洛川黄土剖面末次冰期间冰段弱古土壤 (L1 SS1)分子化石及其古植被与古环境*

利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对连续取样的洛川黄土剖面弱古土壤层(L₁ SS₁)和相邻黄土层(L₁LL₁,L₁LL₂)的分子化石进行了检测,获得正构烷烃、正烷基-2-酮和酰胺等种类众多、丰度较高的分子化石。W_草/植=nC₃₁/(nC₂₇+nC₂₉+nC₃₁),W_木/植=(nC₂₇+nC₂₉)/(nC₂₇+nC₂₉+nC₃₁)和W_木/草=(nC₂₇+nC₂₉)/nC₃₁记录了草本与植被、木本与植被、木本与草本比例变化规律的古植被信息。检测样品的CPI值为5.60~11.50,地质作用影响较小;通过磁化率、粒度和分子化石指标的相关性分析,认为磁化率、粒度记录了环境变化及主要气候事件(相关系数达-0.81);而分子化石能较好地反映古植被变化。当气候环境由干冷向温湿变化、水热配置条件改善时,植被变化响应较迅速;当环境恶化、转向干冷时,响应较弱或滞后,这种现象可能是由于植被生态系统稳定性造成的结果。整个研究剖面段样品以nC₃₁为主峰的高碳数优势,分子化石表明末次冰期间冰段洛川地区(黄土高原)发育草本植被而没有出现以森林为主的植被。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北缘侏罗纪延安组、直罗组泥岩微量、稀土元素地球化学特征及其古沉积环境意义

沉积岩的微量元素及稀土元素对沉积环境的水介质变化有着较高的敏感度,是研究古沉积环境及沉积物源构造背景的有效手段。本文采用ICP-MS和扫描电镜(SEM)对鄂尔多斯北缘早-中侏罗世延安组、直罗组不同层位的28件泥岩、粉砂质泥岩样品进行了微量、稀土元素测试和粘土矿物分析,结合古生物化石组合及宏观沉积特征,旨在探讨延安组、直罗组氧化-还原条件、源区构造背景及古气候演变对铀成矿的影响。研究表明:1元素B、Sr/Ba、B/Ga组合及U/Th、V/V+Ni、V/Cr、Ni/Co组合指示延安组、直罗组沉积时的古水体介质均为富氧的淡水环境,直罗组古水体盐度相对偏高;Fe~(2+)/Fe~(3+)指示延安组成煤、成岩阶段形成了区域性的原生还原层,而直罗组上段红层为强氧化背景。2沉积学研究表明延安期至直罗期,鄂尔多斯盆地北缘岩相古地理演化经历了河流-冲积扇、湖泊三角洲-沼泽、辫状河-曲流河,Sr、Cu、Sr/Cu、FeO/MnO、Al_2O_3/MgO等比值和粘土矿物组合垂向变化总体上反映古气候经历了温暖潮湿—干湿交替—干旱-半干旱的转变过程,直罗组底部不整合及上段红层广泛发育期为转换的关键时期;3CIA、ICV指数反映延安组物源区构造环境相对稳定,中侏罗世直罗期,鄂尔多斯盆地周缘构造活动性迅速增强;4沉积岩La-Th-Sc、La/Yb-ΣREE及F1-F2判别图解显示本研究区延安组、直罗组沉积物源主要来自上地壳长英质源区,同时具有一定量的碱性玄武岩的混合,其构造背景以大陆边缘型为主,部分物源显示来自大陆岛弧构造背景。以上综合研究表明:延安期-直罗期古气候的转变和富氧古水体条件对本区煤、砂岩型铀大规模成矿作用有着重要的地质意义。     

新疆北部晚古生代大规模岩浆成矿的地球动力学背景和战略找矿远景

新疆北部石炭-二叠纪存在大规模岩浆成矿作用,但对成矿地球动力学机制缺乏系统认识。在前人工作和我们近年来工作的基础上,文中扼要总结了我们新的初步认识,旨在为深化研究奠定思想基础。文中指出新疆北部泥盆-石炭纪岩浆活动和成矿作用是板块构造的直接产物。石炭纪的板块消减及有关的岩浆作用可能一直持续到三叠纪。地幔柱岩浆作用的起始时间不详,可能在晚石炭世,但集中表现在二叠纪。两种岩浆构造体系在时间上的叠加和空间上的并存造就了成矿作用的集中爆发以及成矿类型上的时空变化。与之有关的成矿作用和相应的成矿类型主要有：赋存于晚泥盆世-早石炭世海相火山岩中的磁铁矿床（有火山岩浆喷溢成因的可能,但更具有夕卡岩型铁矿的特征）、泥盆纪末到早三叠世与中酸性侵入岩有关的斑岩型（夕卡岩型）铜（钼）矿床以及早二叠世与镁铁超镁铁质侵入岩有关的岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床。后者与南疆塔里木盆地已知溢流玄武岩在时代上（（280±5）Ma）的一致性意味着包括该溢流玄武岩的基性大火成岩省可能分布很广泛,波及北疆的相当地域。如这一推论能够证实,那么与之有成因联系的钒钛磁铁矿和铜镍硫化物矿化点/矿床的分布就不应只局限于已知造山带,应该分布更广。这里造山带的“成矿专属性”很有可能只是构造暴露而已。这一思路有助于我们研究新疆北部晚古生代岩浆成矿作用以及与岩浆作用有关的成矿作用,并对寻找同类矿床有战略指导意义。     

