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排序方式: 共有196条查询结果,搜索用时 28 毫秒
61.
Miyazawa Yasumasa Yaremchuk Max Varlamov Sergey M. Miyama Toru Aoki Kunihiro 《Ocean Dynamics》2020,70(8):1129-1149
Ocean Dynamics - Operational ocean nowcast/forecast systems require real-time sampling of oceanic data for representing realistic oceanic conditions. Satellite altimetry plays a key role in... 相似文献
62.
Toru Ishikawa 《The Professional geographer》2019,71(2):197-209
This article examined long-term effects of using navigation tools on wayfinding and spatial orientation, through a survey analysis of the experience of using navigation tools and spatial aptitudes, and a behavioral experiment of real-world navigation. Experience of tool use was measured in terms of regular use (time length and frequency) and accumulated experience (time length multiplied by frequency). The survey analysis showed that frequent users of pedestrian navigation systems tended to be low on sense of direction and mental rotation. In contrast, longtime users of maps tended to be high on sense of direction and favor survey navigation strategies. The behavioral experiment showed that people who had more accumulated experience of using in-car navigation systems traveled less efficiently and learned the configurations of traveled routes less accurately with a mobile tool and a paper map. The analysis of long-term effects through structural equation modeling showed that spatial aptitudes and accumulated experience of tool use independently affect wayfinding and spatial orientation and that the negative effects of accumulated experience were larger than the positive effects of spatial aptitudes. The results and implications are discussed in relation to existing studies of short-term effects and spatial thinking. 相似文献
63.
CO2 ocean sequestration may be an effective option for mitigating global warming. There are risks associated with this process, particularly the local impact on deep-sea environments. Public acceptance is required for the implementation of this technology, even though the impacts have been proven to be trivial. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted to find the correlation between public acceptance of CO2 sequestration and influential factors by covariance structure analysis. In addition, risk communication via the Internet was carried out. These analyses revealed that careful investigation of the target oceanic site and field experiments are important in gaining public acceptance of CO2 sequestration. 相似文献
64.
Masakazu Niwa Koji Shimada Shuji Terusawa Akira Goto Nariaki Nishiyama Toru Nakajima Takanori Ishihara Hiroaki Hakoiwa 《Island Arc》2024,33(1):e12516
This study investigated geological evidence for near-surface crustal deformation in a high-strain shear zone that has been geodetically identified but which is not associated with obvious tectonic landforms. Fieldwork was conducted in the east–west-trending southern Kyushu high-strain shear zone (SKHZ), Japan, focusing mainly on occurrences of fracture zones, which are defined by a visible fracture density of >1 per 10 cm2 and are commonly associated with cataclasite, fault breccia, and gouge. The area in which east–west-trending fracture zones are dominant is restricted to the east–west-trending, ~2-km-wide aftershock area of the 1997 Northwestern Kagoshima Earthquakes. Analysis of slip data from minor faults using the multiple inverse method, irrespective of whether the faults are in fracture zones, reveals that the area where the calculated main stress field is consistent with the current stress field estimated from focal-mechanism solutions of microearthquakes is restricted to the east–west-trending aftershock area. This finding for the SKHZ contrasts with the case of the Niigata–Kobe Tectonic Zone, which is a major strain-concentration zone with many exposed active faults in central Japan and for which the stress field estimated using fault-slip data is considered to be uniform and coincides with the current stress field. The cumulative amount of displacement estimated from the areal density of fracture zones in the SKHZ study area is smaller than that estimated from geodetically measured strain rates. Investigations based on slip data from minor faults and fracture-zone occurrence could help to identify concealed faults that are too small to generate tectonic landforms but which are sufficiently large to trigger major earthquakes. 相似文献
65.
Jun-ichi Ando Tetsuo Irifune Toru Takeshita Kiyoshi Fujino 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1997,24(2):139-148
Olivine single crystals have been deformed under high confining pressure (P=5?GPa) and temperature (T=1400?°C) conditions in a multi-anvil high pressure apparatus. NaCl, diamond and NaCl+diamond (2:1 by volume) powders were encapsulated along with the olivine single crystals in order to produce a range of stress states. The change of the non-hydrostatic stress transmitted to the olivine samples, enclosed within these three different media, during heating has been evaluated by observation of dislocation microstructure and density. A higher differential stress can be generated with diamond powder (0.1?GPa) than with NaCl powder (0.02?GPa). Although an intermediate differential stress between 0.1?GPa and 0.02?GPa had been expected to be generated using NaCl+diamond powder, the generation of non-hydrostatic stress in the olivine sample was unsuccessful. This may be caused by the fact that compaction (or sintering) proceeded in the capsule throughout the experiments. The most important finding of these experiments is that a constant non-hydrostatic stress can be applied to a sample under very high pressure and temperature conditions within the multi-anvil high pressure apparatus for the duration of the experiment. This approach is therefore suitable for investigating the steady-state rheological properties of mantle minerals at near-mantle conditions. 相似文献
66.
