强夯震动影响的观测与评价

强夯震动的监测及其对周围建筑物影响的评价是建筑施工碰到的一个实际问题，本文给出强务震动的一些观测和研究结果。     

Elemental concentrations and their size distributions of Beijing aerosol in January

Aerosol sampling was carried out at a city centre site and a suburb site in Beijing in January 1983. PIXE (Proton Induced X-ray Emission) compatible cascade impactors were employed. The samples were analysed for 20 elements by PIXE in Fudan University. It has been found that most of the elements have bi-mode size distributions with a gradual progression from mainly coarse mode Ca, Ti and Al to mainly fine mode Zn, As and Pb. Elements Cl, K, S and Si show most obvious bi-mode, of which Si and S are particularly interesting. The concentrations of coarse mode aerosol in the city centre are about 1.4 times as large as that in the suburb for most of the elements, while the concentrations of fine mode aerosol in the city centre differ greatly from that in the suburb and vary significantly among elements, indicating some industrial sources. The enrichment factors of elements indicate that the coal smoke has a large-scale influ-ence in North China.     

DILATION-CREEP MODEL OF EARTHQUAKE SOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND THE TANGSHAN EARTHQUAKE

The article has made a simple exposition of the dilation-creep modelof earthquake source development(abbreviated DC).Inelastic volumetricdilation of rock masses and fault creep are considered as two basic phys-ical processes in the DC model.The physical mechanism of precursors ofthe M=7.8 Tangshan earthquake has also been analysed and discussed inthis paper.The results show that the precursors of the Tangshan earth-quake were not caused by only one factor and the precursors observed in-and around the epicentral area prior to this earthquake can be grouped into three types.TypeⅠprecursors may be causally related to rock dilata-ncy.TypeⅡprecursors result from fault creep.TypeⅢprecursors maybe associated with some sort of upward migration of mass in the crust orthe upper mantle,and/or may be attributed to large scale stressing processaccommodated by some combination of stable slippage and discontinuousbrittle rupture(namely small earthquake)along the faults.It was sug-gested that repeated dilation and discontinuous creep occurred during theprocess of source development of the Tangshan earthquake and the prepa-ratory process of the Tangshan earthquake can be divided into the follo-wing six phases:elastic stress accumulation(from 1954 to 1967);earlyinelastic dilation(from 1968 to 1969);early fault creep(from 1970 to1973);the second dilation(from the end of 1973 to the first half of 1975);the second evident fault creep(from the second half of 1975 to the end ofApr.1976);and fault creep just before the main shock(from the end ofApr.1976 to the occurrence of the Tangshan earthquake).It is regardedhat the preparatory process of the Tangshan earthquake,as one of the intraplate events,may be controlled jointly by the upward migration ofdeep mass and large scale intraplate stress field.This characteristic prob-ably is different from that of earthquake along plate boundary.     

“三带”天气系统交会和引潮力共振对华北特大暴雨形成的影响

分析、研究华北和邻近的辽宁地区曾发生过的“58.7”、“63.8”、“75.8”和“30.8”等4次罕见特大暴雨,结果表明,它们的气象学成因都是由于热带、副热带、西风带三种不同性质的天气系统的特定配置,引起暖湿气流和干冷气流在本区交绥所致。而这些天气系统的特定配置又与引潮力共振的特定迭加有密切联系。尤其是在暴雨天气形势具备之后,如果华北继续遇引潮力共振减压的迭加,将触发罕见特大暴雨的发生。其中台风在影响本区时(假定台风登陆我国大陆时强度为35m/s),如遇一个引潮力共振减压,当天的最大日降水可达500mm左右;如一天内遇两个引潮力共振减压的迭加,则当天的最大日降水将达1000mm左右。     

龙井茶生长环境的地球化学研究

地球化学环境同地理景观、气候条件等是决定名优特产分布及其品质的主要因素。本文应用了勘查地球化学方法和技术,研究着称于世的西湖龙井茶的分布及其质量与下伏岩石以及土壤地球化学特征间的关系。结果表明,土壤类型、性质及其元素全量和有效量直接影响到龙井茶的质量,而土壤地球化学特征又与成土母岩具一定的关系,因此,基于岩石土壤的地球化学调查可以科学地进行土地利用规划,指导茶园合理施肥,科学管理。     

规划CAD数据到GIS数据的分类组织研究

数据组织是CAD与GIS的主要区另4之一，本文主要根据规划CAD数据和GIS数据的特点，研究规划CAD数据到GIS数据的分类和编码。     

Slope instability phenomena in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Permafrost covers a significant area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Slope instability problem in the region was often neglected, though it plays important roles in engineering construction and landform processes. In this paper, the slope instability phenomena in the permafrost regions on the plateau are discussed. The slope failures often occur in the forms of thaw-induced landslides and gelifluction. Thaw-induced landslides are closely related to active layer detachment and changes of permafrost conditions. Such landslides include retrogressive flow and thaw slump and are hazardous to engineering constructions. Gelifluction includes deep-seated movement and surface movement. It is an important factor in landform planation because it may spread over a large area and remain active for a long period of time.     

地震激发井深与品质因数的关系

通过对地震波在近地表附近双源传递机理的研究,论述了品质因数与激发井深的关系,并根据不同地区、不同品质因数,其地震波最大激发能量、最大信噪比与激发井深的关系曲线,给出了相应的激发深度.三维地震实例表明,地震波在近地表附近的双源传递与品质因数是选择地震波激发井深的重要因素,另外激发频率的增大,对激发井深的影响程度随之增大;观测同样频率的地震信号,存在小Q值地震波激发井深较大Q值激发井深相应变小的特点.     

Sr, Nd and O isotope geochemistry of the mafic-ultramafic complexes in the southern margin of the Altay orogenic belt and discussion of their sources

The Sr, Nd and O isotopic compositions of the Kalatongke and Xibodu mafic-ultramafic complexes from the southern margin of the Altay orogenic belt show that they have similar isotopic compositions, characterized by low (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr), and high ε _Nd(t) values (6.3–9.1). It suggests that they were derived from a depleted asthenospheric mantle. However, most of the samples have δ ¹⁸O values >6‰ (5.4‰–10.2‰), indicating crustal contamination. A combination of Sr and O isotopic data shows the incorporation of crustal materials into the depleted mantle. They were produced by the melting of depleted mantle by the incorporation of subducted oceanic crust, and this incorporation might have occurred in the Early Paleozoic in the light of their Nd model ages and regional tectonics. The Kalatongke complex might have undertaken the contamination of the upper crust whereas the Xibodu complex does not have any signature of contamination of the upper crust. In addition, the similarities of the sources of the two complexes, which were located at the northern and southern sides of the regional Irtysh fault zone respectively, suggest that this fault might not be the boundary between the Altay and Junggar orogenic belts. Translated from Geological Review, 2006, 52(1): 38–42 [译自: 地质论评]     

基于数学优化方法的全站仪设站研究

文中提出了一种数学优化方法对大射电望远镜(Large Radio Telescope)LT5 m模型中用于跟踪测量的全站仪的站点坐标进行修正.目的是为了提高全站仪的设站精度,从而进一步提高其跟踪测量精度.实验表明,应用该方法使得全站仪的测量精度由原来的最大误差5 mm降低至最大误差为1 mm.达到了预期的目的.