两株极地真菌次级代谢产物的研究

采用硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析和HPLC等色谱技术,对极地真菌Articulospora sp.Z1-1和Penicilliumsp.S-1-10的发酵液提取物进行分离纯化,共得到9个化合物,通过理化性质及波谱学分析并与相关文献比对,确定化合物结构为3,7-二羟基-9-甲氧基-1-甲基-苯并[c]色烯-6-酮(1),1,4-二羟基甲苯(2),间羟基苄醇(3),对羟基苯乙醇(4),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(5),1,7-二羟基-3-羟甲基-8-甲氧基-二苯并[b,e]氧杂卓-13,14-二酮(6),邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(7),4-十三烷基-苯甲醛(8)和(Z)-7-十四烯酸(9)。其中,化合物1—6首次从Articulospora sp.属真菌中获得,化合物8为新天然产物。化合物1和4被证明具有抑制稻瘟霉的作用,化合物2有较好的抗菌和细胞毒活性,化合物3有较强的抗氧化活性。     

基于储层构型的渗流单元刻画方法及应用

文昌C油田珠海组二段一油组纵向多期砂体相互叠置,内部结构复杂、非均质性强,目前已进入“双高”采出阶段,剩余油分布规律不明。厚储层平面上受断层分布及不同构型单元储层质量差异的影响,水驱规律呈现明显分区性;纵向上受砂体复杂内部结构及隔夹层分布控制,水驱顺层突进现象明显,水驱规律不明确制约油田下步调整挖潜。在精细构型研究基础上,结合毛管压力等微观孔喉参数,利用判别函数对渗流单元进行定量刻画,弥补了传统FZI划分流动单元不够精细的问题,更契合生产动态。明确了两种剩余油控制模式:一是渗流单元差异平面控油模式;二是渗流屏障遮挡垂向控油模式。结果表明:研究区平面划分5个井区,纵向划分15个单层,共划分60个含油单元,结合生产动态得到每个渗流单元的采出程度及剩余油分布规律,针对性地提出了7项措施,有效提高了本油田开发效果,同时也为类似复杂厚层砂岩油藏剩余油挖潜提供经验借鉴。     

玛曲高原区潜水水化学和氢氧同位素特征

玛曲高原区地下水是黄河的重要补给水源,然而其水化学特征及形成机理认识还十分有限。通过采集玛曲潜水、河水和黄河河道沉积物,系统研究了玛曲高原区地下水水化学、同位素特征以及水文地球化学过程。结果表明:河水和潜水的溶解性总固体含量低,分别为72~195 mg/L和207~459 mg/L,水化学成分以Ca2+和HCO3-为主,水样中砷浓度为0.46~17.7μg/L。氢氧同位素结果表明,地下水和河水补给来源为当地大气降水,河水相对潜水富集δ18O和δD。河水水化学组成主要受蒸发浓缩作用的影响,而潜水主要受碳酸盐岩溶解作用的影响。潜水水样SI白云石小于0的占68%,表明潜水中白云石处于不饱和状态。某些潜水砷含量超标的原因可能是沉积物铁锰氧化物矿物的还原性溶解,而砷的来源可能是玛曲河道和浅层松散沉积物中吸附态砷。研究成果有助于揭示黄河上游玛曲段地下水的来源及地下水化学成分的形成机理。     

东昆仑扎玛休玛地区含矿花岗闪长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石定年及地质意义

东昆仑东段扎玛休玛地区中—酸性岩浆活动较为发育,但受其交通限制,研究程度较低,特别是与铜铅锌多金属矿化有关的花岗闪长斑岩前人鲜有研究.本次针对扎玛休玛地区的含矿花岗闪长斑岩进行了研究,通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和岩石地球化学研究.明确了扎玛休玛地区含矿花岗闪长斑岩侵位年龄为229.5±1.3 Ma,属于晚三叠世.地球化学研究表明含矿花岗闪长斑岩w(SiO2)含量在67.22％～70.21％之间,w(Al2O3)为13.51％～15.28％,w(K2O)为3.48％～4.27％,全碱含量w(K2O+Na2O)为5.98％～7.41％,w(K2O/Na2O)=1.20～1.52,显示富钾贫钠特点,里特曼指数σ值为1.33～2.23,在w(SiO2)-w (K2O)关系图上落入高钾钙碱性系列,A/CNK值为1.02～1.14,平均1.07,属过铝质岩石;∑REE=147.42～202.29×10-6,LREE/HREE=11.15～15.29,(La/Yb)N=13.42～20.11,具轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的右倾曲线,δEu介于0.34～0.43,显示负异常特征,大离子亲石元素Rb,K,Ba,Th等相对富集,高场强元素Nb,Ta,P,Ti相对亏损特征,具有火山弧花岗岩特征;结合构造背景判别图解及区域构造背景,认为花岗闪长斑岩为晚三叠世形成后碰撞构造阶段的火山弧花岗岩.     

