PWD22型能见度计的使用与维护

介绍能见度的自动观测技术,并通过介绍PWD22型能见度计,阐述能见度计的原理、种类和安装使用方法以及注意事项。     

The rms–flux relations in different branches in Cyg X-2

In this paper, the rms-flux (root mean square-flux) relation along the Z-track of the bright Z-Source Cyg X-2 is analyzed using the observational data of Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). Three types of rms-flux relations, i.e. positive, negative, and ‘arch’-like correlations are found in different branches. The rms is positively correlated with flux in normal branch (NB), but anti-correlated in the vertical horizontal branch (VHB). The rms–flux relation shows an ‘arch’-like shape in the horizontal branch (HB). We also try to explain this phenomenon using existing models.     

Jurassic granitoid dike in Luodian,Guizhou Province: discovery and geological significance

Acta Geochimica - In this paper, the Jurassic granitoid dike that intrudes into Permian diabase was reported in Luokun, Luodian County, south Guizhou. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating of the...     

Geological and geochemical characteristics of the Baogudi Carlin-type gold district (Southwest Guizhou,China) and their geological implications

The newly discovered Baogudi gold district is located in the southwestern Guizhou Province, China, where there are numerous Carlin-type gold deposits. To better understand the geological and geochemical characteristics of the Baogudi gold district, we carried out petrographic observations, elemental analyses, and fluid inclusion and isotopic composition studies. We also compared the results with those of typical Carlin-type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou. Three mineralization stages, namely, the sedimentation diagenesis, hydrothermal (main-ore and late-ore substages), and supergene stages, were identified based on field and petrographic observations. The main-ore and late-ore stages correspond to Au and Sb mineralization, respectively, which are similar to typical Carlin-type mineralization. The mass transfer associated with alteration and mineralization shows that a significant amount of Au, As, Sb, Hg, Tl, Mo, and S were added to mineralized rocks during the main-ore stage. Remarkably, arsenic, Sb, and S were added to the mineralized rocks during the late-ore stage. Element migration indicates that the sulfidation process was responsible for ore formation. Four types of fluid inclusions were identified in ore-related quartz and fluorite. The main-ore stage fluids are characterized by an H₂O–NaCl–CO₂–CH₄ ± N₂ system, with medium to low temperatures (180–260 °C) and low salinity (0–9.08% NaCl equivalent). The late-ore stage fluids featured H₂O–NaCl ± CO₂ ± CH₄, with low temperature (120–200 °C) and low salinity (0–7.48% NaCl equivalent). The temperature, salinity, and CO₂ and CH₄ concentrations of ore-forming fluids decreased from the main-ore stage to the late-ore stage. The calculated δ¹³C, δD, and δ¹⁸O values of the ore-forming fluids range from − 14.3 to − 7.0‰, −76 to −55.7‰, and 4.5–15.0‰, respectively. Late-ore-stage stibnite had δ³⁴S values ranging from − 0.6 to 1.9‰. These stable isotopic compositions indicate that the ore-forming fluids originated mainly from deep magmatic hydrothermal fluids, with minor contributions from strata. Collectively, the Baogudi metallogenic district has geological and geochemical characteristics that are typical of Carlin-type gold deposits in southwest Guizhou. It is likely that the Baogudi gold district, together with other Carlin-type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou, was formed in response to a single widespread metallogenic event.

     

藏东吉塘复式花岗岩成因——来自锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学的证据

吉塘复式花岗岩位于澜沧江岩浆岩带北段,是研究澜沧江结合带演化过程的重要窗口。对澜沧江北段卡贡地区吉塘复式花岗岩中的黑云母二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学研究。研究结果表明,所选锆石样品均具有明显的生长环带,Th/U值普遍大于0.4,为典型的岩浆锆石,分别获得锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为222.8±1.5Ma(MSWD=1.60,n=16)、213.6±1.1Ma(MSWD=0.98,n=20)和221.1±1.5Ma(MSWD=1.30,n=15),时代均属于晚三叠世。岩石地球化学特征表明,吉塘黑云母二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩具有较一致的主量、微量元素含量,其变化特征也具有一致性,反映这2类岩石可能为同一期岩浆演化而来;吉塘复式花岗岩属于过铝质S型花岗岩,与临沧花岗岩、纽多花岗岩具有一致的岩石地球化学性质,为澜沧江花岗岩带的重要组成部分,具有统一的构造岩浆活动模式;吉塘复式花岗岩的成因与碰撞造山导致地壳加厚增温及与岩石圈剪切、伸展期有关的深熔作用有关,澜沧江洋的闭合时间可能为273Ma左右。     

