InSAR复影像配准方法与实践

利用合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术获取地表三维信息的研究，受到世界各国的广泛关注。高精度复影像配准是InSAR数据处理的关键步骤，其结果直接影响生成干涉相位的质量，进而影响获取数字高程模型的精度。本文采用相干系数法进行粗配准，采用基于相干系数拟合的方法进行精配准，可以实现复影像数据的高精度配准。经机载和星载数据的试验验证，该方法有效可行且运算效率高，具有实用性。     

南宁市郊周边农田土壤-农作物系统重金属元素迁移特征及其影响因素

通过采集南宁市郊农田中玉米、蔬菜、水稻可食部分及其根系土150组,研究重金属元素在不同土壤-农作物系统中迁移特征及其影响因素,结果表明:根系土中Hg、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn平均含量分别为0.116、0.202、56.76、22.12、14.49、25.18和56.28 mg·kg-1。农作物对应平均含量分别为0.001 1、0.037、0.054、1.153、0.205、0.011和9.37 mg·kg-1。根系土富集因子表明Cd受到不同程度人为活动影响,Cr和Ni主要受地质背景控制;不同作物系统元素富集因子表明Pb在土壤-农作物系统中迁移能力最低,Zn迁移能力最强。Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn在土壤-水稻系统重迁移能力显著高于蔬菜和玉米。根系土中pH、CaO、有机质、Fe2O3、K2O、MgO与重金生物富集系数呈显著性负相关,但在土壤-叶类蔬菜系统中根系土中K2O、MgO与Hg生物富集系数呈显著正相关。      

Suitability analysis for topographic factors in loess landslide research: a case study of Gangu County,China

Loess Plateau is one of the ecologically fragile regions in China. It is one of the slippery strata of which landslides often developed. The formation and development of landslides are mainly affected by various natural environments, triggering factors, the vulnerability of landslide-bearing bodies, and topography has a controlling effect on landslides and determines landslide distribution. As important environmental elements, the selection and reclassification of topographic factors are the basis for loess landslide vulnerability map. In this study, our research suggests an effective workflow to select and analyze the topographic factors in the loess landslides. Nine hazard-formative environmental factors [e.g., slope, aspect, slope shape (SS), slope of slope (SOS), slope of aspect (SOA), surface amplitude (SA), surface roughness (SR), incision depth (ID) and elevation variation coefficient (EVC)] are prepared for landslide suitability analysis. The models of certainty factor, sensitivity index and correlation coefficient are combined to select and analyze the suitability of these factors. Four topographic factors (i.e., slope, SOS, SS and SR) were ultimately selected to carry out the landslide vulnerability mapping with other factors. Our results showed that most of the landslides were located in medium and high classes and accounting for 75.3%, and these places also coincided with higher economies and intense human activities. Our research also suggested that in situ measurements are necessary to determine how to reclassify these topographic factors and how many grades these topographic factors divided, which would further improve the reliability of landslide vulnerability map for the decision makers to deal with the possible future landslides in terms of safety and human activities.     

Study on acoustic emission characteristics of sandstone under different fracture modes

To investigate the characteristics of the sandstones under two fracture modes which are tensile fracture and shear fracture, we proposed three-point bending test and a modified shear test. Meanwhile, numerical simulations using particle flow code (PFC) and acoustic emission (AE) analysis are performed to obtain their differences. The AE hits and amplitude analyses prove that no matter which mode, they experience obvious three stages. The AE hit curve and amplitude are lower in the first stage. Then, the curve goes up steadily and the amplitude value becomes relatively large in the second stage. Entering into the third stage, the curve increases quickly to its peak value and a lot of AE signals with higher amplitude are generated. Moreover, AE b-value analysis is also used to make crack magnitude assessment. It was obvious that the distribution of b-value curve can be divided into three stages, which are just corresponding to the division of AE hits and amplitude distributions. The b-values are diverse and fluctuating largely in stage I and then show small fluctuations and have increasing trends in the whole process in stage II whereas finally exhibit sharp down to the minimum points at the stage III. The average b-values for tensile fracture tests are in the range of 0.877–1.09 whereas for shear fracture tests are within the range of 0.815–0.876. Comparing to tensile fracture, when shear fracture occurs in the rock sample, the AE energy releases faster and the proportion of large magnitude cracks is larger. The research results in this article could make more instructive and applied value to in situ non-destructive monitoring of fissure development for engineering rock mass.     

