In-Situ Observation of Fluid Mud in the North Passage of Yangtze Estuary, China

Observations of fluid mud were made in the lower North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary in February 2000, on 10 -11 August 2000, on 30 - 31 August 2000 (after two strong typhoons), on 21 - 24 August 2000 (neap tide) and on 3 -6 September 2000 (mean tide) respectively. In situ data show that the fluid mud in this area consists of fine cohesive sediment (median size 7.23 μm). The formation and movement of fluid mud varied during the neap-spring and flood-ebb tidal cycle. Observations suggest that fluid mud phenomena in this area may be categorised in a three-fold manner as slack water, storm and saltwedge features. The thickness of the fluid mud layer of slack water during the neap tide ranged from 0.2 to 0.96 m, whereas during the mean tide, the thickness ranged from 0.17 to 0.73 m, and the thickness of the fluid mud layer was larger during slack water than at the flood peak. Shoals cover an area of 800 km^2 with a water depth smaller than 5 m. Erosion of these extensive intertidal mudflats due to storm action provides an abundant sediment source. This is particularly significant in this estuary when the tidal level is lower than 5 m. The lower North Passage is a typical zone of saltwater wedging, so the saltwedge fluid mud has the most extensive spatial range in the estuary.     

南澎列岛及邻近海域地质地貌与灾害地质分析

南澎列岛及邻近海域是广东沿海灾害地质因素较集中和类型较齐全的地区之一。根据野外调查资料，简要地分析了区内地质地貌以及活动断裂、地震活动、地面沉降、滑坡、地裂和沙土液化等基本特征和分布规律，同时还对区内地质灾害进行了初步分析。     

南沙群岛海区珊瑚礁灾害性地质分析

珊瑚礁是一种特殊的岩土介质，有独特的灾害地质类型。珊瑚礁灾害地质研究是现代工程地质学的一个新课题。通过珊瑚礁的地质记录研究了内动力灾害地质类型（包括活动断裂、地震和火山活动等）、外动力灾害地质类型（包括海底槽谷与地形突变带、崩塌、滑坡、峰礁与埋藏礁、泥丘、埋藏负地貌等），同时还分析了人类活动对珊瑚礁发育的影响。     

基于DSP的水下图像传输系统研究

本文研究了基于高性能的DSP芯片TMS320C549的水下图像传输系统，并采用Goertzel算法进行信源编码和MFSK调制方式、运用Turbo码进行信道的编、解码，来实现水下视频图像高速数据传输的目的。     

从受训神经-模糊模型中提取知识

本文对用于模式分类、函数逼近、参数估计的多层感知器 (MLPs)给出 1个清晰的关于内部行为的解释。作者以单隐层的 MLP为例 ,论述了关于 MLP的内部行为的半线性分析理论。对受训的MLP,将隐层单元的输出分别定义为网络输出的正、负“内部分量”;定义内部分量的连接权重集为给定问题的“内部判别模式”;建立了 MLP和模糊集相结合的新模型 ;分析了 MLP的结构为 N- 2 - 1和N- H- 1 ,给出权重初始化的方法 ;提出了 1种从受训神经 -模糊模型 (NFMs)中提取知识的全新的具有实用价值的方法。     

碳水化合物的组合合成

碳水化合物的组合合成是一项新兴技术，该技术可以在短时间内合成大量用于进行生物活性筛选的寡糖及拟糖物。液相与固相合成技术可以极大地加快药物研究与开发进程。作者针对该技术在碳水化合物合成方面的研究进展情况进行讨论。     

水下图像在海洋生态监测中的作用

海洋生态监测包括自然环境和生物群落的监测两部分。海洋生态系统中绝大多数生物群落生活在水中。因此,能真实反映水下自然环境和生物群落状况及其变化的水下图像,对海洋生态监测显得尤为重要。水下照相和水下摄像作为获取水下图像的主要手段已被广泛利用。     

套子湾表层沉积物地球化学特征的研究

本文对套子湾表层沉积物中的pH、Eh、硫化物、氮、磷、有机质、铜、铅、锌、镉地球化学特征进行了分析研究.并讨论了如下几个关系:①与沉积类型之间的关系;②其相关性与环境的关系。③与矿物的关系;④与水和风等作用的关系;⑤与水化学的关系;⑥重点分析了表层沉积物中化学要素与生物的相互关系。这不仅为该湾的开发治理.生物养殖等提供科学依据.并进一步证明沉积物地球化学.在环境化学和生态学研究等方面的理论意义。     

Algorithm for HF radar vector current measurements

A new algorithm is proposed, called the stream function method (SFM) for producing vector current maps from radial data measured by dual-site high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR). In SFM, a scalar stream function is constructed under some oceanographic assumptions. The function describes the two-dimensional (2-D) ocean surface water motion and is used to obtain the distribution of vector currents. The performance of SFM is evaluated using simulated radial data, which demonstrates that SFM has advantages over typical vectorial combination methods (VCM) both in error acceptance and robustness, and excels another method based on least-squares fitting (LSF) in recovering the complicated current models. Furthermore, SFM is capable of providing the total currents based on radials from single-site radar. We also test the assumptions of horizontal non-divergence in the simulation. The new algorithm is applied to the field experiment data of Wuhan University’s ocean state measuring and analyzing radar (OSMAR), collected in the coastal East China Sea during April 11–17, 2004. Quantitative comparisons are given between radar results by three current algorithms and in-situ current meter measurements. Preliminary analysis of the vertical current shear is given based on the current meter measurements.     

Digital preprocessing techniques for GLORIA II sonar images

Image processing techniques are discussed that correct distortions in GLORIA II side scan sonar imagery including water column offset, slant-range distortion, multiple returns, aspect ratio, speckle noise, striping, and cross-track power drop-off. The software operates within NASA's ELAS image processing system and is applied to the original 12-bit GLORIA II data. Procedures are discussed for generating large scale mosaics and three-dimensional overlays with sea floor bathymetry. The results are shown in four sonographs acquired off the southern coast of California.