现代绿洲生态系统的能值特征及其规律

生态系统的能值特征是生态系统结构与功能的综合性反映,也是生态系统物质循环、能量流动以及信息传递特征的反映．应用能值分析的原理与方法估算了新疆北屯绿洲生态系统能值特征．结果表明：北屯绿洲生态系统２００５年末的能值投入为７８４×１０２０ｓｅｊ,产出为７４６×１０２０ｓｅｊ．从能值角度讲,北屯农业经济系统能值输入主要依靠外界有偿能值,属于资源输入型,对外界依赖程度较高,环境资源利用率低,相关的能值指数从不同角度反映了绿洲生态系统的能值特征及耗散机制．     

Effects of three fungicides alone and in combination on glutathione S-transferase activity (GST) and cytochrome P-450 (CYP 1A1) in the liver and gill of brown trout (Salmo trutta)

In order to evaluate the gill glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity as a biomarker of effect of fungicide exposure in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta), the fungicides propiconazole [(R,S)-1-[2-(2,4-diclophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioolan-2-ylmetyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole] and fenpropimorph [(+/-)-cis-4-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-metyl propyl]-2,6 dimetylmorfolinc] were administrated in the water separately and together in a static system (80 microg/l for each pesticide) for 5 days. The combined fungicides gave a significant decrease in gill GST activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), whilst hepatic GST-activity was not significantly changed. Furthermore, continuous exposure to 540 ug/l thiabendazole[2-(thiazol-4'-yl)benzimidazole] in a flow-through system for 4 days significantly increased the gill glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity towards CDNB, whilst hepatic GST and cytochrome P450 (CYP 1A) activities were not increased by the treatment.     

中国对虾6种组织cDNA文库的构建

以中国对虾血液、眼柄、卵巢、雌虾头胸部、雄虾头胸部和三倍体对虾头胸部组织为材料,采用异硫氰酸胍-酸酚法提取总RNA;用磁珠法纯化mRNA;用Uni ZAP cDNA合成试剂盒合成双链cDNA并进行修饰,将cDNA定向连接在UniZAP载体上;经Gigapack Gold Package包装试剂盒包装成为噬菌体颗粒,转染宿主XL1 Blue MRF’菌株细胞,形成初级文库.初级文库经转染进一步扩增,形成稳定的cDNA文库.6个文库的库容在0.2×106~1.3×106之间,重组率都超过90%.从各文库随机取出6~10个清晰的噬菌斑进行PCR扩增,用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,其插入片段长度为500~2500bp.由初步功能基因克隆获得阳性结果.多项指标表明,所构建的对虾cDNA文库质量较高,为进一步筛选目的基因、EST测序和制作基因芯片提供了有效的工具.     

兼顾公平与效率的交通基础设施与区域协调发展研究——基于新经济地理学视角

基于新经济地理学视角,构建了以公平与效率组成的社会效用函数最大化条件下的最优资源再配置理论模型,并分析了交通基础设施对区域协调发展的影响效应及机制。结果发现:全国层面,交通基础设施对区域协调发展具有积极的促进作用,主要通过投资效应和知识溢出效应实现;区域层面,交通基础设施对区域协调发展的影响存在明显的区域差异,表现为影响程度东部地区西部地区中部地区,其原因在于区域经济发展水平和交通基础设施存在差异,导致影响作用边际效应存在差异。     

新疆南天山景汗花岗质岩体年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

位于新疆南天山和硕县北部的景汗花岗质岩体,为研究南天山造山带构造演化提供了重要信息。岩体岩性以二长花岗岩为主,石英二长闪长岩和二云母花岗岩次之。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,岩体成岩年龄为(311.3±4.4)Ma～(297.2±4.2)Ma,属晚石炭世岩浆活动的产物。岩体SiO₂含量为54.20%～74.22%,全碱(ALK)为5.12%～9.25%,具有高钾钙碱性系列岩石的特征。A/CNK值为0.77～1.07,属于准铝质-弱过铝质花岗岩类。∑REE为(44～288)×10^-6,(La/Yb)_N值为1.83～44.75,表明轻稀土元素富集较为明显。δEu值为0.54 ～0.93,整体表现为弱亏损特征。花岗质岩浆可能是地壳的部分熔融的产物,并与幔源基性岩浆发生过混合作用。该岩体形成于塔里木板块与伊犁—哈萨克斯坦板块碰撞造山作用晚期阶段,属于碰撞-后碰撞构造环境,南天山晚古生代残余海盆在晚石炭世最终闭合。     

西藏康托地区早—中侏罗世木嘎岗日群沉积盆地分析及构造演化研究

沿班公湖—怒江结合带中西段出露的早—中侏罗世木嘎岗日群,自创名以来,其代表的年代地层各异,岩石组合宏观上较固定,内部为总体无序局部有序的一套组成成分复杂的构造混杂地层体。通过对木嘎岗日群沉积组合、盆内沉积层序、岩石地球化学、岩相、物源区、碎屑模型、盆地分类及其构造演化分析,将沉积盆地视作一个整体进行地球动力学综合研究。康托地区中特提斯洋盆早—中侏罗世为深海—次深海沉积环境,属被动大陆边缘型弧前深水盆地复理石碎屑沉积组合。沉积构造演化可分为2个阶段:盆地扩张阶段和盆地双向俯冲阶段,包含3个活动期:扩张期、向南俯冲期与双向俯冲期,并将该地区木嘎岗日群地层划分为3个岩性组。     

Regulating public space on the beachfronts of Rio de Janeiro

Despite the fortification of buildings, streets, and public squares, Rio de Janeiro's beaches remain widely regarded as democratic spaces of social diversity and accessibility. Our study revisits the question of Rio's “democratic” beachfronts, based on local interviews, field observations, official reports, and newspaper accounts. We focus on historical and contemporary perceptions of planning, privatization, and public-order programs on the city's southern seaside. Institutional discourses have justified increasing regulation to combat threats of disorder and insecurity. While residents value the relative openness of beachfronts, they also acknowledge issues of safety, social segmentation, and subtle forms of bias. The public generally applauds recent “Shock of Order” policing and commercial revitalization, although critics lament the loss of traditional freedoms for informal beach vendors and casual sports. These paradoxes highlight enduring tensions between social order and hierarchy on one hand, and democratic rights and equality on the other.