Changes of Air–sea Coupling in the North Atlantic over the 20th Century

Changes of air–sea coupling in the North Atlantic Ocean over the 20 th century are investigated using reanalysis data,climate model simulations, and observational data. It is found that the ocean-to-atmosphere feedback over the North Atlantic is significantly intensified in the second half of the 20 th century. This coupled feedback is characterized by the association between the summer North Atlantic Horseshoe(NAH) SST anomalies and the following winter North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO). The intensification is likely associated with the enhancement of the North Atlantic storm tracks as well as the NAH SST anomalies. Our study also reveals that most IPCC AR4 climate models fail to capture the observed NAO/NAH coupled feedback.     

Machine learning-based thermokarst landslide susceptibility modeling across the permafrost region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Landslides - Thermokarst landslides (TL) caused by the thaw of ground ice in permafrost slopes are increasing on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), but the understanding of the spatially suitable...     

三沙湾亚硝酸氮、氨氮、磷酸盐的异常、机制及影响

闽东三沙湾是最典型的多河流汇入的封闭型海湾,是世界上最大的大黄鱼网箱养殖基地和全国最主要的渔业养殖基地之一,多次调查却发现该湾藻类生产量远低于其他海湾,呈现"营养多藻类少"独特的生态特征,但都没有深入讨论其机制.本研究2018-2020年采用定点和大面走航方式,调查了5项营养盐(活性硅酸盐(SiO₃-Si)、硝酸氮(NO₃-N)、亚硝酸氮(NO₂-N)、氨氮(NH₄-N)、活性磷酸盐(PO₄-P))的潮汐运动及空间分布,结果发现:(1)流域输入导致SiO₃-Si、NO₃-N落憩浓度大于涨憩浓度,并从岸向湾内随盐度增加而线性减少.(2)湾内养殖和自然生态系统输出导致NO₂-N、NH₄-N、PO₄-P涨憩浓度大于落憩浓度,洪季浓度大于枯季浓度,从岸向湾NO₂-N随盐度增加而非线性增加,NH₄-N、PO₄-P随盐度增加而平均分布等异常现象,但沿岸排污口附近NH₄-N、PO₄-P呈落憩浓度大于涨憩浓度.(3)湾内养殖和沿岸排污输入的高浓度NH₄-N、PO₄-P,是三沙湾水质严重污染和富营养化的主要原因,湾内养殖引起的高浓度NO₂-N是引起三沙湾"营养多藻类少灾害多"这一独特的生态特征的主要因素.      

陕西铧厂沟金矿南矿带构造叠加晕特征及深部找矿方向

陕西略阳铧厂沟金矿Au Ⅰ矿体主要赋存于泥盆系三河口群第一岩性段第二岩性层中-薄层状微晶灰岩、泥质灰岩、中-厚层状结晶灰岩中。Au Ⅰ矿体作为矿山目前的主采矿体,其深部找矿方向还需要进一步研究。为指导铧厂沟金矿南矿带Au Ⅰ矿体深部找矿工作,对Au Ⅰ矿体进行了元素相关性分析、R型聚类分析以及R型因子分析和构造叠加晕研究。结果表明,As、Sb为前缘晕元素组合,Au、Ag、Pb为近矿晕元素组合,W、Sn、Bi为尾晕元素组合。Au Ⅰ矿体原生晕轴向分带序列从上至下为Sb-Pb-Co-Ag-As-Au。结合成矿元素空间分布特征,认为Au Ⅰ矿体在48线—96线深部存在头尾晕叠加特征,据此提出铧厂沟金矿南矿带Au Ⅰ矿体下一步找矿方向为96线—112线深部。