CSAMT法在昆玉线宝峰深埋隧道勘察中的应用

宝峰深埋隧道洞深附近地质情况复杂,需对岩体完整性进行评价。依据可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)的带地形二维非线性共轭梯度(NLCG)反演结果,把电阻率异常分为Ⅴ类、Ⅳ类、Ⅲ类及Ⅱ类,分别对应极破碎岩体(Ⅴ级围岩)、破碎岩体(Ⅳ级围岩)、较破碎岩体(Ⅲ级围岩)和完整岩体(Ⅱ级围岩)。结合围岩分级结果,查明了宝峰深埋隧道洞深附近岩性、断层破碎带及岩溶位置,对岩体完整性进行了评估。经钻孔及地质资料验证,CSAMT勘探达到了预期效果。     

Impact of Montmorillonite and Calcite on Release and Adsorption of Cyanobacterial Fatty Acids at Ambient Temperature

Minerals might act as important sorbents of sedimentary organic matter and reduce biodegradation, which favors the formation of hydrocarbon source rocks in the earth's history. Since most organic matter is degraded during the sinking process, at ambient temperature, it is important to investigate the adsorption capacity of different minerals during this process, to assess the organic loss from primary productivity to sedimentary organic matter. In this study, montmorillonite and calcite have been selected to study the impact of different minerals on the release, adsorption, and deposition of cyanobacterial (Synechococcus elonpata) fatty acids (FAs) at ambient temperature. Gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) have been utilized to detect the variation in fatty acids. Primary results suggest that minerals have a different impact on dissolved organic matter. Montmorillonite can specifically enhance the release of fatty acids from cyanobacterial cells by lowering the pH values of the solution. The adsorption of the dissolved organic matter by montmorillonite will also be enhanced under a lower pH value. Conjunction of fatty acids with montmorillonite to form a complex will favor the sinking and preservation of these organics. Selective adsorption is observed among fatty acids with different carbon numbers. In contrast, calcite does not show any impact on the release and adsorption of organic matter even though it is reportedly capable of acting as a catalyst during the transformation of organic matter at high temperature. The primary data bridge a link between primary productivity and sedimentary organic matter, suggesting the relative importance of claystones in the formation of hydrocarbon source rocks in the earth's history.     

大庆朝阳沟油田浅层水平井钻井技术

介绍朝阳沟油田98区浅层水平井的井身结构特点、地层岩性特点以及该区水平井轨迹控制的难点。针对这些特点以及不同地层的造斜率,制定有效轨迹控制方案,选取合理的造斜工具及钻具组合,实施合理的钻井参数及技术措施,完成浅层水平井的施工。     

桐柏县固庙—新集1：20万金银异常评价方法及效果

随着河南区域化探扫面工作的结束，异常评价是摆在我们面前的当务之急。近年来，随着地质工作的不断深入，我们在异常评价程序及方法上作了一些探索，下面以桐柏县固庙—新集１：２０万金银异常评价方法及效果为例，重点加以讨论。     

Research Progress of Relative Humidity and Its Changing Annual Cycle

Studies on the characteristics of relative humidity annual cycle change include the frequency, phase, and amplitude of the time series and their changes. The effective diagnosis of the relative humidity annual cycle can provide important help in the monitoring and regulation of seasonal haze, the spatial distribution of epidemic outbreaks and their prevention and control, and the real-time forecasting and decision-making of monsoon precipitation. Different from studies on the trend of the relative humidity, the diagnosis in the annual cycle is scarce. This paper summarized the research status of relative humidity and its annual cycle, introduced several current methods for extracting common signals, and evaluated the feasibility of these methods for extracting annual cycle signals. Due to the time-varying characteristics of the annual cycle of relative humidity and complex structures such as asymmetric triangular waves, square-like waves, and state transients, harmonic-based extraction methods are difficult to succeed. The nonlinear signal extraction method with high noise immunity will solve this problem. At present, the relative humidity annual cycle studies urgently need to be improved and improve the quality of relative humidity observation data, accurately extract and quantify the time-varying characteristics and complex structure of the annual cycle. Moreover, combining the dynamic process and statistical analysis, we also need to study the physical mechanism of the change of relative humidity annual cycle (frequency, phase, amplitude, etc.) in China.     

冬季南北半球际大气质量涛动与东亚冬季风异常联系的模式验证

南北两半球大气中高纬度之间的相互作用与季风等跨半球的天气气候系统存在着密切联系,由于涉及全球范围的大尺度环流与能量变化,其联系途径与机理受到学者们的广泛关注。本文结合ERA5再分析资料以及CMIP6中MPI-ESM1-2-HR模式历史输出资料,验证了冬季南北半球际大气质量涛动(Inter-Hemispheric atmospheric mass Oscillation,IHO)与东亚冬季风异常的联系及其对中国冬季气温的影响。研究表明,再分析资料以及模式结果均表明冬季IHO与东亚冬季风存在显著的正相关关系。IHO通过全球大气质量再分配与东亚冬季风建立起紧密的联系。当IHO为正位相时,大气质量在欧亚大陆北部异常堆积,而在中低纬地区异常亏损,这使得东亚地区海陆气压差明显增大,冬季风增强,同时对中国华中地区冬季地表气温具有显著影响;反之亦然。进一步分析发现,热带低平流层气温可以通过剩余环流调节臭氧含量经向分布进而影响南极对流层气温,从而对IHO年际变化起主要的驱动作用。     

