冀西北水晶屯金矿地质特征及成矿作用研究

水晶屯金矿位于我国重要的金矿集中区——河北省张宣（张家口-宣化）幔枝构造区南部,是张宣地区比较有代表性的中型金矿,张宣幔枝构造演化过程中形成的一系列多期次、多阶段的褶皱和断裂构造体系对该矿的形成和演化起着重要的控制作用。该文以幔枝构造理论为指导,在总结前人资料基础上,通过野外调查,室内综合分析,认为其外围及深部仍具有较大找矿潜力。     

Petrological,geochemical and geochronological evidence for a Neoproterozoic ocean basin recorded in the Marlborough terrane of the northern New England Fold Belt

Petrological, geochemical and radiogenic isotopic data on ophiolitic‐type rocks from the Marlborough terrane, the largest (～700 km²) ultramafic‐mafic rock association in eastern Australia, argue strongly for a sea‐floor spreading centre origin. Chromium spinel from partially serpentinised mantle harzburgite record average Cr/(Cr + Al) = 0.4 with associated mafic rocks displaying depleted MORB‐like trace‐element characteristics. A Sm/Nd isochron defined by whole‐rock mafic samples yields a crystallisation age of 562 ± 22 Ma (2σ). These rocks are thus amongst the oldest rocks so far identified in the New England Fold Belt and suggest the presence of a late Neoproterozoic ocean basin to the east of the Tasman Line. The next oldest ultramafic rock association dated from the New England Fold Belt is ca530 Ma and is interpreted as backarc in origin. These data suggest that the New England Fold Belt may have developed on oceanic crust, following an oceanward migration of the subduction zone at ca540 Ma as recorded by deformation and metamorphism in the Anakie Inlier. Fragments of late Neoproterozoic oceanic lithosphere were accreted during progressive cratonisation of the east Australian margin.     

Anomaly Models of Spatial Structures for Copper-Molybdenum Ore Deposits and their Application

This paper discusses the enrichment and depletion regularities for porphyry copper-molybdenum ore deposits in different regions and varied deposit genetic types in the same area, taking three porphyry copper-molybdenum ore deposits (i.e., the Chengmenshan in Jiangxi, Wunugetushan in Inner Mongolia, Baishantang in Gansu) and two copper deposits in Gansu Province (the Huitongshan skarn deposit and Gongpoquan composite deposit) as case studies. The results show that porphyry Cu-Mo deposits or skarn copper deposits include both enrichment of the ore-forming elements and associated elements, and depletion of some lithophile dispersed elements, rare earth elements (REE) and some major elements. And the depleted elements vary with deposits, having generality and their own features. On a deposit scale, the positive anomalies of enriched elements and negative anomalies of depleted elements follow in a sequence to comprise regular anomaly models of spatial structures. The exploration in the Tongchang deposit in Jiangxi and Huitongshan deposit in Gansu suggests that anomaly models play a key role in the identification of mineral occurrences and deposits compared to one single enriched element anomaly. And the anomaly models exert a critical effect on the optimization of prospecting targets and their potential evaluation.     

城市建筑物震害三维模拟在GIS中的应用

GIS technology has been applied to building damage analysis around the world. However, most previous studies focused on the application of 2-D GIS technology, and the results from traditional earthquake damage prediction are displayed in 2-D figures and charts, which is incapable of demonstrating the 3-D spatial characteristics of buildings. Taking brick-concrete building as an example, we study the characteristics of building damage, and effectively combine the information of building textures and earthquake damage. Then, we apply Google SketchUp techniques to create building models and display them with seismic damage texture in the ArcGIS Engine software development environment. In this paper we propose a solid idea for 3-D simulation of earthquake damage, which is helpful in earthquake damage prediction, virtual emergency rescue practice and earthquake knowledge education.     

基于快速傅里叶方法的地震前兆振幅谱分析

利用FFT方法,对地电、地磁、形变及重力等前兆时间序列信号进行分析,结果显示,宝昌地震台及乌加河地震台地电两测向日均值时间序列存在3个主要谐波分量,其中周期近一年的分量物理意义明确.FFT方法在精确确定前兆时间序列中的干扰信息周期时具有较好的效果.     

