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141.
Anker Weidick Hans Oerter Niels Reeh Henrik Hjmark Thomsen Leif Thorning 《Global and Planetary Change》1990,2(3-4)
Recent subsurface mapping of parts of the Greenland Inland Ice margin in the region of Jakobshavn Isbræ indicates that the fjord system in the period of at least 2700–4700 calendar yr B.P. was more ice free than at present, and that the front of the glacier was at least 15 km behind the present position. The 14C-dating of subfossils brought to the present ice margin fit with the climatic records from ice cores and confirm the favourable conditions for Greenland's first settlers, the Sarqaq people, who arrived in the region about 400 yr ago to find hunting grounds 10–20% larger than the present. 相似文献
142.
Niels Lund 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1981,75(1):145-151
A new detector for accurate localization of the cosmic gamma-burst sources is presented. The detector is intended for satellite applications, but balloon flights will be used in the development phase. The advantages and limitations of Arctic balloon flights are discussed based on a trial flight in August 1979.Paper presented at the Symposium on Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts, held at Toulouse, France, 26–29 November, 1979. 相似文献
143.
Sigfus J. Johnsen Dorthe Dahl‐Jensen Niels Gundestrup Jrgen P. Steffensen Henrik B. Clausen Heinz Miller Valerie Masson‐Delmotte Arny E. Sveinbjrnsdottir James White 《第四纪科学杂志》2001,16(4):299-307
Oxygen isotope variations spanning the last glacial cycle and the Holocene derived from ice‐core records for six sites in Greenland (Camp Century, Dye‐3, GRIP, GISP2, Renland and NorthGRIP) show strong similarities. This suggests that the dominant influence on oxygen isotope variations reflected in the ice‐sheet records was regional climatic change. Differences in detail between the records probably reflect the effects of basal deformation in the ice as well as geographical gradients in atmospheric isotope ratios. Palaeotemperature estimates have been obtained from the records using three approaches: (i) inferences based on the measured relationship between mean annual δ18O of snow and of mean annual surface temperature over Greenland; (ii) modelled inversion of the borehole temperature profile constrained either by the dated isotopic profile, or (iii) by using Monte Carlo simulation techniques. The third of these approaches was adopted to reconstruct Holocene temperature variations for the Dye 3 and GRIP temperature profiles, which yields remarkably compatible results. A new record of Holocene isotope variations obtained from the NorthGRIP ice‐core matches the GRIP short‐term isotope record, and also shows similar long‐term trends to the Dye‐3 and GRIP inverted temperature data. The NorthGRIP isotope record reflects: (i) a generally stronger isotopic signal than is found in the GRIP record; (ii) several short‐lived temperature fluctuations during the first 1500 yr of the Holocene; (iii) a marked cold event at ca. 8.2 ka (the ‘8.2 ka event’); (iv) optimum temperatures for the Holocene between ca. 8.6 and 4.3 ka, a signal that is 0.6‰ stronger than for the GRIP profile; (v) a clear signal for the Little Ice Age; and (vi) a clear signal of climate warming during the last century. These data suggest that the NorthGRIP stable isotope record responded in a sensitive manner to temperature fluctuations during the Holocene. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
144.
Summary Comparisons of trends of global industrial productivity, Northern Hemispheric and United States annual mean temperatures, U.S. annual and summer mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures, and U.S. cloud cover suggest that the net result of the CO2/trace gas greenhouse effect and certain biologically-modulated negative feedbacks related to cloud characteristics may be a moderate increase in nighttime minimum temperatures with no change in daytime maximum values. Such a response, if verified by further studies, would likely be desirable, for it would reduce low temperature stresses on biological and mechanical systems, significantly amplify many of the positive botanical effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment, and produce few, if any, deleterious climatic effects. In a word, it may well be beneficial.With 4 Figures 相似文献
145.
