吉辽边界梅河口-开原地段晚海西-早印支期岩浆旋回及构造意义

本区已获晚海西-早印支期花岗岩类6件锆石高精度测年数据和两件继承锆石年龄,确定了其活动时限305~242 Ma,主体分属早中三叠世岩石序列、晚二叠世岩石序列、中二叠世岩石序列相应的岩石单元.小四平岩体的年龄及其被晚三叠世地层不整合覆盖,指明古亚洲洋构造域完成在242~228 Ma间.基于上述岩石年龄及形成构造环境和邻近地区磨拉石相发育的层位,揭示古吉黑造山带晚海西-早印支期构造运动或构造-岩浆旋回具有多幕式的递进演化模式,并受显生宙泛大陆旋回所制约.     

无惩罚系数SVM高光谱影像分类算法研究

惩罚系数是支持向量机(SVM)机器学习中的一个重要参数,它的设置对分类结果有很大影响。但它没有规律可循,高光谱影像数据量大、数据复杂,为其选择合适的惩罚系数非常困难。提出无惩罚系数的SVM算法,利用最近点算法(NPA)计算二分类,对错分数据不设惩罚系数,而是对其重新构造凸集,计算最优超平面,迭代循环直到错分率达到所设的阈值为止。此算法简化了计算过程,降低了误分率。最后用AVIRIS高光谱影像进行实验,实验效果显示,本算法的分类精度和速度都得到很大提高。     

氢化物-无色散原子荧光光谱法测定微量碲

氢化物—无色散原子荧光光谱法测定黄铁矿及地球化学样品中微量碲，采用硝酸，盐酸，高氯酸分解样品，用浓盐酸将六价碲还原成四价碲，再用硼氢化钾继续还原使碲形成氢化物ＴｅＨ２，在ＡＦＳ１２０１Ｃ原子荧光光谱仪进行测定碲的检示限为０．１８μｇ／ｇ，精密度ＲＳＤ％为６．８％，该方法操作简便、快速、准确、费用低，可应用于大批量地球化学样品的分析。     

Distribution and controlling factors of phytoplankton assemblages in a semi-enclosed bay during spring and summer

The phytoplankton assemblages' patterns and their correlation to environmental factors were studied in Bohai Bay during spring and summer. Two zones, the northern (NWA) and southern (SWA) water area, were identified by cluster analysis based on their physical and chemical properties. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that more phytoplankton species was found in the SWA with low nutrient concentration, while high phytoplankton abundance occurred in the NWA with high nutrient concentration. The seasonal variability in phytoplankton can be explained by water temperature, nutrient, and hydrodynamic conditions (includes mixing during spring and stratification during summer). Results of redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that silicate (SiO(4)) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) were the most important environmental factors influencing the phytoplankton distribution during spring and summer, respectively. Hydrodynamics condition plays a key role in controlling variation of the environmental factors, which determined phytoplankton distribution in Bohai Bay.     

Effects of temperature and salinity on survival,growth and DNA methylation of juvenile Pacific abalone,Haliotis discus hannai Ino

Temperature and salinity are two of the most potent abiotic factors infl uencing marine mollusks.In this study,we investigated the individual and combined ef fects of temperature and salinity on the survival and growth of juvenile Pacifi c abalone,Haliotis discus hannai Ino,and also examined the DNA methylation alteration that may underpin the phenotypic variation of abalone exposed to dif ferent rearing conditions.The single-factor data showed that the suitable ranges of temperature and salinity were 16–28°C at a constant salinity of 32,and 24–40 at a constant temperature of 20°C,respectively.The two-factor data indicated that both survival and growth were signifi cantly af fected by temperature,salinity and their interaction.The optimal temperature-salinity combination for juveniles was 23–25°C and 30–36.To explore environment-induced DNA methylation alteration,the methylation-sensitive amplifi ed polymorphism(MSAP)technique was used to analyze the genomic methylation profi les of abalone reared in optimal and adverse conditions.Neither temperature nor salinity induced evident changes in the global methylation level,but 67 and 63 dif ferentially methylated loci were identifi ed in temperature and salinity treatments,respectively.The between-group eigen analysis also showed that both temperature and salinity could induce epigenetic dif ferentiation in H.discus hannai Ino.The results of our study provide optimal rearing conditions for juvenile H.discus hannai Ino,and represent the fi rst step toward revealing the epigenetic regulatory mechanism of abalone in response to thermal and salt stresses.     

