Climate changes in atmospheric radiation parameters from the MSU meteorological observatory data

Variations in radiation fluxes and the factors that define them and their redistribution in the atmosphere are analyzed using the data of long-term ground-based measurements at the Meteorological Observatory of Lomonosov Moscow State University. It is demonstrated that since the middle of the 1990s trends in many atmospheric radiation parameters have changed as compared to the trends observed in the previous years. For some parameters the trends are significant, are kept for a long period of time, and. hence, can be considered as climate changes. The potential effects of these changes on the regional warming are assessed.     

Where Are the Women? Accounting for Discrepancies in Female Doctorates in U.S. Geography

Although there have been noticeable improvements in recent years, geography continues to be a predominantly male discipline. The percentage of women receiving PhDs in geography has tracked lower than the U.S. average of female PhDs. Previous studies of women's contribution to geography have focused on personal accounts or on the study of some of the most prominent practitioners, with a few studies using basic data on PhDs awarded and Association of American Geographers membership to determine trends. This article provides a comprehensive overview of doctoral degrees in geography by gender, over time, and across all universities in the United States by examining an alternative database, that of doctoral dissertations. The analysis yields three separate types of results. First, historical and contemporary variations among U.S. universities are examined. Second, data indicate that male and female doctoral students differ in the sex of their advisor. Third, a simple regression model explains some of the discrepancies in the proportion of female doctoral students by department. In sum, this article provides a comprehensive empirical study of the factors that might contribute to the continued disparities in female doctoral students in geography.     

Composition and Formation Conditions of Lower Eocene Shallow-Marine Carbonates in Southern Armenia

Lithology and Mineral Resources - Nummulite facies are known to be a good indicator of Eocene shallow-water paleoenvironments. Nummulitic limestones are widespread in the Lower Eocene of...     

Tectonic Position of the South Anyui Suture

Geotectonics - The South Anyui Fold System was formed at the end of the Early Cretaceous at the site of a closed oceanic basin as a result of the collision of the Chukotka microcontinent with the...     

Principal Component Analysis for Estimating Parameters of the L1287 Dense Core by Fitting Model Spectral Maps into Observed Ones

Astronomy Reports - An algorithm has been developed for finding the global minimum of a multidimensional error function by fitting model spectral maps into observed ones. Principal component...     

Confusion Noise Sources in the Infrared Wavelength Range

Astronomy Reports - Within the framework of the model of the extragalactic background created earlier by the authors, the factors influencing the statistical properties of the confusion noise have...     

Methodology of Environmental Standardization for Natural Waters

Doklady Earth Sciences - This paper discusses sources of significant errors that occur in the course of determination of the primary environmental standard for natural waters: the maximum...