Orbital solution and fundamental parameters of σ Scorpii

The first orbital solution for the spectroscopic pair in the multiple star system σ Scorpii, determined from measurements with the Sydney University Stellar Interferometer, is presented. The primary component is of β Cephei variable type and has been one of the most intensively studied examples of its class. The orbital solution, when combined with radial velocity results found in the literature, yields a distance of  174⁺²³₋₁₈ pc  , which is consistent with, but more accurate than the Hipparcos value. For the primary component we determine  18.4 ± 5.4 M_⊙, −4.12 ± 0.34 mag  and  12.7 ± 1.8 R_⊙  for the mass, absolute visual magnitude and radius, respectively. A B1 dwarf spectral type and luminosity class for the secondary is proposed from the mass determination of  11.9 ± 3.1 M_⊙  and the estimated system age of 10 Myr.     

Estimation of Background Noise for International Monitoring System Seismic Stations

v--vThe prototype International Data Centre (IDC) in Arlington, Virginia has been acquiring data from seismic stations at locations designated in the Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty for the International Monitoring System (IMS) since the start of 1995. A key characteristic of these stations is their background noise levels and their seasonal and diurnal variability. Since June 1997 an automated sample selection effort has collected over 700,000 individual noise sample spectra from 39 primary and 57 auxiliary stations. Monthly median and 5 and 95 percentile estimates have been calculated for each channel of every station. Compatibility of median spectra obtained for the same station and channel in the same month for two different years confirms the consistency of the noise-sampling algorithm used. A preliminary analysis of the results shows strong (more than a factor of two) seasonal variation at a quarter of all stations. Strong diurnal variations at half of the sites indicate that many of the selected sites are poorly located with respect to cultural noise sources. The results of this study are already being used to evaluate station quality, improve those processes that require background noise values, such as automatic association and requesting auxiliary station data, and to improve the estimation of station and network detection and location thresholds.     

中国北方寒武—奥陶系岩溶层组类型及其区域变化规律

本文在大量剖面资料统计的基础上,根据岩层的厚度比例和连续厚度及其组合形式,对我国北方寒武—奥陶系岩溶层组类型进行了划分,着重论述了岩溶层组类型的区域变化规律。为含水层系统的划分和水资源评价及区域岩溶发育规律的研究,提供了重要的基础资料。     

电阻率层析成像数据采集系统

上世纪90年代出现的电阻率层析成像技术是电法勘探的革命性进展．目前已在硬件和软件上取得重大发展．对数据采集系统,本文以MIR／MIS仪器为主从电极转换器、测量主机、控制软件、阵列电极和电缆系统几个方面全面地介绍了该技术的原理与设计。对主要的技术性能进行了讨论,对比和分析了不同设计思路的特点和利弊．简单介绍了国内外同类仪器的发展概况。     

Aminostratigraphic results from Cape Lookout, N.C., and their relation to the preserved Quaternary marine record of SE North Carolina

Aminostratigraphic data were obtained for Mulinia lateralis samples from closely spaced drillholes on the Cape Lookout, North Carolina barrier islands. Two major aminozones are recognized in the subsurface section based upon D-alloisoleucine/L-isoleucine (A/I) values. These major aminozones can each be subdivided into two additional aminozones based upon direct comparisons with Mulinia A/I data from other North Carolina localities. Correlation of the Cape Lookout Mulinia aminostratigraphy with U-series calibrated A/I data in N.C. indicates that the sampled units represent deposition during the middle to late Pleistocene. The four Cape Lookout aminozones may be assigned to late and early stage 5 (or possibly stages 5 and 7), a portion of the interval during stages 17–19, and at least one interglacial in stages 25–31 of the oxygen isotope record based on correlation to calibrated sites and kinetic model extrapolation.

The aminostratigraphic data obtained from the Cape Lookout barrier islands and nearby areas indicate that there are significant differences in the extent of preservation of the Pleistocene sedimentary record to the southwest of Cape Lookout compared with that to the north-northeast. All four of the recognized Cape Lookout aminozones are present in the subsurface section to the north-northeast of Cape Lookout. In contrast, the two late Pleistocene aminozones are almost completely absent in the subsurface of the barrier islands, and in Onslow Bay, to the southwest of Cape Lookout. These aminostratigraphic interpretations are consistent with the incomplete stratigraphic record recognized by previous investigators for the Cape Lookout-Onslow Bay area. The calibrated kinetic model age estimates for the Cape Lookout aminostratigraphic data now permit quantification of these stratigraphic gaps. The detailed aminostratigraphic results from Cape Lookout also have significant consequences for regional aminostratigraphic correlations on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, and provide valuable information with which to test contrasting models proposed for regional correlation within the context of the preserved stratigraphic record.     

