奥陶系宝塔组灰岩的环境相、生态相与成岩相

晚奥陶世宝塔组灰岩在上、中、下扬子碳酸盐沉积区分布极为广泛，因其层面上注记着不规则状、类似鸡冠花的形态特征，因而素以加引号的“龟裂纹灰岩”称之，以此代表宝塔组灰岩特有的沉积构造，以致于两者为同一词。宝塔组灰岩是地质历史中仅有的、唯一的在层面上具有特殊网纹的形态组构，其他时代的灰岩均无此特点，因而它是地质历史中的“时髦相”。形成这一组构可能有三个因素：一是盆地的沉积－构造背景，华南晚奥陶世为前陆盆地，前隆的结果使建筑在克拉通上的碳酸盐大平台构造掀斜，成为浅海中的深水盆地，为低能、慢速沉积的灰泥岩、泥灰岩提供了宽大而平坦的构造－沉积环境空间；二是深水环境中的生态和生物遗迹，由游泳型角石和与之能抗衡的大型软体生物在软底上和沉积物内留下活动的印迹；三是灰泥和泥质物成岩压实作用，叠加在印痕上，因此，宝塔组灰岩“龟裂纹”组构的形成是构造－沉积环境相、生态相和成岩相的产物。     

江南造山带西南段梵净山地区镁铁质-超镁铁质岩:形成时代、地球化学特征与构造环境

梵净山地区位于江南造山带的西南缘,这里新元古代的镁铁质-超镁铁质岩浆岩广泛发育,岩性包括枕状熔岩、超镁铁质-镁铁质岩床群以及浅成侵入的辉长岩,成分属拉斑玄武岩系列。其中枕状熔岩以富集轻稀土元素和Rb、Ba、Th、U等强不相容元素,亏损高场强元素Nb和Ta,低的εNd(t)值为特征,明显不同于洋脊玄武岩,推测其成因可能与富集型地幔的部分熔融有关,形成于与俯冲有关的弧后小洋盆环境。超镁铁质-镁铁质岩床群主要由辉绿岩和碳酸辉橄岩组成,其中超镁铁质岩床群中出现大量的原生碳酸盐矿物,指示它们形成于拉张(甚至裂谷)的构造环境。辉长岩可能是区内最晚形成的岩浆岩,其SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为821±4Ma。由枕状熔岩经超镁铁质-镁铁质岩床群到辉长岩,高场强元素Nb和Ta的亏损程度减弱、轻稀土元素的富集程度降低、εNd(t)值由负值变为正值,指示随时间的由早到晚,来自亏损地幔的物质不断增加。推测梵净山地区新元古代岩浆作用的顺序大致为:枕状熔岩(～840Ma)→白云母花岗岩(～838Ma)→碳酸超镁铁质岩床群→镁铁质岩床群→辉长岩(～821Ma),构造环境由俯冲-碰撞到拉张-裂谷。     

Spatial Database of Geological Survey Extent in 20th Century in China

During the whole 20th century in China, especially the latest 50 years, we have gotten much geological information about geological mapping, geophysics, geochemistry, mineral exploration,remote sensing, environmental geology, hydrogeology, engineering geology and oceanic geology etc. by our geologists and explorers. All the information has been accmnulated and can be used as a dcision-making foundation for the future plan of geological survey. The spatial database of geological survey ex-tents has been established by using computer technology. The database contained all kinds of exploration sections and collected about 160 000 records in this database. This paper introduces the data construc-tion ,contents and applying systemof this database, and trys to let people know what kinds of geological survey were finished, when the exploration were carried out, and how and where you can get this infor-mation.     

王家岗断阶带含烃流体的成藏效应分析

王家岗断阶带及其附近地区地层和地层流体所表现出的能量场和物质两方面的成藏效应,反映其局部地区的油气运移具有瞬态流体流动的特点.在以断层活动为主、以烃源岩超压为辅的双重控制作用下,来自牛庄洼陷内深部烃源岩的超压含烃热流体沿断阶带内的断层向王家岗地区方向快速充注.能量场上,快速的大规模流体流动既引起了地温场的局部扰动,也将深层的超压能量传递到浅层.物质上,溶解有大量矿物质的深部热流体以混相涌流的方式运移到浅层.流体活动强的断层附近区域水-岩相互作用强烈,地层岩石中的碳酸盐质量分数和黏土矿物组成变化较大.同时在深部流体进入浅层活动活跃的层段内,地层水矿化度高的地段聚集的油气也较多.     

