多沙河流造床流量研究

在综述和分析前人有关造床流量研究成果的基础上,根据多沙河流的特点,提出了一种适用于多沙河流造床流量计算的水沙综合频率法.通过黄河、永定河水沙资料的分析,结果比较合理.     

对建立遥感估产模式的几点初步认识

本文从分析遥感光谱参数的生物学意义着手，论证了正确建立遥感估产模型的可能途径。对几种有代表性的遥感估产模型作了分析，作者认为把可见光、近红外波段的遥感信息与热红外信息有机结合是解决遥感估产模型的最佳方案。对ＮＯＡＡ－ＡＶＨＲＲ的第１通道与第２通道光谱数值进行非朗伯体特性的纠正是必要的。遥感估产模型不仅可以使估产的空间尺度大大缩小而且参数数目亦可大大减小，更有利于实际运行。     

Physicochemical Conditions of the Formation of Beryl and Aquamarin in Mufushan Granopegmatite Deposit,Hunan Province,China

The formation of the Mufushan granopegmatite was closely related to the Late Yenshanian multiphase and multistage magmatic activities,More than one generation of beryl and aquamarine occur in different types of pegmatite in the granites.The presence of melt and melt-fluid inclusions strongly indicates a melt-solution character of the pegmatitic magma.Forming temperatures of the different generations of beryl in a Na^ -K^ ,Ca^2 -CO3^2--Cl^--SO4^2- solution ranges from 990℃to 200℃.Aquamarine was formed at 720-180℃.The contents of alkali metals(Na^ K^ )in th ore-formming solution of aquamarine are lower than those in the beryl,but the contents of alkali earths(Ca) and salinity are higher,The granite was generated by remelting of the basement formation(meta-sedimentary rocks of the Lengjiaxi Group)which also served as the source of ore-forming material.Beryllium in the pegmatite was transported mainly in the form of Na[Be(CO3)2],with part of it being complexed with Cl^- and SO4^2-.During the generation and evolution of the pegmatite,equilibrium might have been reached in the solid-melt-fluid or solid-fluid system.The intergranular solutions may have reacted with the early crystallized minerals,resulting in potash-feldsparization,albitization and muscovitization during which the ore-forming elements were mobilized and transported in favour of ore deposition.     

浙江杭嘉湖平原区土壤中营养元素丰缺状况的评价

根据杭嘉湖平原区区域地球化学调查的结果,对本区土壤中农作物营养元素含量及有效量特征进行了评价研究。研究结果表明,本区土壤中营养元素除Mo、S含量表现缺乏外,其它元素为足量和丰富水平。不同土壤中营养元素有效量水平存在明显差异。在区域分布规律上,营养元素的含量及有效量随成土母质、成土过程和人类耕作等因素的不同而显示其差异特征。评价研究结果为本区农业生产中的合理区划、科学施肥、合理种植、土壤改良等提供了重要的地球化学依据。     

Estimates of fracture parameters of earthquakes

A new estimate of the fracture parameters of earthquakes is provided in this paper. By theMuskhelishvili method (1953) a number of basic relations among fracture-mechanics parameters are derived. A scheme is proposed to evaluate the slip weakening parameters in terms of fault dimension, average slip, and rise time, and the new results are applied to 49 events compiled in the earthquake catalogue ofPurcaru andBerckhemer (1982). The following empirical relations are found in the paper: $$\begin{gathered} \frac{{\tau _B - \tau _f }}{{\tau _\infty - \tau _f }} = 2.339 \hfill \\ {{\omega _c } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\omega _c } {W = 0.113}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {W = 0.113}} \hfill \\ \log G_c \left( {{{dyne} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{dyne} {cm}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {cm}}} \right) = 2 \log L (km) + 6.167 \hfill \\ \log \delta _c (cm) = 2 \log L (km) - 1.652 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ whereG _c is the specific fracture energy,ω _c the size of the slip weakening zone,δ _c the slip weakening displacement,τ _B ?τ _f the drop in strength in the slip weakening zone,τ _∞?τ _f the stress drop,L the fault length, andW the fault width. The investigation of 49 shocks shows that the range of strength dropτ _B ?τ _f is from several doze to several hundred bars at depthh<400 km, but it can be more than 10³ bars ath>500 km; besides, the range of the sizeω _c of the strength degradation zone is from a few tenths of a kilometer to several dozen kilometers, and the range of the slip weakening displacementδ _c is from several to several hundred centimeters. The specific fracture energyG _c is of the order of 10⁸ to 10¹¹ erg cm^?2 when the momentM ₀ is of the order of 10²³ to 10²⁹ dyne cm.     

热带气旋强度预报的DTS方案

本文从动力-热力学方程出发。得到反映热带气旋强度变化的参数和几个物理因子.然后对这些因子和热带气旋强度变化之间的关系用统计方法进行处理,得到热带气旋强度变化的预报方程.124个历史样本的拟合结果和1981年台风的试报情况表明,线性模型的预报方程具有一定的预报能力.     

论太行山构造岩浆带的岩浆来源及其成因

本文以太行山构造岩浆带及其东西两侧断陷盆地的地质特征及深部探测资料为依据，探讨远离俯冲板内构造岩浆带中岩浆的成因、来源及侵位机制。提出了韧性流变－岩浆隆起模式。认为在区域构造应力场和地幔位势差、密度差的控制下?隆升的造山带剥蚀物向两侧断陷盆地搬运，而中下地壳则沿深部向山根缓倾的韧性拆离带迁移到造山带的深部，并在拆离剪切作用及流体的参与下形成深熔岩浆，这种深熔岩浆，在沿陡倾剪切带上侵过程中，不断与中     

新的太阳系起源假说——再论巨星依次分离说

本文以太阳系星球的物质状态、形态面貌、体积、物质密度、运动速度、运动方向和角动量等作为根据,研究它们在宇宙空间上的分布特点、相互关系、内在联系以及规律的基础上,提出太阳系(乃至宇宙星球)是在46亿年前,宇宙中一个巨大灼热的星球,在高速度左旋旋转(公转和自转)运动的过程中,从尾部分离出来的物质,经过……恒星、行星和卫星依次波状旋转分离运动产生的。     

富硫尾矿对矿渣水化反应生成钙矾石的影响

用红外光谱、X射线衍射和扫描电子显微等现代微观微区测试手段，对高炉矿渣及含硫高的矿山尾矿砂混合体系的水化反应过程进行检测和分析，了解这一过程中新、旧物相的变化情况，通过对主要新生相钙矾石的生长和生成量的检测，选出理想的激发剂和合适的养护时间，从而给出以高炉矿渣作粘合剂，以富硫尾矿砂作骨料研制新型建筑材料的具体工艺条件。     

改进的钢筋混凝土结构双参数地震破坏模型

本文在分析现有结构地震破坏模型的基础下，提出了一种改进掇参数地震破坏模型。文中采用三线退化型恢复力模型对实际钢筋混凝土结构在实际地震作用下的变形与累积耗能，极限变形与极限滞回耗能进行了分析，通过模型计算的破损结果与实际在结果的对比，研究了模型参数，从而建立了钢筋混凝土结构的双参数地震破坏模型。