Methods of Analyzing Qninones in Water and Their Application in Studying the Effects of Hydrophytes on Phenols. Part 1: Quinone Determination with Benzene Sulfinic Acid

By the example of some phenols and qninones, in aqueous solutions possibilities for the quantitative determination are tested separately and in the mixture. Methods for thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometry were developed. There can be chromatographically deteeted between 5 and 80 μg of substance. Phenol and quinone concentrations of 1.5 · 10^?3 … 0.5 · 10^?4 M were spectrophotometrically investigated.     

Correspondence analysis applied to volcanic aerosols

A statistical analysis of volcanic aerosol based on 1,083 variables including concentration, grain-size and site variabilities establishes correlations between sites and among chemical elements.Variation curves of element concentration show parallel behaviour. High coefficients of correlation between anions and cations confirm associations between elements.     

Rhyolitic ignimbrites in the region of Afyon (Central Anatolia)

Occurrence and field relations of an extensive ignimbrite sheet near Afyon in Central Anatolia are described. These rhyolitic ignimbrites are part of the important Neogene volcanic activity in Turkey and belong to the alignment of volcanic complexes along the inner border of the Taurian ranges. In close stratigraphical connection and in the same tectonic position as the rhyolites there occurs an assemblage of high-potassic, intermediate to basic volcanic rocks (alkali trachytes, mela-trachytes, latites and leucite-bearing rocks). Petrological and magmatological considerations led to the conclusion that the rhyolites and the potassic series, in spite of the close geological connection, are not related by processes of magmatic differentiation. Arguments in favour of an anatectic origin of the rhyolitic melt are presented. The occurrence of garnet and allanite as accessory minerals and as inclusions in the salic minerals of the ignimbrite are interpreted as relictic witnesses of a sialic parent rock. However, the trace elements, especially high Rb connected with low Sr, Ba and Zr and K/Rb ratios below 100 give a pattern generally explained by strong fractionation processes.     

Mixed function oxidases in marine organisms in relation to petroleum hydrocarbon metabolism and detection

Several phyla from the coastal Northwest Atlantic were investigated for mixed function oxidases. Enzyme activity was related to petroleum hydrocarbon metabolism and detection in the marine environment.     

Input-output models

Summary Elementary mass balance and export models are explored in relation to eutrophication as caused by phosphorus and nitrogen. New criteria for phosphorus loading are given in relation to the ratio ‘mean depth-water fill-in-time’ . The results suggest that lakes having long water renewal times are much more sensitive to phosphorus loading than would appear from mean depth only. Further, from comparison of the relative residence time of nitrogen and phosphorus, it is deduced that—with increasing eutrophication—the nitrogen metabolism is speeded up beyond the point of simple proportionality which would explain the transition from phosphorus to nitrogen limitation in highly eutrophied lakes. It is further suggested that the principles derived from eutrophication in regard to the metabolism of phosphorus and nitrogen in lakes are applicable also to other environmental compartments and stress factors.

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Zusammenfassung Elementare Massenbilanzen und Exportmodelle werden bezüglich ihrer Bedeutung für die Eutrophierung von Seen mit Phosphor und Stickstoff untersucht. Als neues Kriterium für die Phosphorbelastung wird das Verh?ltnis ?mittlere Wassertiefe-Zeit der Wassererneuerung? eingeführt. Die Beobachtungen lassen vermuten, dass Seen mit langen Wassererneuerungsperioden viel empfindlicher auf die Phosphorbelastung ansprechen, als aus ihrer mittleren Tiefe geschlossen werden k?nnte. Aus dem Vergleich der mittleren Aufenthaltszeiten von Stickstoff und Phosphor ergibt sich, dass mit zunehmender Eutrophie der Stickstoffumsatz weit st?rker beschleunigt wird, als der einfachen Proportionalit?t zu seiner Konzentrationszunahme entsprechen würde. Dies erkl?rt die Verschiebung von Phosphor zu Stickstoff als limitierendem Faktor in hocheutrophierten Seen. Es wird vermutet, dass die Prinzipien, welche bezüglich der Eutrophierung aus dem Umsatz von Phosphor und Stickstoff in Seen abgeleitet werden, auch für andere Lebensr?ume und andere Belastungsfaktoren angewendet werden k?nnen.

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Résumé Un équilibre massive élémentaire et des modèles de sortie ont été explorés en relation avec l’eutrophisation provoquée par le phosphore et l’azote. De nouveaux critères ont été décrits en relation avec le taux ?profondeur moyenne?—durée de remplissage d’eau? . Les résultats suggèrent que les lacs dont la durée de renouvellement de l’eau est longue, sont beaucoup plus sensibles aux charges de phosphore, que ne laisserait appara?tre le critère seul de la profondeur moyenne. De plus, en comparant les durées relatives de séjour de l’azote et du phosphore, on déduit que—avec la progression de l’eutrophisation—le métabolisme de l’azote est accéléré au delà du point de simple proportionalité qui expliquerait la transition du phosphore à l’azote en tant que nutriment limitant dans des lacs fortement eutrophes. En outre, il est suggéré que les principes, dérivant de l’eutrophisation des lacs en relation avec le métabolisme du phosphore et de l’azote, sont également applicables à d’autres compartiments et facteurs de containte de l’environnement.

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Paper given at the Conference on Chemical-Ecological Considerations for Defining the Goals of Water Pollution Control, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland, April 19–21, 1972.     

A generalized continuum method for dynamic analysis of asymmetric tall buildings

The paper presents a continuum method for dynamic analysis of asymmetric tall buildings with uniform cross-section in which the horizontal stiffness is provided by shear walls and columns of arbitrary shape and layout, coupled by horizontal beams. The equations of motions are formulated in variational terms, including axial strain energy. Numerical solutions, obtained by using finite time differences and infinite polynomials, are presented for the response of a twenty-storey building with six shear walls to an impact load and earthquake accelerations. It is shown that omission of the axial deformations results in a substantially distorted pattern of behaviour, some of its effects being:

• 1 Overestimation of the bending stiffness of the coupled shear walls, with corresponding changes in their stiffness ratios.
• 2 Underestimation of the periods of the principal modes, with a corresponding change in the dynamic response.
• 3 Distortion of the magnitude, form, time of onset and coupling of the maximum displacements.
• 4 Pronounced change in the shear force and moment diagrams for the shear walls, the beams and the building as a whole.

     

APPLICATION OF A HILBERT TRANSFORM METHOD TO THE INTERPRETATION OF SURFACE-VEHICLE MAGNETIC DATA*

The development of an alkali vapour vehicle borne magnetometer providing very high resolution and a high sampling rate has called for reconsideration of interpretation procedures. With continuous profiling at ground level, the close proximity to near surface structures requires that the precise interpretation of geological boundaries be of paramount importance. Rapid digital recording also demands efficient data processing. Both these requirements can be met by the method described. Essentially the method reduces to a simple Hilbert transform of the magnetic profile. The calculation provides an extremely well defined position of the contact and accurate specification of the dip, strike, depth of overburden, and magnetic susceptibility parameters. Particular advantages are tolerance to high frequency noise, independence from a predetermined origin and baseline, and freedom from subjective judgements.     

Les Dépots Fumerolliens Terrestres et Marins de l’Ile Vulcano (Italie)

Many hydrothermal deposits are formed around the marine and terrestrial fumarolic vents of Vulcano island (Italy). Their genesis is related to the recombination of the elements brougth by the fumaroles and those liberated by the destruction of pre-existing minerals.