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81.
A Note on Soil Structure Resistance of Natural Marine Deposits 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
It has been well documented that natural normally-consolidated marine soils are generally subjected to the effects of soil structure. The interpretation of the resistance of soil structure is an important issue in the theory study and engineering practice of ocean engineering and geotechnical engineering. It is traditionally considered that the resistance of soil structure gradually disappears with increasing stress level when the applied stress is beyond the consolidation yield stress. In this study, however, it is found that this traditional interpretation of the resistance of soil structure can not explain the strength behavior of natural marine deposits with a normally-consolidated stress history A new interpretation of the resistance of soil structure is proposed based on the strength behavior. In the preyield state, the undrained strength of natural marine deposits is composed of two components: one developed by the applied stress and the other developed by the resistance of soil structure. When the applied stress is beyond the consolidation yield stress, the strength behavior is independent of the resistance of soil structure. 相似文献
82.
Pollen-based reconstructions of Holocene vegetation and climatic change of Tibetan Plateau 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A synthesis of Holocene pollen records from the Tibetan Plateau shows the history of vegetation and climatic changes during the Holocene. Palynological evidences from 24 cores/sections have been compiled and show that the vegetation shifted from subalpine/alpine conifer forest to subalpine/alpine evergreen sclerophyllous forest in the southeastern part of the plateau; from alpine steppe to alpine desert in the central, western and northern part; and from alpine meadow to alpine steppe in the eastern and southern plateau regions during the Holocene. These records show that increases in precipitation began about 9 ka from the southeast, and a wide ranging level of increased humidity developed over the entire of the plateau around 8-7 ka, followed by aridity from 6 ka and a continuous drying over the plateau after 4-3 ka. The changes in Holocene climates of the plateau can be interpreted qualitatively as a response to orbital forcing and its secondary effects on the Indian Monsoon which expanded northwards 相似文献
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85.
Yee-Meng CHIEW 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(4):385-399
Armoring countermeasures, such as riprap stones, are the primary method used to protect bridge piers against scouring; however, these methods have not had definitive success. Recently, flow-altering countermeasures, such as sacrificial piles, have been tested as an alternative to armoring countermeasures. This study investigated the mechanics of an innovative flow-altering countermeasure device, frames in the shape of tetrahedrons that act as a pier-scour countermeasure. Results of measured characteristics for turbulence flow showed that the flow around the tetrahedral frames can be divided into three regions: (1) a deceleration region near the sediment bed; (2) an acceleration region in the middle of water depth region; and (3) a restoration region near the water surface. The velocity magnitudes, turbulent intensities and vorticities decreased in the deceleration region, increased in the acceleration region and reverted to that of the unprotected condition in the restoration region. This pier-scour countermeasure is innovative because of its ability to dissipate energy associated with the downflow and the horseshoes vortex generated around the bridge pier. The scour tests revealed that the frames protected the foundation of bridge piers against scour. The experimental results showed that the percentage reduction of scour depth decreased as the velocity ratio, U/U c , decreased, reaching a value of 50% for the range of parameters tested in this study. Moreover, its efficiency was dependent on the placement density of the frames. The data showed that the frames were more effective when η was larger. However, their influence becomes less significant when η≥ 0.16. 相似文献
86.
海岸带临港工业、海运物流与全球化大生产的探讨 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
海岸带是世界人口密集、经济发达的地带,在全球经济一体化和全球化大生产中具有重要的地位。近半个世纪以来,海岸带临港工业迅速崛起并持续高速发展,依托海港建设、大型船舶运输发展起来的临港工业和海运物流,在跨国公司的运作下形成了现代意义上的全球化大生产。这种生产方式使资源贫乏的日本快速发展成发达国家;深圳赤湾临港工业区成为中国高效益工业的典范。本文着重讨论了海岸带经济建设中大力发展临港工业对地区、国家和全球经济的影响,指出中国21世纪应大力开发利用海岸带港湾资源、重点建设全球化大生产的大进大出的基地,建立若干个具有国际竞争力的海岸带产业中心,推动国民经济持续、快速发展。 相似文献
87.
根据在西藏西北部日土县拉竹龙地区重新测量了西藏区调大队1984年所测的两个地层剖面——饮水河北岸剖面和兽形湖北岸剖面,在原来定为上奥陶统兽形湖组的底部发现了一套含笔石和几丁石化石的黑色页岩和炭质板岩,其中笔石Pristiograptus和几丁石Ancyrochitina brevicollis、Conochitina sp.为志留系兰多维列统Tely-chian阶的标准分子。同时在兽形湖组中也发现了大量兰多维列世的腕足类化石Hindella xizangensis和竹节石Gotlandellites sp.。证明了拉竹龙地区饮水河北岸和兽形湖北岸两个剖面均未出现真正的奥陶纪地层。通过所采集到的笔石、几丁石、腕足类、三叶虫、头足类、牙形刺、竹节石、珊瑚、遗迹化石的准确鉴定,重新修订了本地区志留系的划分和地层序列:自下而上依次为以笔石相为代表的兰多维列统饮水河组,以碎屑岩相为代表的兰多维列统兽形湖组,以碳酸盐沉积为主的文洛克统普尔错组和以碳酸盐岩相为主的罗德洛统至普里道利统野牛坡组。本区志留系目前发现的最低层位相当于兰多维列统Telychian阶的笔石带Spirograptusturriculatus带和Streptograptus crispus带,最高层位相当于欧洲和藏南壳相志留系的最高一个头足类化石带Kopaninoceras juncudum带或牙形刺组合Neoprioniodus latidentatus-Ligonodina siluria组合。 相似文献
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89.
给出红外点源IRAS 20231 3440附近恒星形成区近红外.JHK’和H2成像观测结果,以及与该IRAS点源成协的近红外点源IRS1的K波段分光观测结果..JHK’观测显示该区域存在嵌埋的年轻星天体,H2窄波段观测揭示了若干个氢分子发射结点,其中有几个结点排列成线形,暗示分子氢喷流的存在.喷流的北部与已知观测的分子外流成协,表明二者之间存在联系.喷流的走向提示IRS1可能是其激发源,对IRS1的K波段分光观测给出了进一步的证据.从近红外、MSX及IRAS资料估计出IRS1的能谱分布,表明它是一个处于ClassI状态的中等质量的年轻星天体. 相似文献
90.
平动及其在起潮力中的作用 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
在讨论日月起潮力时,可以不考虑地球的自转,把地球绕地月公共质心的运动直接看成平动是安全合理的,给出了在平动前提下,地球表面或地球内部任意一点在随地心绕地月公共质心作圆周运动时的轨迹方程,从而从数学上论证了可以把地球任意一点的起潮力定义为天体(月球或太阳)对该点的引力与地心引力的矢量差,既简明又抓住了起潮力的本质。 相似文献