华山北麓断裂断层泥的基本力学性质

华山北麓断裂是渭河盆地内一条典型的活断层。著名的1556年华县八级大地震就发生在该断裂带上。断裂的动力变质带宽数十至数百米,构造角砾岩和糜棱岩发育,在数米至数十米厚的构造角砾岩层内,局部夹有几十厘米厚的薄层状断层泥。为了配合全国活断层研究计划的实     

西印度构造演化及其对烃类显示意义综述

印度最大的油气聚集区位于西印度,具有独特的构造事件集中发生。中生代沿元古代活动带构造方向的裂谷作用形成了印度海岸的被动边缘盆地。Campanian期（83．5—70．6Ma）,马达加斯加与印度发生分离,南北向正断层传播进入到Cambay Graben地区。在初始德干Reunion热点之上,晚Maastrichtian（70．6—65．5Ma）隆起在西北印度海岸产生了伸展应力场,形成盂买高断块。早古新世,德干溢流玄武岩喷发后,伸展在薄弱的地壳中继续,引起了孟买地堑和Surat坳陷沉降的加强、Seychelles微大陆从印度分离以及孟买高地上正断层的重新活动。孟买地堑和Surat（Danahu）坳陷在热沉降期间充填了富有机质页岩,在缓慢沉降的盂买台地上发育了始新-中新世浅水碳酸盐,海平面波动产生了次生孔隙的发育。晚第三纪成熟的Surat（Danahu）坳陷页岩生成烃类,运移至孟买高的碳酸盐储层。Canlpanian构造事件之后,Konkan—kerala和印度东海岸的较老盆地并未受到影响,缺乏有利的成藏要素是该地区的特点。     

转换波方位各向异性裂缝检测技术研究及应用

HTI裂缝各向异性介质中,转换波随方位角的变化比较复杂,目前还没有解析公式可以表达其变化特征,只能通过物理实验或数值模拟来分析其应用的可能性.数值模拟结果表明,转换波在裂缝各向异性介质中传播时,其R分量和T分量的振幅属性都具有明显的方位各向异性特征,R分量振幅方位各向异性拟合椭圆的长轴方向指示裂缝方位,这与纵波方位各向异性特征相似;根据P波AVAZ方位各向异性分析原理,对转换波R分量振幅方位各向异性曲线进行方位椭圆拟合,寻找椭圆的长轴方向,即裂缝主方位,再由P波AVAZ技术中振幅响应与炮检方向和裂缝走向之间的夹角关系式得到裂缝的发育密度,从而构建转换波方位各向异性AVAZ裂缝检测技术.该技术已用于川西新场气田某区块的裂缝储层预测,取得了较好的应用效果.     

Spatial and temporal changes in microbial diversity of the Marmara Sea sediments

Spatial (10 different locations) and temporal (2 years) changes in characteristics of the Marmara Sea Sediments were monitored to determine interactions between the chemical and microbial diversity. The sediments were rich in terms of hydrocarbon, nitrate, Ni and microbial cell content. Denitrifying, sulfate reducing, fermentative and methanogenic organisms were co-abundant in 15 cm below the sea floor. The local variations in the sediments’ characteristics were more distinctive than the temporal ones. The sulfate and nitrate contents were the main drivers of the changes in the microbial community compositions. N and P were limited for microbial growth in the sediments, and their levels determined the total cell abundance and activity. Seasonal shifts in temperatures of the shallow sediments were also reflected in the active cell abundances. It was concluded that the Marmara Sea is a promising ecosystem for the further investigation of the ecologically important microbial processes.     

Evaluation of the presence of major anionic surfactants in marine sediments

The contamination of aquatic environments has become the focus of increasing regulation and public concern due to their potential and unknown negative effects on the ecosystems. The present work develops a monitoring and statistical study, based on the analysis of variance test (ANOVA) and the multivariable analysis, both for insoluble soap and LAS in order to compare the behavior of different anionic surfactants in this environmental compartment. First, a novel and successfully validated methodology to analyze insoluble soap in these samples is developed. The matrix effect and the comparison of different extraction techniques were also performed. The optimized analytical methodologies were applied to 48 representative samples collected from the Almeria Coast (Spain) and then a statistical analysis to correlate anionic surfactant concentration and several variables associated with marine sediment samples was also developed. The results obtained showed relevant conclusions related to the environmental behavior of anionic surfactants in marine sediments.     