鄂尔多斯盆地热演化程度异常分布区及形成时期探讨

鄂尔多斯盆地在中生代晚期存在一期构造热事件,本文在对大量的镜质体反射率、火成岩年龄、磷灰石裂变径迹等资料分析的基础上,对构造热事件发生的时间、存在的地区及形成机理进行了深入的研究。鄂尔多斯盆地中生代晚期地热异常区主要分布在盆地南部的吴旗—庆阳—富县一带,构造热事件主要发生在中生代晚期早白垩世约140～100Ma,构造热事件持续时间约在10～40Ma之间。鄂尔多斯盆地中生代晚期构造热事件发生的根本原因在于中生代晚期岩石圈深部的热活动增强,盆地南部岩石圈深部热活动性更强,早白垩世鄂尔多斯盆地处于一种弱拉张的构造环境,地幔发生底侵作用,岩石圈减薄,发生岩浆侵入和喷发。异常地温场形成可能与秦岭造山带燕山晚期强烈的构造活动导致鄂尔多斯盆地岩石圈深部活动有密切的关系。     

利用重力资料反演京津唐张地区震质中

流动重力观测结果显示，地震孕育过程中重力变化最大处往往不与震中重合，美国科学家J.T.Kuo（郭宗汾）提出了孕震体质量变化中心震质源(hypocentroid)和其在地表的投影震质中(epicentroid)的概念．本文采用球、椭球和圆柱体等3种旋转体模型模拟孕震体，分别计算孕震体均匀膨胀引起的表面重力变化模型，并利用最小二乘法对1981～2000年发生在京津唐张测网内16次M>4.0地震进行震质中迭代反演. 计算精度表明，圆柱体模型为三者中的最隹模型．研究了震中、震质中与断层之间的位置关系，发现京津唐张地区M4~5地震震质中与震中的距离在0~40 km之间，震中一般发生在断层末端，或断层交汇处；而震质中大都发生在断层间的块体内，且成丛分布．这意味着区域内存在小范围的构造——地震孵化区，一次次地震在孵化区内孵化，但却在其周围发生．其间，断层的存在起着重要的控制作用．      

In Situ Biotreatment of TBA with Recirculation/Oxygenation

The potential for in situ biodegradation of tert‐butyl alcohol (TBA) by creation of aerobic conditions in the subsurface with recirculating well pairs was investigated in two field studies conducted at Vandenberg Air Force Base. In the first experiment, a single recirculating well pair with bromide tracer and oxygen amendment successfully delivered oxygen to the subsurface for 42 d. TBA concentrations were reduced from approximately 500 μg/L to below the detection limit within the treatment zone and the treated water was detected in a monitoring transect several meters downgradient. In the second experiment, a site‐calibrated model was used to design a double recirculating well pair with oxygen amendment, which successfully delivered oxygen to the subsurface for 291 d and also decreased TBA concentrations to below the detection limit. Methylibium petroleiphilum strain PM1, a known TBA‐degrading bacterium, was detectable at the study site but addition of oxygen had little impact on the already low baseline population densities, suggesting that there was not enough carbon within the groundwater plume to support significant new growth in the PM1 population. Given favorable hydrogeologic and geochemical conditions, the use of recirculating well pairs to introduce dissolved oxygen into the subsurface is a viable method to stimulate in situ biodegradation of TBA or other aerobically degradable aquifer contaminants.     

Comparison of stress-dependent geophysical,hydraulic and mechanical properties of synthetic and natural sandstones for reservoir characterization and monitoring studies

Synthetic rock samples can offer advantages over natural rock samples when used for laboratory rock physical properties studies, provided their success as natural analogues is well understood. The ability of synthetic rocks to mimic the natural stress dependency of elastic wave, electrical and fluid transport properties is of primary interest. Hence, we compare a consistent set of laboratory multi-physics measurements obtained on four quartz sandstone samples (porosity range 20–25%) comprising two synthetic and two natural (Berea and Corvio) samples, the latter used extensively as standards in rock physics research. We measured simultaneously ultrasonic (P- and S-wave) velocity and attenuation, electrical resistivity, permeability and axial and radial strains over a wide range of differential pressure (confining stress 15–50 MPa; pore pressure 5–10 MPa) on the four brine saturated samples. Despite some obvious physical discrepancies caused by the synthetic manufacturing process, such as silica cementation and anisotropy, the results show only small differences in stress dependency between the synthetic and natural sandstones for all measured parameters. Stress dependency analysis of the dry samples using an isotropic effective medium model of spheroidal pores and penny-shaped cracks, together with a granular cohesion model, provide evidence of crack closure mechanisms in the natural sandstones, seen to a much lesser extent in the synthetic sandstones. The smaller grain size, greater cement content, and cementation under oedometric conditions particularly affect the fluid transport properties of the synthetic sandstones, resulting in lower permeability and higher electrical resistivity for a similar porosity. The effective stress coefficients, determined for each parameter, are in agreement with data reported in the literature. Our results for the particular synthetic materials that were tested suggest that synthetic sandstones can serve as good proxies for natural sandstones for studies of elastic and mechanical properties, but should be used with care for transport properties studies.