2010年度地球物理与空间物理学科项目评审与资助成果

1 2010年度项目受理和统计分析1.1项目受理2010年度地球物理与空间物理学科申请项目总计942项。其中面上项目535项,青年科学基金项目305项,地区基金10项,国家杰出青年基金项目24项,华北克拉通破坏重大研究计划项目26     

中亚地区阿姆河盆地查尔朱、布哈拉阶地构造特征及演化

阿姆河盆地是中亚地区重要的含油气盆地,位于阿姆河北岸的查尔朱阶地和布哈拉阶地为盆地的二级构造单元,其油气资源量占全盆地的一半。油气主要富集于阶地的局部背斜构造和生物礁圈闭中,这些圈闭与该区构造形成演化密不可分。利用常规地质资料,通过精细地层对比和地震资料解释,识别出两个关键界面:侏罗纪末的断拗转换面和早第三纪末的区域角度不整合面,并结合板块构造理论确定了构造变形时期。研究认为,侏罗纪以来两阶地经历了侏罗纪—白垩纪断陷—拗陷期和早第三纪抬升—改造期两个重要演化阶段,形成了上、中、下三大构造层。断陷—拗陷阶段的沉积控制了该区的构造格局;中构造层膏盐层的发育丰富了后期的构造样式。早第三纪—晚第三纪的构造运动使该区构造发生了强烈变革,形成了典型的逆断裂、走滑断裂带和不对称复合背斜构造带。     

Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Southeast China Block: New insights from basin analysis

In order to better understand the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of Southeast China Block (SECB in short), this paper describes geological features of Mesozoic basins that are widely distributed in the SECB. The analyzed data are derived from a regional geological investigation on various Mesozoic basins and a recently compiled 1:1,500,000 geological map of Mesozoic–Cenozoic basins. Two types of basin are distinguished according to their tectonic settings, namely, the post-orogenic basin (Type I) and the intracontinental extensional basin (Type II); the latter includes the graben and the half-graben or faulted-depression basins. Our studies suggest that the formation of these basins connects with the evolution of geotectonics of the SECB. The post-orogenic basin (Type I) was formed in areas from the piedmont to the intraland during the interval from Late Triassic to Early Jurassic; and the formation of the intracontinental extensional basin (Type II) connects with an intracontinental crustal thinning setting in the Late Mesozoic. The graben basin was generated during the Middle Jurassic and is associated with a bimodal volcanic eruption; and the half-graben or faulted-depression basin, filled mainly by the rhyolite, tuff and sedimentary rocks during Early Cretaceous, is occupied by the Late Cretaceous–Paleogene red-colored terrestrial clastic rocks. We noticed that the modern outcrops of numerous granites and basins occur in a similar level, and the Mesozoic granitic bodies contact with the adjacent basins by large normal faults, suggesting that the modern landforms between granites and basins were yielded by the late crustal movement. The modern basin and range framework was settled down in the Cretaceous. Abundant sedimentary structures are found in the various basins, from that the deposited environments and paleo-currents are concluded; during the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic time, the source areas were situated to the north and northeast sides of the outcrop region. In this paper, we present the study results on one geological and geographical separating unit and two separating fault zones. The Wuyi orogenic belt is a Late Mesozoic paleo-geographically separating unit, the Ganjiang fault zone behaves as the western boundary of Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks, and the Zhenghe–Dapu fault zone separates the SE-China Coastal Late Mesozoic volcanic-sedimentary basins and the Wuyi orogenic belt. Finally, we discuss the geodynamic mechanisms forming various basins, proposing a three-stage model of the Mesozoic sedimentary evolution.     