湖相烃源岩中的火山—热液深源物质与油气生成耦合关系研究进展*

陆内湖相烃源岩系是中国含油气盆地广泛发育的一类组分复杂且富含有机质的细粒沉积岩。随着非常规油气资源需求量日益增加,该岩系被作为致密油或页岩油层系受到广泛关注。然而,其极细的粒度增加了精细岩石学、矿物学研究难度,使它长期被简单视为陆源沉积岩。研究发现,该岩系中发育丰富的火山喷发及热液喷流产生的深源物质,并与油气的生成和富集表现出了极强的耦合关系。因此,探索深源物质如何参与烃源岩形成并影响油气生成亟待深入研究。作者详细总结并探讨了国内外近年来关于湖相烃源岩成因以及火山—热液活动带来的深源物质与油气形成关系的现阶段新发现与认识。并结合笔者研究团队基于新疆三塘湖盆地二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩的新发现,采用精细的岩石学、矿物学方法,结合无机和有机地球化学等方法,初步开展了该耦合关系的机理研究。认为火山—热液深源物质参与了烃源岩的沉积与成岩作用,并与正常湖相沉积物共同影响着油气的形成。建议重新认识湖相烃源岩的物质组成,从而拓展陆相生油理论,同时为同类型非常规油气资源勘探开发提供理论指导。     

The impact of inter-industry R&D technology spillover on carbon emission in China

Based on input–output table to measure inter-industry R&D technology spillover, this paper introduces inter-industry R&D technology spillover into panel econometric model for carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions factor analysis. Using the panel data of 34 industrial sectors in China from 2005 to 2014, the results reveal that there is an inverted “U-shaped” nonlinear relationship between R&D technology spillover (intensity) and carbon emission; it is estimated that R&D technology spillover can reduce carbon emission currently; the indirect impact of R&D technology spillovers or spillovers intensity through R&D intensity on carbon emissions is also beneficial to carbon emission reduction; at last, this study suggests that industrial sectors should improve R&D intensity and strengthen technical exchanges and cooperation with other related sectors for the purpose of R&D technology spillover increase and CO₂ emissions reduction.     

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Implementation methods and economic impacts of national node strategies

Pilot reforms gradually implemented through key nodes have become an important pattern of regional development in China since the policy of reform and opening up was introduced in 1978. On the basis of an analysis of the evolution processes and characteristics of regional development policies in post-reform China, this paper develops the concept and analytical framework of national node strategies (NNS), defined as regional development strategies centered on specific spatial nodes, by addressing their theoretical basis and research scope. The regional economic impacts of NNS were explored quantitatively through the examples of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, Pudong New Area and Tianjin Binhai New Area in different stages of the reform and opening up. The results indicate that the evolution of China’s regional development policies can be divided into three stages: the exploration stage led by Special Economic Zones (SEZs), the expansion stage dominated by Economic Development Zones and the optimization stage featuring State-level New Areas and National Comprehensive Reform Pilot Areas. During all the three stages, NNS have played an important demonstrative and leading role and promoted the rapid evolution of China’s regional development policies from localized to widespread implementation, and the role of the government has also changed accordingly. As an innovative application and development of the growth pole theory in transitional China, NNS have become engines of regional development as well as important conduits of institutional innovations. NNS and regional development have achieved a benign coupling and formed a gradated regional development model. Empirical research indicates that NNS are an important method used by the government to guide and regulate regional economic development, with complex and diverse economic effects that differ depending on the stage of regional development and the spatial scale of analysis.     

豫西南高庄金矿床Re-Os定年及S-Pb同位素和REE示踪

高庄金矿床是豫西南一处重要金矿,成矿时代、物质来源以及矿床成因类型尚不清楚。本文对高庄金矿石中载金矿物磁黄铁矿进行Re-Os测年,获得(137±2) Ma成矿年龄,表明金矿床为燕山晚期成矿。分别对载金矿物磁黄铁矿、容矿地层(二郎坪群火神庙组)和侵入岩体(堂坪岩体)进行了S、Pb和REE组成分析。矿石硫化物δ34SCDT值为-3.0‰～-1.5‰,平均值为-2.24‰,深源S特征明显,矿石S可能来源于容矿的二郎坪群火神庙组基性火山岩地层。矿石硫化物206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb的变化范围分别为17.106～17.505、15.469～15.602、37.835～38.194。堂坪岩体206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb的变化范围分别为18.244 3～19.238 2、15.594 8～15.693 5、38.504 2～39.616 3,二郎坪群火山岩206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb变化范围分别为18.176 8～18.669 2、15.607 1～15.801 9、38.375 9～39.080 9。矿石铅同位素组成与地层和岩体的岩石铅组成相近,表明岩体和地层都提供了成矿物质。矿石与二郎坪群火神庙组地层的REE球粒陨石标准化配分曲线都为平坦型。可见,豫西南高庄金矿形成于秦岭碰撞造山之后的燕山晚期陆内构造岩浆热液过程,成矿物质主要来源于矿体周围火山岩地层。     

典型岩溶区潜在蒸散发变化及其影响因素

蒸散发过程是联系大气过程和陆面水文过程的关键环节,对区域/流域水循环过程和水量平衡具有重要影响。岩溶区,地表生态环境脆弱,对气候变化响应敏感,蒸散发可能是联系大气、水、热交换和碳循环的关键生态水文过程。准确地估算蒸散发对于深入研究岩溶水循环响应气候变化、碳循环、生态修复等具有重要作用。本文选择典型岩溶区桂林市为研究对象,基于1951~2015年桂林市气象站逐日气象数据,采用Penman- Monterith方法计算了潜在蒸散发量,利用Mann- Kendall非参数检验法和相关性分析研究桂林市潜在蒸散发的变化趋势及其影响因素。研究结果表明,桂林市潜在蒸散发具有明显的年、年际和季节尺度变化特征。1951~2015年桂林市潜在蒸散发呈显著的减小趋势,变化速率为-8. 02 mm/10a;夏季、秋季和冬季潜在蒸散发呈下降趋势,而春季呈微弱的上升趋势;夏季潜在蒸散发的显著减小是影响年蒸散发下降的主要原因;桂林市潜在蒸散发在1967和2003年左右发生突变;通过Mann- Kendall趋势检验和相关性分析得出,桂林市平均气温、最高、最低气温呈显著的上升趋势,而风速、相对湿度、日照时数呈显著的下降趋势;日照时数是影响桂林市潜在蒸散发变化的主要因素,其次是风速。