Mechanisms for the link between onset and duration of open water in the Kara Sea

The sea ice conditions in the Kara Sea have important impacts on Arctic shipping, oil and gas production, and marine environmental changes. In this study, sea ice coverage (CR) less than 30％ is considered as open water, its onset and end dates are defined as Topen and Tclose, respectively. The sea ice melt onset (Tmelt) is defined as the date when ice-sea freshwater flux initially changes from ice into the ocean. Satellite-based sea ice concentration (SIC) from 1989 to 2019 shows a negative correlation between Topen and Tclose (r = –0.77, p < 0.01) in the Kara Sea. This phenomenon is also obtained through analyzing the hindcast simulation from 1994 to 2015 by a coupled ocean and sea-ice model (NAPA1/4). The model results reveal that thermodynamics dominate the sea ice variations, and ice basal melt is greater than the ice surface melt. Heat budget estimation suggests that the heat flux is significant correlated with Topen (r = –0.95, p < 0.01) during the melt period (the duration of multi-year averaged Tmelt to Topen) influenced by the sea ice conditions. Additionally, this heat flux is also suggested to dominate the interannual variation of the heat input during the whole heat absorption process (r = 0.81, p < 0.01). The more heat input during this process leads to later Tclose (r = 0.77, p < 0.01). This is the physical basis of the negative correlation between Topen and Tclose. Therefore, the duration of open water can be predicted by Topen and thence support earlier planning of marine activities.     

中国南北过渡带范围的地理表达及定量探测

气候变化下中国南北过渡带的动态变化及地域范围探测是识别农业生产敏感区、研究农业适应行为的基础。前人基于“自上而下”或“自下而上”的方法,采用不同的划界指标对中国南北过渡带的范围进行了探索,但对气候变化下南北过渡带范围的地理表达及其地域范围的定量探测较少涉及。采用1951—2018年2400多个国家气象站点气温和降水的逐日观测数据,以800 mm等降水量线、1月0℃均温、日均温≥10℃积温、日均温≥10℃日数和干燥度指数0.5为划界指标,运用ArcGIS栅格计算和均值-标准差对中国南北过渡带进行地理表达。结果表明,中国的南北分界是一条宽窄不一的过渡带,各划界指标的等值线在气候变化下变动明显,各气象要素的大致变动范围西南段较东北段更为稳定,日均温≥10℃积温和干燥度指数的变化幅度大于800 mm等降水量线和1月0℃均温。确定的中国南北过渡带的极端最北界自西向东依次穿过礼县、耀县、韩城、安泽、涉县、静海县;极端最南界自西向东依次穿过北川、宁强、西乡、房县、淅川、罗山、商城、定远、临安县。该范围内提取的637个县域中,位于南北过渡带气候变化稳定区的县域256个,位于气候变化敏感区的县域187个。研究可为中国南北过渡带农业生产适应气候变化提供科学依据。     

风云气象卫星与潜在国际移动通信系统基站共用1695~1710 MHz频段频谱兼容性分析

1695~1710 MHz频段是我国静止轨道和太阳同步轨道风云气象卫星广泛使用的空对地方向数据传输频段。2015年世界无线电大会(WRC-15)把这一频段作为国际移动通信系统(IMT)在全球范围内寻求新频谱划分的候选频段。为了保护气象卫星的频谱资源不受到潜在的IMT系统干扰,并探知风云气象卫星和IMT系统基站的同频共用情况,本文结合IMT基站和风云气象卫星数据接收站的链路参数,建立干扰模型,分别仿真分析了IMT基站对FY-3号气象卫星和FY-4号气象卫星数据接收的干扰情况。在我国城市和郊区布设了大量的国际级和省级气象卫星用户接收站的情况下,研究结果表明IMT基站和风云气象卫星接收站间距离很难满足隔离距离的要求,因此不建议IMT基站和气象卫星共用1695~1710 MHz频段。     

碳酸盐岩性因素控制下喀斯特发育特征─—以黔中南为例

黔中南地区位于贵州高原向广西盆地过渡的斜坡地带,各种不同性质的碳酸盐岩广泛出露。本文根据本区水文网对地表的切割所形成的“反常型河流结构”的特点,论述了在岩性因素控制下的喀斯特发育的同期异形特征及其发育机制。      

黔南地区碳酸盐岩的溶蚀试验初探

<正> 前言黔南是贵州境内岩溶发育的重点地区,我们在研究其发育规律过程中,实测28条不同时代的碳酸盐岩地层剖面,取样584件,选择其中120件典型样进行溶蚀速度试验。溶蚀速度试验是在一定条件下,对碳酸盐岩岩溶化的模拟试验。用实验的方法解释野外宏观岩溶现象,提供岩溶发育方面的定量数据。