Transformation of Wave Energy Spectrum in Shallow Water

- Combined with irregular wave-maker, the growing process of Wave Energy Spectrum in shallow water can be studied in wind wave channel on different water depth conditions, and its transformation characteristics and rules can be obtained.     

Experimental Study on Rectangular Floating Breakwaters

This paper proposes ten types of improved floating breakwaters for experiment with regular waves, based on the experience in the development and manufacture of existing floating breakwaters both at home and abroad, and on the results of experimental studies on the hydraulic characteristics of several types of floating breakwaters. The wave heights before and behind the breakwaters are measured, the movements of floating breakwaters are observed and the chain forces of the floating breakwaters are measured. The paper studies and compares the hydraulic characteristics of the improved rectangular floating breakwaters of which the internal and external structures and their installation methods are changed. Finally the optimal type of structure is selected through experiments.     

海水养殖与生态环境关系的研究——Ⅰ.无机氮对浮游植物生长的影响

采用中尺度受控生态实验、小型混养实验和虾池取样测定,研究海水中无机氮、N/P比值和藻类光合作用速率的变化规律,分析了无机氮和溶解有机氮(DON)的相互转化,比较了钙质角毛藻对不同形式无机氮的吸收,探讨了人工养殖海水中无机氮对浮游植物生长的影响。     

Analytical Solutions to the Flow Field Induced by Uniformly Moving Multiple Helical Vortex Filaments

This paper presents analytic solutions for the flow field of inviscid fluid induced by uniformly and rigidly moving multiple helical vortex filaments in a cylindrical pipe. The relative coordinate system is set on the moving vortex filaments. The analytical solutions of the flow field are obtained on the assumption that the relative velocity field induced is time-independent and helically symmetrical. If the radius of the cylindrical pipe approaches infinity, these solutions are also available for tmbounded space. The results show that both the absolute velocity field and pressure field are periodical in time, and may reduce to time-independent when the helical vortex filaments are immobile or slip along the filaments themselves. Furthermore, the solution of velocity field is reduced to Okulov‘s formula for the case of a single static vortex filament in a cylindrical pipe. The calculated locations of pressure peak and valley on the pipe wall agree with experimental results.     

A 2D Mathematical Model for Sediment Transport by Waves and Tidal Currents

In this study, the combined actions of waves and tidal currents in estuarine and coastal areas are considered and a 2D mathematical model for sediment transport by waves and tidal currents has been established in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. Non-equilibrium transport equations of suspended load and bed load are used in the model. The concept of background concentration is introduced, and the formula of sediment transport capacity of tidal currents for the Oujiang River estuary is obtained. The Dou Guoren formula is employed for the sediment transport capacity of waves. Sediment transport capacity in the form of mud and the intensity of back silting are calculated by use of Luo Zaosen＇ s formula. The calculated tidal stages are in good agreement with the field data, and the calculated velocities and flow directions of 46 vertical lines for 8 cross sections are also in good agreement with the measured data. On such a basis, simulations of back silting after excavation of the waterway with a sand bar under complicated boundary conditions in the navigation channel induced by suspended load, bed load and mud by waves and tidal currents are discussed.     

Finite Element Analysis of soft Foundation Strengthening by Vacuum Loading from Lower Position

Strengthening soft foundation by vacuum loading from lower position is a new method of ac-celerating the consolidation of dredger fill.This paper presents the mechanism of soft foundation strength-ening by vacuum loading from lower position and evaluates the effectiveness of this method under variousboundary conditions by means of finite element method(FEM)on the basis of Biot's consolidationtheory.     

High-Order Models of Nonlinear and Dispersive Wave in Water of Varying Depth with Arbitrary Sloping Bottom

High-order models with a dissipative term for nonlinear and dispersive wave in water of va-rying depth with an arbitrary sloping bottom are presented in this article.First,the formal derivations toany high order of μ(=h/λ,depth to deep-water wave length ratio)and ε(=α/h,wave amplitude todepth ratio)for velocity potential,particle velocity vector,pressure and the Boussinesq-type equations forsurface elevation η and horizontal velocity vector U at any given level in water are given.Then,the exactexplicit expressions to the fourth order of μ are derived.Finally,the linear solutions of η,U,C(phase ce-lerity)and C_g(group velocity)for a constant water depth are obtained.Compared with the Airy theory,excellent results can be found even for a water depth as large as the wave legnth.The present high-ordermodels are applicable to nonlinear regular and irregular waves in water of any varying depth(from shal-low to deep)and bottom slope(from mild to steep).     

The New Form of Time-Dependent Mild Slope Equation for Random Waves

The mild-slope equation derived by Berkhoff (1972), has widely been used in the numerical calculation of refraction and diffraction of regular waves. However, it is well known that the random sea waves has a significant effect in the refraction and diffraction problems. In this paper, a new form of time-dependent mild slope equation for irregular waves was derived with Fade approximation and Kubo's time series concept. The equation was simplified using WKB method, and simple and practical irregular mild slope equation was obtained. Results of numerical calculations are compared with those of laboratory experiments.     

Structural Vibration Mode Re-Analysis of Offshore Structures

-This paper reviews the current methodology for dynamic reanalysis. Rayleigh-Ritz approach and receptance approach are discussed in detail. Based on a general finite element structural analysis program SAPS, an eigenproblem re-analysis prorgram ERP was compiled. With a very small change the program can be implemented readily with any general FEM program. Finally, some numerical examples show that the new algorithm is of high precision and efficiency. In the case of local modification in the offshore platform, the efficiency is raised by 20- 50 times when compared with the re-calculation of the whole model.