甘肃瓜州锁阳城南雅丹地貌区起沙风况与输沙势特征

以2016-2018年定位气象观测数据为依据,分析了甘肃瓜州锁阳城南雅丹地貌区的起沙风况及输沙势变化情况。结果表明:(1)研究区起沙风由两组风向近似相反的风所组成,主风向为NE-E,占全年起沙风的68.86%,次风向为WSW-WNW向,占27.67%;(2)年平均起沙风频率为19.0%,春季和夏季起沙风频率最高,分别占全年的33.57%和34.69%,各季起沙风向分布特征基本一致;(3)研究区风况类型为高风能环境和中等风向变率的钝双峰型风况。输沙势的大小和方向变率具有明显的季节性,春、夏季的总输沙势(DP)和合成输沙势(RDP)较高,夏季和冬季的方向变率RDP/DP值较高,合成输沙方向(RDD)245.45°~253.01°(WSW);(4)研究区雅丹地貌长轴走向与主输沙方向一致,说明风力是其形成的主要动力条件。     

植被盖度对沙丘风沙流结构及风蚀量的影响

以科尔沁沙地不同植被盖度沙丘为研究对象,采用野外可移动风洞进行原位测试,开展了沙丘植被盖度对风沙流输沙率影响的研究,探讨了地表风蚀量与风速及植被盖度的关系。结果表明：空气动力学粗糙度随植被盖度增加先平缓后剧烈,与植被盖度相关关系呈三次函数增长。在各植被盖度下各层输沙率均随高度增加而递减,随风速增加而递增。同一植被盖度下风蚀量随风速增加而增大,符合幂函数或二次函数关系,但二次函数相关性更高。同一风速下风蚀量随植被盖度的增加呈阶梯式降低,在盖度小于27%时风蚀量平缓下降,盖度27%~43%时风蚀量急剧下降,盖度43%以上时风蚀量下降重新趋于平缓。相对截留率随风速增大而减小,随植被盖度增加而增大,沙丘草本植被盖度43%以上时具有较好的防风固沙效果,此时平均截留率达88.02%。     

DNA barcoding of the family Sparidae along the coast of China and revelation of potential cryptic diversity in the Indo- West Pacific oceans based on COI and 16S rRNA genes

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Sparids are of considerable economic importance in marine fishery and aquaculture in China, and the species diversity of this group is considered relatively...     

省级信息化测绘体系顶层设计刍议

首先,综述了我国信息化建设历程和信息化测绘体系建设历程,提出信息化测绘体系建设的"四个阶段";其次,分析了多省信息化测绘体系建设现状及问题;最终,提出了省级信息化测绘体系顶层设计方法及可适用于多省情况的"多基地版"和"单基地版",包含大数据中心在内的信息化测绘体系省级顶层设计方案。     

航海通告自动获取系统的设计与实现

目前,从互联网获取航海通告数据是提高海图产品现势性、保障舰船航行安全的主要途径之一。基于对国内外网站特点、网页结构及网络爬虫技术、数据库技术的研究,提出了自动获取航海通告网页数据的总体方案;通过研发应用系统,实现了通告爬取、数据整理、数据库管理等主要功能。测试结果表明:较之传统工作方式,利用该系统获取的航海通告数据具有准确性、完整性、实时性和高效性,将为海图一体化生产体系提供更高质量的基础数据源支持。     

线性光谱混合模型的适用观测尺度分析

线性光谱混合模型是目前应用最广泛的光谱混合模型,但由于遥感观测多分辨率的特点,模型的适用性会受到尺度效应的影响。为探索该模型在不同观测尺度下的适用程度,本文从地物辐射原理出发,通过理论推导微面元辐射通量表达式,得出地物辐射通量除了与端元反射率和面积比有关外,也与天顶角存在显著的非线性关系。因此,在线性光谱混合模型和微面元辐射通量的基础上,推导了更具普适性的积分线性光谱混合模型的表达式,再采用数值模拟的方法,计算了两模型的相对差值Δρ,结果表明Δρ的大小仅与探测单元的半瞬时视场角β有关,并通过实测光谱实验对上述推论进行了验证。研究表明,当β13°时,Δρ较小,线性光谱混合模型是积分线性光谱混合模型的一种近似表达形式,β完全可作为确定线性光谱混合模型适用观测尺度的关键依据,并且该模型的适用程度随β的增大而降低。     