洪泽湖入湖河流沉积物有机磷分布特征及外源输入对其形态转化的影响

为探究洪泽湖入湖河流沉积物有机磷的空间分布及外源输入对其形态转化的影响,本文利用Ivanoff法开展有机磷形态特征研究,并通过实验室添加常见外源有机质和铁离子,深入探讨外源物质对沉积物有机磷形态变化的长期影响.研究结果表明,洪泽湖入湖河流沉积物有机磷含量范围为34.8～398.6 mg/kg,占总磷的7.7%～36.9%,其中非活性有机磷(NOP)>中活性有机磷(MLOP)>活性有机磷(LOP).濉河沉积物LOP平均占比为19.4%,高于其他河流,而成子河NOP平均占比最高,为56.41%,表明有机磷的空间分布不均匀.总体而言,安河和濉河沉积物中总氮、总磷和有机磷含量显著高于成子河和淮河,显示前两条河流有较高的污染水平.冗余分析表明河流沉积物有机磷形态明显受到其理化性质影响,而不同污染程度沉积物的影响因素有所不同.外源物质添加能够活化沉积物的有机磷,促使NOP向LOP和MLOP转化,有机质输入引起的沉积物有机磷形态变化要大于铁元素输入,而外源物质输入对污染较重河流沉积物的有机磷转化作用更为显著.因此,减少入湖河流周边的外源污染排放是减少湖泊生物可利用磷的有效途径.     

最小二乘插值与拟合推估

简述了最小二乘插值法的原理及解算过程 ,逐步引入最小二乘纯推估的概念 ,讨论了滤波与推估的结合 ,进而导出了最小二乘拟合推估的一般模型 ,得出了“最小二乘插值是拟合推估的特殊情况”的结论 ,对最小二乘拟合推估的解析性进行了简要的讨论     

The Deep Geophysical Structure of the Middle Section of the Longmen Mountains Tectonic Belt and its Relation to the Wenchuan Earthquake

Investigation of the deep geophysical structure of the Longmen Mountains tectonic belt and its relation to the Wenchuan Earthquake is important for the study of earthquakes. By using magnetotelluric sounding profiles of the Luqu–Zhongjiang and Anxian–Suining; seismic sounding profiles of the Sichuan Maowen–Chongqing Gongtan, the Qinghai Huashi Gorge–Sichuan Jianyang, and the Batang–Zizhong; and magnetogravimetric data of the Longmen Mountains region, the deep geophysical structure of the Songpan–Ganzi block, the western Sichuan foreland basin, and the Longmen Mountains tectonic belt and their relation was discussed. The eastward extrusion of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau thrusts the Songpan–Ganzi block upon the Yangtze block, which obstructs the eastward movement of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The Maoxian–Wenchuan, Beichuan–Yingxiu, and Anxian–Guanxian faults of the Longmen Mountains fault belt dip to northwest with different dip angles and gradually converge in the deeper parts. Geophysical structure suggests that an intracrustal low-velocity, low-resistivity, and high-conductivity layer is common between the middle and upper crust west of the Longmen Mountains tectonic belt but not in the upper Yangtze block. The Sichuan Basin has a thick low-resistance sedimentary layer on a stable high-resistance basement; moreover, there are secondary paleohighs and depression structures at the lower part of the western Sichuan foreland basin with characteristic of high magnetic anomalies, whereas the Songpan–Ganzi block has a high resisitivity cover of upper crust and continues to a low-resistance layer. Considering the Longmen Mountains tectonic belt as the boundary, there are Bouguer gravity anomalies of "one belt between two zones." Thus, we infer that there is a corresponding relation between the inferred crystalline basement of the Songpan block and the underlying basin basement of the Longmen Mountains fault belt. Furthermore, there may be an extensive ancient Yangtze block, which is west of the Ruoergai block. In addition, the crust–mantle ductile shear zone under the Longmen Mountains tectonic belt is the main fault, whereas the Beichuan–Yingxiu and Anxian–Guanxian faults at the surface are earthquake faults. The Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake might be attributed to the collision of the Yangtze block and the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The eastward obduction of the eastern edge of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and eastward subduction of its deeper part under the influence of the collision of the Indian, Pacific, and Philippine Plates with the Eurasia Plate might have caused the Longmen Mountains tectonic belt to cut the Moho and extend to the middle and upper crust; thus, creating high stress concentration and rapid energy release zone.     

Elastic wave modelling method based on the displacement–velocity fields: an improving nearly analytic discrete approximation

In this paper, we present an improvement to our previously published nearly analytic discrete method (NADM) to solve acoustic and elastic wave equations. We compare the numerical errors of the improved NADM with the original NADM and also the fourth-order Lax–Wendroff correction and present examples of three-component wave fields in 2D transversely isotropic media with strong velocity contrasts. Comparing with the original NADM, we find that the improved method requires significantly less storage space and can increase the time accuracy from second order of the original NADM to fourth order, while the space accuracy remains the same as that of the original one. Theoretical analyses and numerical results suggest that our improved NADM is suitable for large-scale numerical modelling as it can effectively suppress numerical dispersion and source-generated noises caused by discretising wave equations when too-coarse grids are used.