Constraints on rigid zones and other distinct layers at the top of the outer core using CMB underside reflected PKKP waves

Clear PKKP, a P wave reflects off the core-mantle boundary on the core side, is recorded by the transcontinental USArray from two deep earthquakes occurred in South America and Tonga, and one intermediate-depth earthquake in the Hindu Kush region. We compare the PKKP waveforms with the direct P waves to investigate the fine structures near the core-mantle boundary, with a primary focus on the core side. We find no evidence for the existence of a sedimentary layer of lighter elements with a thickness above a few hundreds of meters beneath the reflection points of the two deep events, which are located at the Ninety-East Ridge and South Africa. On the other hand the PKKP wave duration of the Hindu Kush event is almost twice as long as that of the P wave, suggesting that multiple reflections may be occurring at the core-mantle boundary located beneath the Antarctic, which is located inside the so-called tangent cylinder of the outer core. The tangent cylinder is an imaginary cylindrical region suggested by geodynamics studies, which has different flow pattern and may have a higher concentration in lighter elements as compared to the rest of the outer core. One possible explanation of the elongated PKKP is a thin distinct layer with a thickness of a few kilometers at the top of the outer core, suggesting that precipitation of lighter elements may occur at the core-mantle boundary. Our data also indicate an extremely low Q_P of 312, approximately 40% of the PREM average (~780), within the large-scale low-velocity anomaly in the lowermost mantle beneath Pacific.     

珠江黄埔大桥模态频率连续监测中的温度影响Ⅰ:频率识别

为研究环境温度对珠江黄埔大桥频率监测的影响,首先要对大桥模态频率进行连续识别。珠江黄埔大桥上架设的监测系统为强震动台阵,相较于其他健康监测系统测点较少,因此,应基于强震动台阵系统的特点,选取合适的方法对大桥频率进行识别。本文通过对比分析平均正则化功率谱法(ANPSD)、频域分解法(FDD)和协方差驱动的随机子空间法(Cov-SSI)的识别结果,择优应用于珠江黄埔大桥的频率自动识别中。采用珠江黄埔大桥强震动台阵记录的2013年4月至11月加速度响应数据进行频率识别,识别结果可用于观测和研究大桥频率在环境影响下的波动情况。     

沙尘影响下海雾过程气溶胶和雾水组分特征

对2010年3月广东湛江东海岛海雾外场观测试验中获得的雾水样本和气溶胶资料进行分析,研究了海雾中气溶胶和雾水组分的特性以及沙尘过程对其演变的影响。结果表明：东海岛的气溶胶数浓度比内陆城市低1个数量级,环境相对清洁,其早晚的峰值明显,午后存在一个低值。气溶胶谱呈单峰分布,峰值半径为0.02~0.1 μm。雾日的气溶胶数浓度明显低于非雾日,最大值分别集中在0.05~0.1 μm和0.1~0.5 μm。雾过程开始后气溶胶数密度下降,尤其是小粒子端数密度减少显著;雾过程结束后气溶胶数密度会恢复到正常数值。受沙尘影响的过程中雾水中Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺明显增加,气溶胶粒子谱拓宽,直径大于1μm的气溶胶数密度高于其他雾过程;沙尘过境后气溶胶谱变窄,数密度显著减少,离子浓度较低。     

断裂对塔北地区哈拉哈塘油田奥陶系非暴露岩溶缝洞型储集层的控制作用*

塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐岩缝洞型储集层形成机理复杂,非均质性极强。当前以塔河油田为代表的潜山风化壳缝洞型储集层是碳酸盐岩地层暴露地表受到大气淡水淋滤所形成的,而在塔北地区哈拉哈塘油田奥陶系发育的非暴露区仍存在大量非暴露岩溶缝洞型储集层。在充分认识该油田区域构造背景的基础上,选取油田非暴露区典型区块,应用岩石学、地球化学等资料,对非暴露岩溶缝洞型储集层进行研究。研究认为:(1)大气淡水是非暴露区岩溶作用最关键的岩溶流体,岩溶储集层的形成并不受热液影响;(2)非暴露区存在“三期三级”构造缝和“两期三级”走滑断裂,断裂及伴生构造裂缝是非暴露区岩溶缝洞型储集层发育的必要条件;(3)从断裂对岩溶的控制出发将缝洞型储集层细分为早期断裂和明河双控洞穴、晚期断控洞穴、早期裂缝孔洞和晚期微裂缝孔洞4类;(4)非暴露区非暴露缝洞型储集层先后经历了加里东中期断裂发育、良里塔格组水系下切溶蚀、晚加里东—早海西期断裂发育3个主要过程。此研究深化了非暴露缝洞型储集层的形成机理,并在一定程度上拓宽了非暴露区岩溶储集层勘探开发的思路。     

基于GF-1遥感影像的艾比湖区域田间尺度土壤盐渍化监测方法

土壤盐渍化是制约农业生产和发展的主要障碍。目前土壤盐渍化的遥感监测主要基于中、低分辨率卫星影像,并采用传统的基于像元分类方法,对盐渍化信息的细节描述不足,监测精度不高。本文使用国产GF-1影像,结合自上而下的多尺度分割技术和面向对象的信息提取技术,针对田间尺度下的盐渍化信息进行精确地提取、分类,并与传统分类方法进行了对比。结果表明：面向对象法和最大似然法的分类总体精度分别为92.72%和84.31%,Kappa系数分别为0.90和0.78。该技术能准确提取田间尺度下的盐渍地信息,在未来的农田盐渍化高精度监测研究中具有一定应用价值和发展潜力。