长江口及其邻近海域悬浮颗粒物浓度和粒径的时空变化特征

长江口是典型的高浊度河口,长江口及其邻近海域悬浮颗粒物（suspended particulate matter,SPM）浓度跨度大,泥沙过程活跃、复杂。2015年7月9-20日（洪季）和2016年3月7-19日（枯季）,使用OBS和LISST分别测定了该区域99个和89个站位的SPM浊度、光衰减系数、总体积浓度、平均粒径和粒径谱等参数;同时通过现场过滤测定了各站位表、中、底3层的SPM质量浓度以及典型站位SPM中颗粒有机碳（particulate organic carbon,POC）的δ13C、颗粒氮（particulate nitrogen,PN）的δ15N以及POC/PN摩尔比值。结果表明,浊度、光衰减系数、总体积浓度等3个参数均与SPM质量浓度显示出了显著的正相关关系。研究区域SPM平均粒径一般表层大于底层、枯季大于洪季;长江淡水端元输出的SPM粒径枯季也明显大于洪季。具有相似粒径谱特征的SPM可以通过测定δ13C和δ15N值来进一步区分其来源和组成。SPM质量浓度和总体积浓度等参数结合还可以计算SPM有效密度,用以了解研究区域SPM的沉降过程。结果表明两个季节SPM有效密度和粒径之间显示出了显著的负相关关系,说明枯季长江输出的SPM由于粒径大、密度小、沉降速度低,加之强烈的垂直混合和口门拦门沙附近的再悬浮,随着环流可能到达研究区域北部的最东端;而洪季长江输出的SPM由于粒径小、密度大、沉降速度高,在口门附近快速沉降。     

深海刚性跨接管弯管强度关键影响因素研究

深海刚性跨接管是水下生产系统的关键设备,其弯管处易因应力集中导致结构失效。依照理论与规范,并结合工程实例,通过数值模拟分析对影响跨接管弯管强度的关键因素进行研究,并对各影响因素展开敏感性分析。结果表明:跨接管结构形式是影响弯管强度的主要设计因素(M型跨接管可有效降低弯管的结构应力),弯管曲率半径影响较小;管道端部位移是影响弯管强度的主要载荷因素(重点分析此因素在不同方向的敏感性,发现轴向端部位移的影响最大);而工作温度对管道强度的影响很小。     

A precursive study of the time-domain survey of the Galactic Anti-center using the Nanshan 1-meter telescope with variable stars detected

Following the LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey and the Xuyi’s Photometric Survey of the Galactic Anti-center, we plan to carry out a time-domain survey of the Galactic Anti-center (TDS-GAC) to study variable stars by using the Nanshan 1-meter telescope. Before the beginning of TDS-GAC, a precursive sky survey (PSS) has been executed. The goal of the PSS is to optimize the observation strategy of TDS-GAC and to detect some strong transient events, as well as to find some short time-scale variable stars of different types. By observing a discontinuous sky area of \(15.03~\mbox{deg}^{2}\) with the standard Johnson-Cousin-Bessel \(V\) filter, 48 variable stars are found and the time series are analyzed. Based on the behaviors of the light curves, 28 eclipsing binary stars, 10 RR Lyraes, 3 periodic pulsating variables of other types have been classified. The rest 7 variables stay unclassified with deficient data. In addition, the observation strategy of TD-GAC is described, and the pipeline of data reduction is tested.     

八宝河流域土壤温度波动的时空分异

The Babao River Basin is the "water tower" of the Heihe River Basin.The combination of vulnerable ecosystems and inhospitable natural environments substantially restricts the existence of humans and the sustainable development of society and environment in the Heihe River Basin.Soil temperature(ST) is a critical soil variable that could affect a series of physical,chemical and biological soil processes,which is the guarantee of water conservation and vegetation growth in this region.To measure the temporal variation and spatial pattern of ST fluctuation in the Babao River Basin,fluctuation of ST at various depths were analyzed with ST data at depths of 4,10 and 20 cm using classical statistical methods and permutation entropy.The study results show the following: 1) There are variations of ST at different depths,although ST followed an obvious seasonal law.ST at shallower depths is higher than at deeper depths in summer,and vice versa in winter.The difference of ST between different depths is close to zero when ST is near 5℃ in March or –5℃ in September.2) In spring,ST at the shallower depths becomes higher than at deeper depths as soon as ST is above –5℃;this is reversed in autumn when ST is below 5℃.ST at a soil depth of 4 cm is the first to change,followed by ST at 10 and 20 cm,and the time that ST reaches the same level is delayed for 10–15 days.In chilling and warming seasons,September and February are,respectively,the months when ST at various depths are similar.3) The average PE values of ST for 17 sites at 4 cm are 0.765 in spring > 0.764 in summer > 0.735 in autumn > 0.723 in winter,which implies the complicated degree of fluctuations of ST.4) For the variation of ST at different depths,it appears that Max,Ranges,Average and the Standard Deviation of ST decrease by depth increments in soil.Surface soil is more complicated because ST fluctuation at shallower depths is more pronounced and random.The average PE value of ST for 17sites are 0.863 at a depth of 4 cm > 0.818 at 10 cm > 0.744 at 20 cm.5) For the variation of ST at different elevations,it appears that Max,Ranges,Average,Standard Deviation and ST fluctuation decrease with increasing elevation at the same soil depth.And with the increase of elevation,the decrease rates of Max,Range,Average,Standard Deviation at 4 cm are –0.89℃/100 m,–0.94℃/100 m,–0.43℃/100 m,and –0.25℃/100 m,respectively.In addition,this correlation decreased with the increase of soil depth.6) Significant correlation between PE values of ST at depths of 4,10 and 20 cm can easily be found.This finding implies that temperature can easily be transmitted within soil at depths between 4 and 20 cm.7) For the variation of ST on shady slope and sunny slope sides,it appears that the PE values of ST at 4,10 and 20 cm for 8 sites located on shady slope side are 0.868,0.824 and 0.776,respectively,whereas they are 0.858,0.810 and 0.716 for 9 sites located on sunny slope side.