采空区上方高速铁路桥梁群桩基础模型试验研究

目前有关采空区桥梁群桩基础的受力机制和沉降特性的研究成果还十分匮乏。以合肥－福州高速铁路官山底特大桥采空区群桩基础为原型进行缩尺模型试验研究。根据相似理论计算出模型相似常数,试验确定相似材料后进行模型制作,通过多级荷载试验获取了桩的内力,桩间土的应力,桩、承台、土和采空巷道顶板的沉降3大类数据,得出了模型中桩和桩间土的荷载特性和基础沉降规律。研究表明：采空区对桩承载力的影响与荷载大小成反比关系;所有桩均未出现桩侧负摩阻力,穿过采空区的桩的侧摩阻力分布重心下移程度较正常地层桩明显;采空区群桩不均匀沉降存在临界荷载值,超过此值后,采空区顶板岩土层与基础下正常岩土层的差异沉降不再增加。基于试验结果和理论分析,建立了以现有规范为基础的采空区单桩承载力计算公式和采空区群桩沉降计算公式。     

黄河水系沉积物碎屑矿物组成及沉积动力环境约束

黄河水系河漫滩沉积物的碎屑矿物组成研究表明,主要支流和干流沉积物中碎屑矿物组合基本相似,不同支流和干流不同河段的矿物含量不同,具有一定的区域分布规律。重矿物主要组合为不透明矿物-石榴子石-绿帘石-碳酸盐矿物和蚀变矿物。轻矿物的物源区指数难以可靠地反映黄河主要支流和干流不同河段碎屑矿物的物源差异;轻矿物成熟度指数在不同水系间的变化较复杂,中游沉积物低于上游与下游平原沉积物,它既体现沉积物物源的控制,又反映河流泥沙输运及沉积过程中的分选性差异。石榴石、不透明矿物及角闪石的含量变化主要反映悬浮泥沙的沉积分异程度以及不同水系的水动力强度。重矿物ZTR指数的区域分布特征一定程度上反映出不同沉积物的物源区分布。重矿物分异指数F清晰地揭示出由于区域水动力强弱变化导致特征碎屑矿物组成的沉积分异,因而,可作为研究单物源河流沉积动力环境和碎屑矿物沉积分异程度的指标。总体上,黄河碎屑矿物的含量变化并不完全受物源控制,而更主要地反映季节性的河流水动力强度与沉积环境差异,以及由此引起的碎屑矿物的重力分选作用,因此,在边缘海区运用碎屑矿物组成识别黄河入海物质的贡献时需谨慎。     

北黄海浅层声学地层

通过对北黄海高分辨率浅地层剖面的分析解译,划定了具有层序意义的9个声学反射地层单元或亚单元(SU1(1)、SU1(2)、SU1(3)、SU2、SU3、SU4、SU4(2)、SU4(3)、SU5).通过典型声学地层剖面与区内钻孔的沉积地层岩性单元对比,发现依据浅地层刹面进行的声学地层划分与钻孔岩心的沉积地层划分有较好的对...     

南黄海表层沉积物黏土矿物分布及物源

通过对南黄海表层沉积物295个站位的黏土矿物含量分析,研究了南黄海表层沉积物黏土矿物的组合特征、分布规律及与物质来源的关系.南黄海表层沉积物中伊利石含量最高,蒙脱石和高岭石含量次之,绿泥石含量最低;黏土矿物的组合类型以伊利石-蒙脱石-高岭石-绿泥石型为主,伊利石-高岭石-蒙脱石-绿泥石型次之;南黄海表层沉积物黏土矿物主...     

Lead contamination of small cetaceans in European waters--the use of stable isotopes for identifying the sources of lead exposure

Lead concentrations and isotopic composition have been measured in bone and teeth of small cetaceans belonging to three species (Delphinus delphis, Phocoena phocoena and Stenella coeruleoalba), to evaluate the toxicological risk and to determine sources of lead in the European waters. Lead concentrations, far lower than threshold value inducing toxic effects in human, were higher in teeth than in bones, but highly correlated between the two tissues (r=0.92, p<0.001). Large variations of 206Pb/207Pb values in bone tissue showed that cetaceans must be submitted to various atmospheric influences. No geographical differences appeared which is consistent with studies on their distribution indicating seasonal movements between Brittany waters and the Bay of Biscay. The negative correlation between 206Pb/207Pb ratios and age of the individuals reflected the decrease in the production of alkyl lead in Europe, i.e., the increasing use of unleaded gasoline.