非线性支持向量机在油气预测中的应用

油气预测的传统方法通常是基于经验风险最小化准则,但在有限样本情况下,预测效果并不理想.研究引入基于结构化风险最小化准则的非线性支持向量机方法,通过对推广误差界的最小化达到最大的泛化能力和全局最优,时于小样本数据,该方法具有可靠的预测能力.在对四川观音场构造面新统上部碳酸盐岩储层数据处理中.通过实例试算,结果表明该方法有效可靠,预测精度高,与已知结果吻合较好.     

Trace Elements in Fluid Inclusions in the Carlin—Type Gold Deposits,Southwestern Guizhou Province

Fluid inclusions in quartz from the Lannigou and Yata Carlin-type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for their trace elements(Co,Ni,Cu,Pb,Zn,Pt,etc.).The results show that quartz fluid inclusions entrapped at different ore-forming stages contain higher Co,Ni,Cu,Pb and Zn.It has been found for the first time that the ore-forming fluids responsible for the Carlin-type gold deposits are rich in Pt.From this it can be concluded that basic volcanic rocks seem to be one of the important sources of ore-forming materials for the Carlin-type gold deposits.     

皖南南陵地区砷菱铅矾的发现及初步研究

皖南南陵地区首次发现砷菱铅矾, 砷菱铅矾主要产于交代石英岩的含金氧化带中, 多与石英连生。主要伴生矿物是自然金、辰砂。Ｘ 射线粉晶衍射、化学分析和光学测定手段对该矿物进行了初步的矿物学研究。     

Adsorption of phenanthrene on Al (oxy)hydroxides formed under the influence of tannic acid

Although there has been substantial research done on adsorption of metals/metalloids by Al (oxy)hydroxides, little is known regarding the adsorption of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Al (oxy)hydroxides, especially those formed in the presence of organic acid. This paper investigated the adsorption of phenanthrene on Al (oxy)hydroxides formed with initial tannate/Al molar ratios (MRs) 0, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 (referred to MR0, MR0.001, MR0.01, and MR0.1, respectively) through batch adsorption experiments and FTIR study. The results showed that Al (oxy)hydroxides were important sorbents for phenanthrene. The adsorption kinetic data were fitted well with the pseudo-second-order equation. According to a modified Freundlich model, the adsorption capacities of Al (oxy)hydroxides followed a descending order of MR0.1 > MR0 ≥ MR0.01 > MR0.001, which was inconsistent with the organic carbon content in the Al (oxy)hydroxides. Adsorption capacity correlated with the specific surface area, micropore area, and micropore diameter of Al (oxy)hydroxides, yet the relationships were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). FTIR results showed that physical interaction was essential in phenanthrene adsorption onto the Al (oxy)hydroxides, which could be explained by an entropy-driven process. Surface hydrophobicity of Al (oxy)hydroxides played a key role in phenanthrene adsorption. Additional π–π electron donor–acceptor interaction of phenanthrene (acting as electron donor) with aromatic ring of tannic acid (electron acceptor) could be also important in phenanthrene adsorption by high MR Al (oxy)hydroxides, yet it needs further study. The findings obtained in the present study are of fundamental significance in understanding the mechanism of immobilization of PAHs in low organic matter but oxide-rich soils.     

中国格点化日降水极值统计模型及阈值的选取

采用年最大值法（AM）及超阈值峰量法（POT）分别构建基于0.5°×0.5°网格的全国地面日降水极值序列,建立基于广义极值分布（GEV）和广义帕累托分布（GPD）的降水极值统计模型,通过K-S检验评估模型拟合效果,研究全国日降水极值的统计规律及其空间分布特征,提出适用于不同地区极端日降水的极值分布模型与阈值选取标准,结果表明：(1)POT序列比AM序列更符合降水极值序列的要求;(2)为便于比较并提高模型拟合效果,POT序列的阈值由百分位数法确定效果较好;(3)阈值方案优选结果在空间分布上与中国干湿区域的划分有很好的相关性,在湿润地区宜将第90～94百分位数作为阈值,在半湿润和半干旱地区宜将第94～97百分位数作为阈值,在干旱地区则使用第97～99百分位数较为合适。