省市县三级人工影响天气作业指挥体制探讨

为优化配置省、市、县三级人工影响天气指挥作业资源,依据各级人工影响天气办公室的职责范围和任务特点,进行省、市、县三级人工影响天气作业指挥体制探讨。提出省级主要负责全省飞机人工增雨作业和全省地面人工影响天气预警、作业信息收集、监测等工作,市级主要负责属地作业点的直接指挥作业工作,县级主要进行作业监测工作。该体系体现市级指挥中心直接指挥作业点作业的模式特长,发挥省级飞机作业和地面作业预警的技术优势,减少县级人工影响天气办公室因人员少、技术力量薄弱等带来的作业水平不高的问题。解决三级资源共享和作业指令接收中的时间延迟等问题,提高作业时效和水平。     

三峡及邻区新构造期以来应力场分区研究

利用地形变测量、震源机制和钻孔应力测量等资料,综合研究了三峡及邻区的构造应力场。结果表明,研究区在大区域近东西向构造应力场作用下．新构造期一现代构造应力场的作用方向具有明显的分区性,即北区呈近北西西向挤压;西区呈北西向挤压;东区呈北东向挤压。     

土地利用变化及其生态响应综述

1 IntroductionLand use change,as one ofthe m ain driving forces ofglobalenvironm entalchange,is centraltothe sustainable developm ent debate (Figure 1).The types of land use are distinguished as landcover conversion,i.e.,the com plete replacem ent of one …     

沿岸地下水排放通量

海岸带地区,陆源物质由近岸向沿岸海洋输送的途径有很多,而在一些海岸或海湾,其中较普遍的一个过程就是海底地下水排放。它是发生在沿岸地区与毗邻海洋之间的又一个重要的陆海相互作用过程。目前,通过水文、直接测量和地球化学示踪法研究地下水排放的例子有很多,但对其进行定量估算仍面临着许多困难。本文主要介绍镭同位素地球化学示踪法的基本原理及应用,以海南东北部沿岸水域中镭同位素数据为例,计算得到相应的地下水排放通量为5.4×10-4dm3/(d.cm2)。     

Ongoing Changes of Ionic Composition and Dissolved Gases in the Aral Sea

Starting from 1961, the Aral Sea, a major saline lake in Central Asia, has been continuously shrinking because of deficiency in its water budget. Accordingly, the salinity of the once brackish lake increased by a factor of magnitude. During the desiccation, the salt composition of the Aral Sea has been subject to continuous changes because of chemical precipitation accompanying the salinity buildup. This paper provides a summary of these changes based on water samples collected from the so-called Large Aral Sea during the field surveys of 2002–2007. Once fully ventilated, the lake developed anoxic conditions and H₂S contamination is frequently observed in the bottom layers. However, hydrogen sulfide is a variable rather than a permanent feature of the present Aral Sea. Because of the precipitation of calcium carbonate, gypsum, and, possibly, mirabilite, which successively occurred as the salinity increased, the relative content of SO₄ ^? and Ca²⁺ ions decreased. Accordingly, compared with the pre-desiccation period before 1960, the sulfate-to-chloride mass ratio decreased by 10–30%, while the relative content of calcium decreased almost 7-fold. The depletion in calcium is more pronounced in the shallow eastern part of the lake, where salinity is much higher. However, the reduction of the sulfate-to-chloride ratio in the eastern basin is smaller than that for the western basin of the Aral Sea. Hypothetically, this could be explained through precipitation of halite already taking place in the eastern basin, but not yet in the western basin. Vertical profiles of the ionic content in the relatively deep western part of the lake reveal a decrease of calcium content and relative increase of sulfate ion content toward the bottom, which is consistent with the previously published concept that the bottom layers of the western trench contain a significant admixture of the water advected from the eastern basin.     

新疆阿拉套山成矿作用：区域背景、矿源和模式

本文研究了新疆阿拉套山地区成矿作用的区域地质背景、成矿物质来源、成矿的物理化学条件和矿质的迁移富集,据此建立了该区的成矿模式,提供了一个在较小范围内研究和对比两类花岗岩对应两套成矿系列的典型范例.     

大气科学论文英文缩略词的用法

根据美国气象学会有关大气科学英文缩略词的使用规则,参考<英汉汉英大气科学词汇>,给出了大气科学论文中常见的标准缩略词表,并对大气科学论文中一般英文缩略词和英文数字的规范使用进行了简要探讨,一般缩略词在文中首次出现时应给出明确定义,而标准缩略词则可以直接使用.     

Buried pipe detection by ground penetrating radar using the discrete wavelet transform

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is widely used for non-invasive examination of man-made structures, especially to determine the depth of pipes buried underground. Unfortunately, shallower objects may obscure GPR raw data that is reflected from deeper ones. This study introduces a signal processing technique, called the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), to filter and enhance the GPR raw data in order to obtain higher quality profile images. Laboratory experiments were conducted and the locations of buried pipes under different conditions were analyzed. The buried pipes were made of plastic and metal, and both single and two parallel horizontal pipes are discussed. The experimental results indicate that the DWT profiles can provide more information than the traditional GPR profile. The images of the diameter and position of pipes, even two pipes of different materials and in horizontal alignment, can be enhanced by using the DWT profile.     

新疆东准噶尔斑岩铜矿主要构造类型

东准噶尔地区分布有索尔库都克、哈腊苏-卡拉先格尔、乌伦布拉克-溴水泉、塔黑尔巴斯套与琼河坝5条斑岩铜矿带,分为构造叠加改造型斑岩铜矿、断裂构造背景下的斑岩铜矿与和尔赛型斑岩铜矿3种构造类型.构造叠加改造型斑岩铜矿受后期韧性变形构造改造、硫化物沿片理带富集,黄铜矿细脉主要分布于片理带中相对较弱的破劈理中,铜矿体总体产状与片理带产状一致.断裂构造背景下的斑岩铜矿,含矿斑岩体呈岩枝状产出,矿化脉体及伴生蚀变与断裂构造关系密切.和尔赛型斑岩铜矿,具典型斑岩铜矿与岩浆融离型矿床的双重特征,是一个较特殊的斑岩铜矿.