Rigid rotation of the solar core? On the reliable extraction of low-ℓ rotational p-mode splittings from full-disc observations of the Sun

We present low-ℓ rotational p-mode splittings from the analysis of 8 yr of observations made by the Birmingham Solar-Oscillations Network (BiSON) of the full solar disc. These data are presented in the light of a thorough investigation of the fitting techniques used to extract them. Particular attention is paid to both the origin and magnitude of bias present in these estimates. An extensive Monte Carlo strategy has been adopted to facilitate this study – in all, several thousand complete, artificial proxies of the 96-month data set have been generated to test the analysis of real 'full-disc' data. These simulations allow for an assessment of any complications in the analysis which might arise from variations in the properties of the p modes over the 11-yr solar activity cycle.
The use of such an extended data set affords greater precision in the splittings, and by implication the rotation rate inferred from these data, and reduces bias inherent in the analysis, thereby giving a more accurate determination of the rotation. The grand, weighted sidereal average of the BiSON set is     , a value consistent with that expected were the deep radiative interior     to rotate at the same frequency, and in the same 'rigid' manner, as the more precisely and accurately studied outer part of the radiative zone.     

Evaluation of satellite-derived agro-climate variables in the Northern Great Plains of the United States

The climate of the United States Northern Great Plains region is highly variable. Modelling of agriculture in this region and similar locations depends on the availability and quality of satellite and ground data for agro-climate variables. We evaluated tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) multi-satellite preparation analysis (TMPA) precipitation, atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS) surface air temperature, and AIRS relative air humidity (RH). A significant bias was found within the temperature and RH products and no bias but an insufficient rain event detection skill in the precipitation product (probability of detection ～0.3). A linear correction of the temperature product removed the bias as well as lowered the root mean square deviation (RMSD). The bias-corrections for RH led to increased RMSD or worse correlation. For precipitation, the correlation between the satellite product and ground data improved if cumulative precipitation or only precipitation during the growing season was used.     

Modeling Study of the Global Distribution of Radiative Forcing by Dust Aerosol

To quantitatively understand the dust aerosol effects on climate change,we calculated the global distribution of direct radiative forcing due to dust aerosol under clear and cloudy skies in both winter and summer,by using an improved radiative transfer model and the global distribution of dust mass concentration given by GADS (Global Aerosol Data Set).The results show that the global means of the solar forcing due to dust aerosol at the tropopause for winter and summer are –0.48 and –0.50 W m-2 ,respectivel...     

RS and GIS-based Statistical Analysis of Secondary Geological Disasters after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake

Using RS and GIS means,this article analyzes the general geological characteristics and the structural belt distribution features in Wenchuan County,Sichuan province,P.R.China as well as the characteristics of the large-scale landslides,mud-rock flows,earthquake lakes,etc.,after the earthquake on May 12,2008.Based on the above work,comprehensive indoor and outdoor research is launched on disaster distribution characteristics and their relationship with earthquakes,terrains, strata,lithology,and structure...     

穿云飞机电磁噪声的实验分析

利用高灵敏度和高时空精度的三维雷电观测系统LMA(Lightning Mapping Array)分析穿云飞机的观测资料,发现这一系统在地面可探测到穿云飞机产生的60～66MHz带宽内的电磁辐射,其强度在1W～10kW之间,甚至更高,且与所探测到的辐射源数成线性反比,辐射是由飞机上的尖端放电产生的. 穿云飞机在10～12km高度上产生的辐射最强,且在靠近发生闪电的对流区比远离这一区域强. 飞机穿过不同云系时,辐射强度不同,其中穿过层状云系时,辐射最弱.