67.
Shusaku Inoue Anil C. Wijeyewickrema Hiroyuki Matsumoto Hiroyuki Miura Priyantha Gunaratna Manoj Madurapperuma Toru Sekiguchi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(2-3):395-411
The December 26, 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake that registered a moment magnitude (Mw) of 9.1 was one of the largest earthquakes in the world since 1900. The devastating tsunami that resulted from this earthquake
caused more casualties than any previously reported tsunami. The number of fatalities and missing persons in the most seriously
affected countries were Indonesia - 167,736, Sri Lanka - 35,322, India - 18,045 and Thailand - 8,212. This paper describes
two field visits to assess tsunami effects in Sri Lanka by a combined team of Japanese and Sri Lankan researchers. The first
field visit from December 30, 2004 – January 04, 2005 covered the western and southern coasts of Sri Lanka including the cities
of Moratuwa, Beruwala, Bentota, Pereliya, Hikkaduwa, Galle, Talpe, Matara, Tangalla and Hambantota. The objectives of the
first field visit were to investigate the damage caused by the tsunami and to obtain eyewitness information about wave arrival
times. The second field visit from March 10–18, 2005 covered the eastern and southern coasts of Sri Lanka and included Trincomalee,
Batticaloa, Arugam Bay, Yala National Park and Kirinda. The objectives of the second visit were mainly to obtain eyewitness
information about wave arrival times and inundation data, and to take relevant measurements using GPS instruments. 相似文献
68.
We propose a simple theoretical radiation scheme for regular building arrays. The essential difference of the present radiation scheme from the previous ones is the explicit consideration of the three-dimensional features of the surface geometry. The model is assumed to be an infinitely extended regular array of uniform buildings, each building composed of six faces (roof, floor, and four vertical walls). Without using time-consuming iterations or statistical approaches, we calculated the view factors of the faces, the complicated sunlit--shadow distributions, and the resulting canopy albedo for any time and location. The model was evaluated by comparing to outdoor experiments in a wide range of seasons and surface geometries. The simulated canopy albedos agreed well with measured values, and the accuracy is a significant improvement over two-dimensional-based model outputs. 相似文献
69.
Toru Hirawake Hiroo Satoh Takashi Ishimaru Yukuya Yamaguchi Motoaki Kishino 《Journal of Oceanography》2000,56(3):245-260
Both historic and currently operational chlorophyll algorithms of the satellite-borne ocean color sensors, such as SeaWiFS, were evaluated for in situ spectral radiation and chlorophyll data in some Case I waters, including the waters in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean. Chlorophyll a concentration of the data set (n = 73) ranged from 0.04 to 1.01 mg m–3. The algorithms had higher accuracy for the low- and mid-latitude waters (RMSE: 0.163–0.253), specifically the most recently developed algorithms of OCTS and Sea WiFS showed 0.163 and 0.170 of Root Mean Square Errors, respectively. However, these algorithms had large errors (0.422–0.621) for the Southern Ocean data set and underestimated the surface chlorophyll by more than a factor of 2.6. The absorption coefficients in the blue spectral region retrieved from remote sensing reflectance varied in a nonlinear manner with chlorophyll a concentration, and the value in the Southern Ocean was significantly lower than that in the low- and mid-latitude waters for each chlorophyll a concentration. The underestimation of chlorophyll a concentration in the Southern Ocean with these algorithms was caused by the lower specific absorption coefficient in the region compared with the low- and mid-latitude waters under the same chlorophyll a concentration. 相似文献
70.
Keisuke Ariyoshi Ryoko Nakata Toru Matsuzawa Ryota Hino Takane Hori Akira Hasegawa Yoshiyuki Kaneda 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2014,35(3):295-310
In order to understand the characteristics of shallow very low-frequency (VLF) events as revealed by recent ocean-floor observation studies, we perform a trial simulation of earthquake cycles in the Tonankai district by taking the characteristics of the 1944 Tonankai earthquake and assuming that slow earthquakes occur on numerous small asperities. Our simulation results show that the increase of moment release rate of shallower VLF events in the pre-seismic stage of a megathrust earthquake is higher than that of deeper VLF events. This increase may make leveling change due to VLF swarms detectable at Dense Oceanfloor Network system for Earthquakes and Tsunamis (DONET). We also introduce the time series of hydraulic pressure data at DONET, comparing with the leveling change expected from our numerical simulation. Since leveling change due to shallower VLF swarms is so local as to be incoherent, removal of the moving-averaged data from the data stacked by four nearby observation points in the same node may be useful to detect the short-term local leveling change. 相似文献