锦屏一级水电站左岸抗力体基础处理洞室群围岩稳定性分析

通过对锦屏一级水电站左岸抗力体五层洞室岩体结构特征详细调查,采用水电围岩分类的方法对抗力体洞室进行围岩分类。分类结果表明：抗力体洞室围岩以Ⅲ2类围岩居多,占了50％左右,其次为Ⅳ类,占36％左右,Ⅲ1和Ⅴ类围岩所占比例较少。通过对洞室施工开挖失稳破坏现象的调查研究,分析了洞室失稳破坏的机制及破坏形式,认为围岩主要的破坏形式为弱面控制型的块体滑移塌落。对洞室监测资料的分析结果表明,在目前的支护条件下,总体监测未见异常,整体上基础处理洞室监测状态稳定。但F5、F42-9断层及煌斑岩脉等软弱部位应力及变形缓慢增加,需要加强监测。最后根据分析结果提出了建议。     

Response to Dersarkissian's comments on the structure of the Universe

We found that the structure of the Universe can be characterized by a set of actions ^s . This means that some discontinuous phenomena in the Universe can be considered as large-scale quantum effects. The behaviour of matter on a typical scale is determined by the behaviour of matter on other scales through the interactions.     

港口工程对粉砂淤泥质岸滩的影响

渤海湾西南岸粉砂淤泥质海岸处于岸滩蚀退状态,利用ECOMSED数值模拟方法,分析了港口工程建设对水动力和海底蚀淤的影响。研究结果表明,近岸海域-2 m等深线以内以侵蚀为主,侵蚀速率一般小于10 cm/a;-2~-6 m等深线以淤积为主,淤积速率一般在10 cm/a以下,局部大于20 cm/a,-6 m等深线侵蚀速率小于10 cm/a。黄骅港导沙堤建设后淤积区整体向海扩展,延伸至约-8 m等深线,面积增加约5.4%;航道最大淤积速率由61.9 cm/a减小为46.8 cm/a;导沙堤堤头受挑流作用冲刷速率达到29.7~30.2 cm/a。     

重力式海洋平台沉箱的断裂分析

研究重力式海洋平台沉箱的表面裂纹最大深度,通过考虑沉箱有一个内表面裂纹,将问题简化为无裂纹重力式平台问题和带裂纹矩形板问题的叠加,应用有限元方法对重力式海洋平台无裂纹情形进行了静力分析,得到了与裂纹位置对应处的环向拉应力。计算裂纹矩形板的应力强度因子,得到海洋环境荷载下沉箱内表面裂纹的最大深度为0.066 8m,计算结果可供海洋平台的设计参考。     

单一地层平台插桩地基土破坏模式及插桩深度有限元分析

自升式平台插桩是地基土在桩靴荷载作用下发生连续塑性破坏的过程,当地基极限承载力等于桩靴荷载时插桩完成。经典土力学极限承载力理论对土体潜在滑动面做了假设,无法有效分析土体内部的破坏过程。因而,研究采用有限元极限分析法对单一地层中插桩时地基土渐进破坏过程进行了模拟,并与Skempton、Terzaghi公式计算的极限承载力进行了对比,取得了较为一致的结果,同时对插桩深度进行了预测。     

Coupling winds to ocean surface currents over the global ocean

A Wind stress–Current Coupled System (WCCS) consisting of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and an improved wind stress algorithm based on Donelan et al. [Donelan, W.M., Drennan, Katsaros, K.B., 1997. The air–sea momentum flux in mixed wind sea and swell conditions. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 27, 2087–2099] is developed by using the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF). The WCCS is applied to the global ocean to study the interactions between the wind stress and the ocean surface currents. In this study, the ocean surface current velocity is taken into consideration in the wind stress calculation and air–sea heat flux calculation. The wind stress that contains the effect of ocean surface current velocity will be used to force the HYCOM. The results indicate that the ocean surface velocity exerts an important influence on the wind stress, which, in turn, significantly affects the global ocean surface currents, air–sea heat fluxes, and the thickness of ocean surface boundary layer. Comparison with the TOGA TAO buoy data, the sea surface temperature from the wind–current coupled simulation showed noticeable improvement over the stand-alone HYCOM simulation.