Morten Rasch Niels Nielsen Christian Christiansen Thomas Balstrøm Robert Gilbert Joseph Desloges 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(2):1-11
Measurements of discharge and suspended sediment and organic matter yield from nine different drainage basins on the island Disko in central West Greenland were carried out in the period 19–30 July 1997. A series of landscape properties (glacier cover, altitude, slope, aspect and vegetation cover) were measured for each drainage basin from a digital elevation model and a satellite image. Principal Component Analysis and regression statistics have been used to examine which landscape parameters dominate the measured discharges and yields. It is concluded that differences in suspended sediment and organic matter yield between the drainage basins can be explained by the measured morphometric properties while differences in water run-off can not. Glacier cover percentage and percent area above 800 m a.s.l. were the most important parameters influencing suspended sediment and organic matter yield in the drainage basins on Disko during the study period. 相似文献
146.
Christian Christiansen Troels Aagaard Jesper Bartholdy Merete Christiansen Jørgen Nielsen Niels Nielsen 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):107-126
Average sea-level rise in the northern part of the Danish Wadden Sea has been 1.3 mm a?1 during the last 100 years but during the last 25 years a rise of 4.2 mm a?1 was observed. Concurrent with the recent sea-level rise the Skallingen barrier spit has migrated landward by 3–5 m a?1. Long term sediment budgets for each of the morphological units involved in the migration are reviewed (e.g. onshore in the shore face +90.000 m3 a?1, longshore -641.000 m3 a?1, foredunes +65,000 m3 a?1, overwash fan including shorenormal dunes +11,000 m3 a?1, spit terminus -96,000 m3 a?1, tidal flat + 10,000 m3 a?1 and backbarrier salt marsh +33,000 m3 a?1) and used to establish the relative importance of sediment transport processes involved in barrier migration. Strong interannual variations exist in the long term budget making evaluation of barrier behaviour based on short term measurements doubtful. In a cross shore sense the barrier spit is accreting in spite of the sea level rise. This is specially pronounced at an active overwash fan. However, due to substantial sediment losses to longshore transport the barrier, gets narrower and shorter during its transgressive behaviour. This may indicate that preservation of barriers in the geological record during rapid sea level rise is promoted when sediment loss to longshore transport is insignificant. 相似文献
147.
Sebastian H. Mernild Glen E. Liston Douglas L. Kane Niels T. Knudsen Bent Hasholt 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):121-136
Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 108(1):121–136, 2008 SnowModel, a physically-based snow evolution modeling system that includes four submodels—MicroMet, EnBal, SnowPack, and SnowTran-3D—was used to simulate eight full-year (1998/99 through 2005/06) evolutions of snow accumulation, blowing snow sublimation, evaporation, snow and ice surface melt, runoff, and mass changes on the entire Mittivakkat Glacier (31 km2) in southeast Greenland. Meteorological observations from two meteorological stations inside the glacier catchment were used as model input, and glaciological mass balance observations were used for model calibration (1998/99 through 2001/02) and validation (2002/03 through 2005/06) of winter snow simulations. As confirmed by observations, the spatially modeled end-of-winter snow water equivalent (SWE) accumulation increased with elevation up to 700–800 m a.s.l. in response to elevation, topography, and dominating wind direction, and maximum snow deposition occurred on the lee side of the ridge east and south of the glacier. Simulated end-of-summer cumulative runoff decreased with elevation and minimum runoff occurred on the shadowed side of the ridge east and south of the glacier. The modeled test period averaged annual mass balance was 65 mm w. eq. y?1 or ~8% more than the observed. For the simulation period, the glacier net mass balance varies from -199 to -1,834 mm w.eq. y?1, averaging -900 (±470) mm w.eq.y?1. The glacier averaged annual modeled precipitation ranged from 1,299 to 1,613 mm w.eq. y?1, evaporation and sublimation from 206 to 289 mm w.eq., and runoff from 1,531 to 2,869 mm w.eq. y?1. The model simulated Mittivakkat Glacier net loss of900 mm w.eq. y?1 contributes approximately 42% to the average simulated runoff of 2,140 mm w.eq. y?1, indicating a mean specific runoff of 67.8 l s?1 km?2. 相似文献
148.