澜沧江上游德钦县亚高山、高山草地群落类型及其特点

摘要：采用样方调查方法获得94个草地群落样方,对澜沧江上游德钦县亚高山、高山草地群落类型及其特点进行了初步分析。结果表明,该县亚高山、高山草地群落类型存在20个类型。在放牧干扰下,大多数群落类型处于退化状态,相互之间存在明显的群落替代关系;调查发现群落中每平方米内平均含8种草本植物,平均盖度62．4％,地上平均生物量是4859kg／hm^2,平均可食率为61．5％;鸢尾群落、牛旁群落和小狼毒群落是草地严重退化后形成的典型有毒害群落类型;长期的高强度放牧虽然增加了群落类型多样性,但减少了群落内物种多样性。总体而言,长期的放牧干扰降低了德钦草地的生物多样性的质量及其生态服务功能,导致草地生态系统的非持续发展。     

吉林省夹皮沟花岗岩—绿岩带成因模式探讨

通过对夹皮沟绿岩带层序、岩石成因以及叠加其上的变质变形作用特征的研究,认为绿岩带形成于硅铝壳的扩张环境;英云闪长岩—奥长花岗岩成分的花岗质片麻岩是在大陆或大陆边缘的挤压环境下,由变质镁铁质火山岩经部分熔融侵位的深成花岗质岩石。由此,提出夹皮沟花岗岩—绿岩带的裂谷成因模式。     

利用重复水准测量及重力测量计算水准面随时间的变化

本文讨论了根据重复水准、重力测量资料利用虚拟质点法计算水准面随时间的变化,提出了虚拟质点位置参数的优化方法(该法克服了司托克斯方法和配置法的缺点)。模拟计算表明,水准面位移的计算精度是很高的。     

山东半岛蓝色经济区土壤有机碳储量及固碳潜力分析

土壤碳储量研究在碳循环和全球变化中具有重要意义,但以往碳储量计算结果受到数据来源的制约。山东省多目标区域地球化学调查采用双层网格化采样和分析,获取了大密度、高精度土壤有机碳数据,为土壤碳库的准确计算奠定了基础。笔者利用这些数据计算了山东半岛蓝色经济区表层（0～20 cm）、中上层（0～100 cm）及全层（0～160 cm）的土壤有机碳（SOC）密度和储量,并对其空间分布特征及固碳潜力进行了研究。结果显示,经济区内3种土壤层次的碳库组成不同,表层SOC储量占总碳（TC）储量的71.67%,随深度增加所占比例逐渐减小,而无机碳(SIC)储量所占比例逐渐增加,全层二者所占比率较为接近:表层SOC储量为132.64 Mt,碳密度为2.06 kg/m²;中上层为458.27 Mt,碳密度为7.11 kg/m²;全层为619.96 Mt,碳密度为9.61 kg/m²。各层SOC密度处于全国偏低水平,且在不同土壤类型、地貌类型、土地利用类型之间有一定差异:褐土土表层SOC密度最高（2.48 kg/m²）,风沙土最低（0.91 kg/m²）;灌溉水田表层SOC密度最高（3.45 kg/m²）,菜地最低（1.61 kg/m²）。表层SOC密度分布总体上呈现为沿海地区低、鲁北平原和胶莱盆地中等、山地丘陵和中低山区偏高的分布格局。从第二次土壤普查和本次多目标调查数据所建立的回归方程分析发现,在今后一定时期内,本区表层土壤总体表现为“碳汇”效应,未来可净增总有机碳（TOC）量60.94 Mt,其中“碳源”量5.07 Mt,“碳汇”量65.97 Mt。