyses between land use and in-fluencing factors demonstrate the land use character of rural industrialization and urbaniza-tion in the Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou region, meanwhile illustrate that the first PLS factor has enough ability to best describe land use patterns quantitatively, and most of the statistical relations derived from it accord with the fact. By the decreasing capacity of the PLS factors, the reliability of model outcome decreases correspondingly.     

湖南白马山-龙山金矿带包裹体-同位素地球化学及成矿流体特征

文章测试了白马山-龙山金矿带中龙山、古台山、高家坳一带金矿床的石英包裹体水的δ(18)D‰、δ(18)O‰值,龙山、古台山一带金矿床石英δ(18)D值具有相似变化范围,变化范围为-59‰～-66‰,极差不大(7‰),分析结果认为本区成矿流体与区域液体主要为大气降水.而高家坳一带金矿中石英δD值变化较大为-57.7‰～-87.7‰,极差达30‰,矿液为封存于地层中的原生水与大气降水混合而成.龙山一带金矿床硫化物的δ(34)S值变化不大,大部分样品集中在-2.O‰～ 2.O‰之间,硫主要来源于深部岩浆,少量来自于地层.产于中泥盆统半山组中的高家坳一带金矿硫化物δ(34)S值变化范围大,集中在6.21‰～22.25‰的,反映其硫主要来自沉积岩层的硫化物.这些同位素特征表明,白马山-龙山金矿带经历了多期成矿作用,早期为成矿流体与大气降水混合成矿;晚期为地下热水为主,有变质水及岩浆水混合的混合型成矿溶液.     

An equal area conversion model for rasterization of vector polygons

Vector-raster conversion is one of the classic research topics in the field of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The algorithms commonly used in GIS are devoted to maintaining the vector polygons' shape characteristics, but neglect the gain and loss of a polygon's area, which is another important attribute. This paper proposes an equal-area conversion model based on an area compensation optimization principle. According to the topological relationship among polygons and boundary grids, a neighborhood compensation principle was adopted to assign the attributes of boundary grids and a global optimization algorithm was developed to minimize area distortion in the whole data set. Two experiments were designed and the results indicated that this algorithm not only guaranteed the area error is as small as possible, but also has the advantage as being adaptive to polygon shape and spatial structure.     

Origin of gray-green sandstone in ore bed of sandstone type uranium deposit in north Ordos Basin

Dongsheng sandstone-type uranium deposit is located in the northern part of Ordos Basin, occurring in the transitional zones between gray-green and gray sandstones of Jurassic Zhiluo Formation. Sandstones in oxidized zone of the ore bed look gray-green, being of unique signature and different from one of ordinary inter-layered oxidation zone of sandstone-type uranium deposits. The character and origin of gray-green sandstones are systematically studied through their petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry. It is pointed out that this color of sandstones is originated from secondary oil-gas reduction processes after paleo-oxidation, being due to acicular-leaf chlorite covering surfaces of the sandstone grains. To find out the origin of gray-green sandstone and recognize paleo-oxidation zones in the ore bed are of not only theoretical significance for understanding metallogenesis of this kind of sandstone-type uranium deposit, but also very importantly practical significance for prospecting for similar kind of sandstone-type uranium deposit.     

一种附约束的单频单历元GPS双差相位解算方法

在各类变形观测中，存在着2次观测的变形值不大及各种变形方向和大小可以比较精确预测等特点，可以把这些特征作为约束条件，对GPS单历元相位观测方程进行求解。基于以上几点，提出了一种含约束条件的单频单历元GPS相位求解算法和简单实用的模糊度搜索方法，本方法据观测值直接估计模糊度参数，并根据求出的模糊度估值进行搜索，还分析了最优解的获得和检验方法，最后用2个实例说明了该法的有效性和实用性。     

再论拟准检定法的原理、实施和应用

综合阐述了拟准检定法的原理和特点、研究思路。拟准检定法的关键是如何正确选择拟准观测，文章介绍了初选的复选拟准观测的实施要点。列举了拟准检定法在图相关情况下的相差检测，形变分析中的异常探测以及GPS相位观测的周跳检测和修复等方面的应用例子。     

罗圈里撞击坑铂族元素异常及粗铂矿的发现及其意义

对 1998年 7月发现的辽宁岫岩县苏子沟镇罗圈里直径 1.8km的撞击坑构造作了一系列地质、地球化学测试工作。从坑内出露的基岩 (下元古界辽河群里尔峪组变质砂岩 )与充填碎屑物质界面上取样 ,经XRD定性分析显示有自然铂、锇铱矿、自然铑、自然铱的存在。进一步对这一类样品作等离子质谱分析 (ICP MS) ,则发现有PGE异常。特别是Pt,Pd ,Ru甚至高于原始地幔的丰度值。进一步淘选坑里重砂样品则发现数颗粗铂矿物。已作电子探针分析表明PGE质量分数 :Pt为 85 .30 % 98.6 8% ,Pd为 0 .45 % 0 .87% ,Rh为 0 .5 6 % 0 .74% ,Os为 0 .6 6 % 1.31% ,Ir为 1.72 % 2 .43% ,Ru为 0 .16 % 0 .31% ,此外Ni为 0 .0 0 % 0 .5 0 % ,Fe为 4.98% 5 .42 %。笔者认为这种PGE元素异常和粗铂矿的发现是陨石及其撞击作用的重要依据之一。