二维地质体的瞬变电磁场响应特征

直接从时间域出发 ,应用时域有限差分方法 (FDTD)分析地下和地面的瞬变响应。由于二维情况便于图形表示 ,采取了线源二维地电模型。通过对二层均匀地电结构和含二维低阻体时地面垂直感生电动势曲线的计算 ,说明瞬变场响应有滞后现象 ,即异常地质体一旦引起瞬变响应 ,就会往后延时 ,并使响应延续较长时间。在实际的工程勘察中 ,曾用 3～ 5ms以后的延迟时间探测过较浅的异常体 ,如 2 0m至 150m深度范围内的地下老窑采空区 ,并取得了较好的探测效果 ,上述数字模拟结果为以往的实践提供了理论依据     

华南上地壳速度分布与基底、盖层构造研究

对华南地区有代表性的几条宽角地震剖面进行了研究,利用初动到时资料拟合剖面地带地壳上部详细的速度分布,结合其他地球物理资料与地质资料对地壳基底和沉积盖层的构造进行了综合解释. 结果表明,浙-闽-粤东部地区在地壳基底上分布一系列中生代火山岩断陷盆地,火山岩盖层厚度变化为1000-4000m. 浙西-皖南以及湘-赣地区地壳基底起伏较大,盖层主要为古生界,并发育许多受基底形态与边界断裂控制的小型中生代白垩纪盆地. 华南西部的楚雄盆地为一构造复杂的深坳陷,其中侏罗-白垩系的厚度超过10km,并被分割为东部斜坡和西部坳陷两个单元,而西部坳陷又被一中央隆起分割为东、西两个更次级的凹陷. 区内一些主要的断裂构造在速度等值线图上均有明显的反映,如东部的江绍断裂、莲花山断裂和吴川-四会断裂以及西部的程海断裂和绿汁江断裂都是重要的构造分界,此外众多的基底断裂多是盆地与隆起的边界.     

复杂地形条件下航空伽玛能谱地形改正方法探讨

应用矩形辐射体航空伽玛辐射场理论,研究应用于复杂地形条件下的航空伽玛能谱资料的地形改正方法,并针对该方法进行验证. 本文利用航空物探测量过程中获得的DTM数据（达到了地形改正所需的地形起伏数据精度）,应用矩形辐射体航空伽玛辐射场理论,根据地面辐射体与航空伽玛场分布之间的正演关系,对航空伽玛能谱解释方法的原理进行了正演分析和反演推导. 探索出一种按影响角进行地形改正的方法. 该方法特点是适合于任意飞行方式(缓地形和水平飞行均可)和任意地形条件航空伽玛能谱的逐点地形改正. 结果表明该地形改正方法能够基本消除航空伽玛能谱测量中的地形起伏产生的影响,经地形修正后的航空伽玛能谱异常能较正确地反映地面辐射体的真实情况.     

Effects of sedimentary layer on earthquake source modeling from geodetic inversion

Ground deformation as observed with GPS or InSAR has been broadly inverted in constraining source parameter of earthquakes. However, for earthquakes occurring beneath sedimentary basins, the very slow sub-surface shear velocity (v S , down to 200 m/s) may cause substantial bias to earthquake source inversion if simple crustal models are used. For Bohai basin, Sichuan basin and rock-sites, we test effects of sub-surface shear velocity structure on ground deformation, and find that up to a factor of 2 overest...     

崇明与南京台震前地电场变化异常分析

2001年11月3日和12月25日江苏南通地区分别发生了ML3.8和ML4.1的地震群事件. 本文以上海崇明地电场台和南京地电场台ZD9A大地电场仪的观测资料为研究对象，在阐述了多极距地电场观测去噪音原理的基础上, 研究了这两个台站地电场多极距观测系统的资料在震前的异常变化特征. 结果表明: ① 多极距观测去噪音方法是一种很好的识别地电场噪音的方法；② 在震前20天、2天及42天离震中较近的崇明台NS和NE方向上分别接收到了地震电信号, 其持续时间最长的为9天，而较远的南京台出现的异常信号都是噪音信号而非地震电信号；③ 地电场多极距观测系统中公用电极的布极方式是不可取的.      

基于Gabor-Daubechies小波束叠前深度偏移的角度域共成像道集

传统炮检距域共像集（CIG）在复杂介质中因波传播的多路径而存在反射体位置不确定的问题. 角度域CIG由于克服了这一缺陷而逐步成为速度分析、AVA以及振幅保真偏移成像等研究的主要手段. 以波动理论为基础的地震偏移成像方法的发展为获得高质量的角度域CIG提供了可靠的实现途径. 其中,基于波场局域化分解和传播的小波束域波场延拓和偏移成像方法,因其波场分解基本函数和传播算子在空间和方向上的双重局域特性,而成为角度相关分析研究的有效工具. 本文在采用Gabor Daubechies框架分解的小波束叠前角度域偏移成像基础上,利用不同的叠加方法由局部角度域像矩阵得到了反射角域CIG（CRAIG）和倾角域CIG（CDAIG）. 以SEG EAGE二维盐体模型为例,通过对CRAIG和CDAIG的对比,探讨了这两种角度域CIG的特点及其在地震偏移成像中的潜在应用.     

Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy of a Back-Arc Basin： A Case Study of the Qom Formation in the Kashan Area, Central Iran

The Qom Formation comprises Oligo-Miocene deposits from a marine succession distributed in the Central Basin of Iran. It is composed of five members designated as A-F. Little previous work exists on the sequence stratigraphy. Based on an integrated study of sequence stratigraphy with outcrop data, wells and regional seismic profiles, the Qom Formation is interpreted as a carbonate succession deposited in a mid-Tertiary back-arc basin. There are two second-order sequences (designated as SS1 and SS2) and five third-order sequences (designated as S1-S5). Five distinct systems tracts including transgressive, highstand, forced regressive, slope margin and lowstand have been recognized. The relationship between the sequences and lithologic sub-units has been collated and defined (S1 to S5 individually corresponding to A-C1, C2-C4, D-E, the lower and upper portions of F); a relative sea level change curve and the sequence stratigraphic framework have been established and described in detail. The coincidence of relative sea level change between that of the determined back-arc basin and the world indicates that the sedimentary cycles of the Qom Formation are mainly controlled by eustatic cycles. The variable combination of the systems tracts and special tectonic-depositional setting causally underpin multiple sequence stratigraphic framework styles seen in the carbonates of the back-arc basin revealing: (1) a continental margin basin that developed some form of barrier, characterized by the development of multiple cycles of carbonate-evaporites; (2) a flat carbonate ramp, which occurred on the southern shelf formed by the lack of clastic supply from nearby magmatic islands plus mixed siliciclastics and carbonates that occurred on the northern shelf due to a sufficient clastics supply from the land; and (3) a forced regressive stratigraphic stacking pattern that occured on the southern shelf and in basin lows due to the uplifting of the southern shelf. Thick and widespread aggradational framework limestone usually occurs in the initial sequences (S1 and S3) of the supersequence, which led to preferential oil reservoir deposition but a lack of source and cap rocks, whereas the retrogradational and progradational framework limestone usually occurs in the later sequences (S2 and S4-S5) of the supersequence, which results in two perfect sets of source, reservoir and cap rock assemblies, so that the limestone in sub-member C2-C4 and the F-Member can be predicted as important objects for oil exploration.     

Fluidization： An Important Process in the Formation of the Qiyugou Au-bearing Breccia Pipes in Central China

Fluidization processes based on experiments are reviewed to gain some useful insights and comparisons with those that occur in hydrothermal systems. Field and petrographic work, and microscope observation were carried out on samples from the Qiyugou Au-bearing breccia pipes from the East Qinling region, Henan Province. Evidence from macro- and micro-textures suggests that the style of breccias in the Qiyugou area can be grouped into three types： （1） jigsaw fit-stockwork texture, in which the interval between clasts is marked by fractures or filled with calcite or quartz veins; （2） larger breccias that are supported by smaller breccias, rock flour and alteration materials; in this type clasts moved over short distances, creating open spaces; （3） fluidized texture, where the clasts of different lithologies have rounded shapes. These observations are compared with those resulting from experiments on fluidization processes. The results of this comparison suggest that fluidization is an important geological process in the formation of the Qiyugou Au-bearing breccia pipes and gold mineralization. In addition, fluidization processes such as expansion, bubbling, slugging, channeling and spouting must have contributed to the formation of the pipes and were conducive to the development of gold mineralization. In the Qiyugou breccia pipes, gold mineralization occurs as disseminations, in stockwork veins, and open space infills. The ore zones form subparallel sheets that are nearly perpendicular to the walls of the pipes.     

Removal of Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution by Silicate-incorporated Hydroxyapatite

This article reports a preliminary research on silicate-incorporated hydroxyapatite as a new environmental mineral used to remove cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. The silicate-incorporated hydroxyapatite was prepared by coprecipitation and calcining, and silicate was incorporated into the crystal lattice of hydroxyapatite by partial substitution of phosphate. The amount of cadmium ions removed by silicate-incorporated hydroxyapatite was significantly elevated, which was 76% higher than that of pure hydroxyapatite. But the sorption behavior of cadmium ions on silicate-incorporated hydroxyapatite was similar to that of pure hydroxyapatite. Morphological study revealed that silicate incorporation confined the crystal growth and increased the specific surface area of hydroxyapatite, which were in favor of enhancing the cadmium ion sorption capacity of the samples. Incorporation of silicate into hydroxyapatite seems to be an effective approach to improve the environmental property of hydroxyapatite on removal of aqueous cadmium ions.     

西藏罗布莎铬铁矿床中的金刚石包体X更线衍射研究

在西藏罗布莎蛇绿岩的豆荚状铬铁矿石及橄榄岩中找到了金刚石,少数金刚石存在有硅酸盐包体。本研究采用X射线衍射中的CCD(电子藕合)探测技术,测得了粒度仅为20 μm左右的包体矿物的粉晶X衍射数据,数据表明该硅酸盐包体有两种,为滑石和蛇纹石。从而说明了西藏罗布莎产于蛇绿岩中的金刚石是天然金刚石,并非“人工合成物”。