Niels Schütze Sebastian Kloss Franz Lennartz Ahmed Al Bakri Gerd H. Schmitz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(5):1511-1521
In this contribution, we introduce a stochastic framework for decision support for optimal planning and operation of water
supply in irrigation. This consists of (1) a weather generator for simulating regional impacts of climate change on the basis
of IPCC scenarios, (2) a tailor-made evolutionary optimization algorithm for optimal irrigation scheduling with limited water
supply, (3) a mechanistic model for simulating water transport and crop growth in a sound manner, and (4) a kernel density
estimator for estimating stochastic productivity, profit, and demand functions by a nonparametric method. As a result of several
simulation/optimization runs within the framework, we present stochastic crop-water production functions (SCWPF) for different
crops which can be used as a basic tool for assessing the impact of climate variability on the risk for the potential yield
for specific crops and specific agricultural areas. A case study for an agricultural area in the Al Batinah region of the
Sultanate of Oman is used to illustrate these methodologies. In addition, microeconomic impacts of climate change and the
vulnerability of the agro-ecological system are discussed. 相似文献
149.
150.
From a nunatak in central North Greenland (81.5°N, 44.7°W) nine sites of Middle Proterozoic basic dykes, cutting Archaean basement, were palaeomagnetically investigated. After AF and thermal cleaning the nine dyke sites and three adjacently baked gneiss sites give a stable characteristic remanent mean direction of D = 265°, I = 21.5° ( N = 12, α 95 = 5.6°), the direction being confirmed by a detailed and positive baked contact test.
The polarity of the dykes in the nunatak area is opposite to that of the Zig-Zag Dal Basalts and the Midsommersø Dolerites in eastern North Greenland some 200–300 km away, the volcanics of which are assumed to be of similar age (about 1.25 Ga). The remanent directions of the two sets of data are antiparallel within the 95 per cent significance level of confidence.
When rotating Greenland 18° clockwise back to North America by the 'Bullard fit', the pole of the central North Greenland dolerites (NDL) falls at (14.3°N, 144.3°W). The reversed pole (14.3°S, 35.7°E) fits well on to the loop between 1.2 and 1.4 Ma on the apparent polar wander swath of Berger & York for cratonic North America.
The palaeomagnetic results from the Middle Proterozoic basic dykes from central North Greenland thus strengthen previous palaeomagnetic results from the Midsommersø Dolerites and Zig-Zag Dal Basalts from the Peary Land Region in eastern North Greenland, suggesting that Greenland was part of the North American craton at least for the period between c . 1.3 and 1 Ma (and probably up to the end of Cretaceous time). The major geographical meridian of Greenland was orientated approximately E–W, and the palaeo-latitude of Greenland was about 10°–15°. 相似文献
The polarity of the dykes in the nunatak area is opposite to that of the Zig-Zag Dal Basalts and the Midsommersø Dolerites in eastern North Greenland some 200–300 km away, the volcanics of which are assumed to be of similar age (about 1.25 Ga). The remanent directions of the two sets of data are antiparallel within the 95 per cent significance level of confidence.
When rotating Greenland 18° clockwise back to North America by the 'Bullard fit', the pole of the central North Greenland dolerites (NDL) falls at (14.3°N, 144.3°W). The reversed pole (14.3°S, 35.7°E) fits well on to the loop between 1.2 and 1.4 Ma on the apparent polar wander swath of Berger & York for cratonic North America.
The palaeomagnetic results from the Middle Proterozoic basic dykes from central North Greenland thus strengthen previous palaeomagnetic results from the Midsommersø Dolerites and Zig-Zag Dal Basalts from the Peary Land Region in eastern North Greenland, suggesting that Greenland was part of the North American craton at least for the period between c . 1.3 and 1 Ma (and probably up to the end of Cretaceous time). The major geographical meridian of Greenland was orientated approximately E–W, and the palaeo-latitude of Greenland was about 10°–15°. 相似文献