High resolution TEM of chondritic carbonaceous matter: Metamorphic evolution and heterogeneity

Abstract– The insoluble carbonaceous matter from 12 chondrites (CI, CM, CO, CV, EH, and UOC), was characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Besides ubiquitous nanoglobules, the insoluble organic matter from petrologic type 1 and 2 chondrites and Semarkona (LL 3.0) is composed of a highly disordered polyaromatic component. No structural differences were observed between these IOMs, in agreement with the limited thermal metamorphism they all experienced. In chondrites of petrologic type >3.0, the evolution of the IOM is controlled by the extent of thermal metamorphism. The polyaromatic layers, shorter than 1 nm in petrologic type ≤3.0 chondrites, grow up to sizes between 5 and 10 nm in petrologic type >3.6 chondrites, contributing to the increase of the degree of structural order. In addition, we find rare, but ubiquitous onion‐like carbons, which may be the product of nanodiamond graphitization. The insoluble carbonaceous matter of the enstatite chondrite Sahara 97096 (EH 3) is different from the other meteorites studied here. It is more heterogeneous and displays a high abundance of graphitized particles. This may be the result of a mixture between (1) the disordered carbon located in the matrix, and (2) catalytic graphitized phases associated with metal, potentially originating from partial melting events. The structural and nanostructural evolution are similar in all IOMs. This suggests that the structure of the accreted precursors and the parent body conditions of their secondary thermal modifications (temperature, duration, and pressure) were similar. The limited degree of organization of the most metamorphosed IOMs compared with terrestrial rocks submitted to similar temperature suggests that the conditions are not favorable to graphitization processes, due to the chemical nature of the precursor or the lack of confinement pressure.     

澧水流域皂市水利枢纽工程地质评价

本文对皂市水利枢纽的区域稳定性和水库渗漏、浸没、库岸稳定性,矿产淹没以及坝基岩体性状、软弱夹层、坝下冲刷、下游右岸滑坡等工程地质条件与问题进行了全面的分析与评价,结论是库区地形地质条件优良,存在的地质问题易于解决。     

滇西保山地块下石炭统的新发现及特征

在区域地质调查过程中在保山地块的东部发现了一套与原下石炭统明显不同的沉积组合,定为下石炭统张家田组,岩石以出现较多碎屑岩、凝灰岩及夹两层蚀变玄武岩为重要特征,产丰富的牙形石化石,可分为三个生物带,时代为早石炭世岩关期一大塘早期。     

Reorganization of a deeply incised drainage: role of deformation,sedimentation and groundwater flow

Deeply incised drainage networks are thought to be robust and not easily modified, and are commonly used as passive markers of horizontal strain. Yet, reorganizations (rearrangements) appear in the geologic record. We provide field evidence of the reorganization of a Miocene drainage network in response to strike–slip and vertical displacements in Guatemala. The drainage was deeply incised into a 50‐km‐wide orogen located along the North America–Caribbean plate boundary. It rearranged twice, first during the Late Miocene in response to transpressional uplift along the Polochic fault, and again in the Quaternary in response to transtensional uplift along secondary faults. The pattern of reorganization resembles that produced by the tectonic defeat of rivers that cross growing tectonic structures. Compilation of remote sensing data, field mapping, sediment provenance study, grain‐size analysis and Ar⁴⁰/Ar³⁹ dating from paleovalleys and their fill reveals that the classic mechanisms of river diversion, such as river avulsion over bedrock, or capture driven by surface runoff, are not sufficient to produce the observed diversions. The sites of diversion coincide spatially with limestone belts and reactivated fault zones, suggesting that solution‐triggered or deformation‐triggered permeability have helped breaching of interfluves. The diversions are also related temporally and spatially to the accumulation of sediment fills in the valleys, upstream of the rising structures. We infer that the breaching of the interfluves was achieved by headward erosion along tributaries fed by groundwater flow tracking from the valleys soon to be captured. Fault zones and limestone belts provided the pathways, and the aquifers occupying the valley fills provided the head pressure that enhanced groundwater circulation. The defeat of rivers crossing the rising structures results essentially from the tectonically enhanced activation of groundwater flow between catchments.     