山东省矿产资源潜力评价综合信息集成技术方法探讨

矿产资源潜力评价项目要求对提交的各预测矿种成果图件及对应的文档附件进行集成汇总。根据山东省实际,利用集成软件GeoPEX和数据库软件MS SQL Server ,对16种矿产的信息集成技术方法进行探讨。通过投影转换、图件导入、文档导入等模块,建成规范化的省级矿产资源潜力评价信息集成数据库,以方便对成果进行管理、维护和利用。     

水压在底板突水中的力学作用

分析了水与水压在底板突水中的力学作用，即水对岩石的软化作用；水压对裂隙介质岩体的力学作用；水压在断层中的水楔作用；突水过程中水流的冲刷扩径作用和水压对突水的动力作用。     

Spatiotemporal trends of aridity index in Shiyang River basin of northwest China

Drought/wetness conditions are fundamental not only for agricultural production but also ecology, human health, and economic activity. Dryness/wetness is a function of precipitation, temperature, vegetation and potential evapotranspiration. Regions with low moisture are often characterized by aridity which, in turn, reflects the degree of meteorological drought. Observed climatic data from eleven meteorological stations in and around Shiyang River basin, China, were used to calculate the aridity index (AI) which was defined as the ratio of potential evapotranspiration (ET₀) to precipitation (P). ET₀ was calculated using the Penman–Monteith method. The ordinary kriging method was used to interpolate the spatial variability of ET₀, P and AI. The Mann–Kendall test with a pre-whitening method was employed using the Yue and Wang autocorrelation correction to detect temporal trends. The Theil–Sen estimator was used to estimate the slopes of trend lines. Results showed a higher AI in the north basin and a lower AI in the Qilian Mountain region. Annual ET₀ and P had increasing trends with a slope of 0.672 and 0.459 mm per year, respectively, but trends were not statistically significant for most stations. While annual AI had a slight decreasing trend with a slope of ?0.01 per year, the trend was not statistically significant for all stations. The decreasing trends in winter AI (at a rate of ?0.313/a) was more significant than that in other seasons. The study indicates that the Shiyang River basin is getting slightly wetter, especially in winter.     

Petrogenesis of highly fractionated I-type granites in the Zayu area of eastern Gangdese,Tibet: Constraints from zircon U-Pb geochronology,geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes

The Cretaceous granitoids in the middle and northern Gangdese, Tibet are generally interpreted as the products of anatexis of thickened deep crust genetically associated with the Lhasa-Qiangtang collision. This paper reports bulk-rock major element, trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic data, zircon U-Pb age data, and zircon Hf isotopic data on the Zayu pluton in eastern Gangdese, Tibet. These data shed new light on the petrogenesis of the pluton. Our SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age dates, along with LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb...     

典型南涝（旱）北旱（涝）梅雨大气环流特征差异及动力诊断分析

利用NCEP逐日再分析资料,采用合成分析和动力诊断方法比较研究了典型南涝(旱)北旱(涝)梅雨大气环流特征差异,逐一考察了近20种物理量对其主雨带位置的诊断识别能力.结果表明:典型南涝(旱)北旱(涝)梅雨极涡偏强(弱),亚欧中高纬槽脊振幅较大(小),中纬度110°E～150°E地区位势高度明显偏低(高),冷空气势力偏强(...     

Spatial distribution and source apportionment of PAHs in surficial sediments of the Yangtze Estuary, China

Spatial distribution and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface sediments of the Yangtze Estuary, especially the North Branch, have been fully investigated. PAH concentrations increased with the descending distance from the inner estuary to the adjacent sea, and varied significantly in various estuarine regions. Water currents (e.g., river runoff and ocean current) greatly affected the distribution pattern. In addition, ambient sewage and traffic also contributed to the PAH pollution in the estuary. In the adjacent sea, PAH values along the -20m isobath were higher than those along the -10m isobath due to the "marginal filter" phenomenon formed by different water currents. In most sites, PAHs had poor correlations with sediment size, but had positive correlations with total organic carbon. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis results, PAH sources were proved to be mainly from a mixture of petroleum combustion, biomass, and coal combustion.     

黄土高原南部全新世古土壤的沉积序列

Optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） dating for polymlneral fine-grained loess samples, collected in Laoguantai （LGT） section on the south of the Chinese Loess Plateau, was made by application of single-aliquot regenerative-dose （SAR） protocol. A ＇Double-SAW procedure in which aliquots are subjected to both infrared （IR） and blue stimulations was used and two sets of equivalent dose （De） determinations were produced and assumed to relate predominantly to feldspathic and quartz fine grain populations respectively, The OSL ages estimated from IRSL signals are smaller than those estimated from [post-IR] OSL signals due to the anomalous fading of feldspar IR signals, based on fading experiment, The young ages of the samples near ground surface may be originated from the post-depositional disturbance by the intensifying humanity＇s cultivation since 3.0 ka BP in the Guanzhong Basin, south of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Based on OSL dating, as well as field observations and stratigraphic correlation, we determine the chronology of the LGT Ioess-paleosol sequence. In combination with climate proxy records, it is indicated that aeolian loess deposition and pedogenesis underwent polyphase changes during the Holocene, likely to have been driven by shifts in the East Asian monsoon. This suggests that aeolian loess deposition is episodic and highly variable, with contributions from non-aeolian processes such as alluvial deposition found in the area.