薄层CT对肺内结节性病变的诊断价值

本文利用薄层CT扫描技术,对支气管微细结构和改变,对肺内结节性病变大小、边缘、钙化、CT值及定位进行观察,分析了炎性纵隔淋已结肿大的特点。对肺内不肯定结节行CT 导引下活检,可明确诊断。切凹征、胸膜牵拉征、小泡征、小蜘蛛状改变、血管聚集等对肺癌的定性诊断具有重要价值。     

Surface changes on a landslide affected high bluff in Dunaszekcső (Hungary)

This article presents results from the survey conducted on Dunaszekcs? loess bluff after the last major rotational sliding event in 2008. The study area is a region of 25×30 m located on loess bluff close to the recent scarp. The relative elevation change of the surface was surveyed in 2.5×5 m grid network in relation to a marked base point. The survey was conducted using simple equipment such as analogue theodolite and leveller with regular time interval during a year and control measurements were taken after six months. It was assumed that measurements to the nearest cm are sufficient to recognize vertical displacements of the surface. The study focused on identifying the pattern of general vertical movements for the study area by the relative movements of individual points. Our results show significant cm scale vertical displacements. Most of the grid points have a slow decreasing tendency, but close to the scarp a more significant displacement was found. The main character of the spatial pattern is subsidence, which is more definitive on southern part of the study area than the northern part. Our observations correlate with the broader geomorphological characteristics of loess bluffs along the Danube.     

青海省矿产资源开发存在问题及建议

青海省在矿产开发中存在资源高消耗、开发程度低、综合利用率低、加工制造业规模小产值低的“一高三低”现象。建议尽快对矿产资源实行产权管理,显化其价值,加大地勘工作投入,合理开发矿产资源,使矿业发挥出更大的社会和经济效益。     

安徽宁国胡乐地区奥陶系层序地层学初探

宁国市胡乐镇鸿门—将军岭段新开公路旁奥陶系宁国组出露完好,通过对该段地层进行连续观察和分析研究,发现存在Ⅱ型不整合面、海侵面、最大海泛面等重要的地层界面,以及鲍玛序列、复理石建造等典型的沉积特征。根据海平面变化、地壳沉降和沉积物补给关系,采用基本层序调查方法,将该区奥陶纪地层层序划分为A、B、C、D、E5个层序。其中只有2个(C、E)为完整层序,其余3个(A、B、D)为不完整层序。研究表明,该地区奥陶系为深水盆地沉积,纵向岩性变化小,多数缺失低水位沉积,反映当时海平面升降变化幅度较小,但节奏性的韵律变化仍较明显。     

滩间山金矿引裂构造特征

滩间山金矿产于柴北缘裂谷西段的裂肩部位,在裂谷活动期后余动下,引生了主干断裂、次级断裂、裂隙的配置构造系列,为金矿的形成起到了导矿、容矿作用。     

西准噶尔萨吾尔地区Ⅰ型花岗岩同位素精确定年及其意义

西准噶尔萨吾尔地区地处新疆阿勒泰地区吉木乃县及塔城地区和丰县。区内酸性侵入岩较发育,森塔斯岩体中二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为328．2±5．7Ma(1σ),沃肯萨拉岩体中二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为323．8±6．2Ma(1σ),塔斯特岩体二长花岗岩全岩~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄为313．6±3．2Ma(1σ),形成于早石炭世晚期。各岩体均具有Ⅰ型花岗岩特征,岩石偏碱性,Nd、Sr、Pb同位素显示出其幔源特征,具正常O同位素组成。森塔斯岩体、沃肯萨拉岩体和塔斯特岩体属于后碰撞花岗岩,其形成表明早石炭世晚期萨吾尔地区乃至西准噶尔地区已处于后碰撞构造环境,它们可能是后碰撞阶段挤压-伸展转变期的产物。森塔斯岩体、沃肯萨拉岩体和塔斯特岩体的岩石地球化学特征与准噶尔地区已知的Ⅰ型花岗岩(成岩年龄为300Ma左右)相似,但其发育显示准噶尔地区后碰撞Ⅰ型花岗岩的形成应始于早石炭世晚期。研究区早石炭世晚期后碰撞Ⅰ型花岗岩的确定为区域晚古生代地壳的垂向增生提供了新的证据。