Spatial variability of biochemical responses in resident fish after the M/V Hebei Spirit Oil Spill (Taean, Korea)

This study describes the spatial variation and the duration of the impacts from the Hebei Spirit oil spill using specific biochemical indices in resident benthic fish. Enzymatic activities and biliary PAHs metabolites were higher at the site closer to the spill area in four months after spill incident. Regarding our results of detoxification response, markers of Phase I followed a similar trend in accordance with levels of biliary metabolites, while markers of phase II and GST appeared relatively unchanged.     

A roadmap for marine spatial planning: A critical examination of the European Commission's guiding principles based on their application in the Clyde MSP Pilot Project

The European Commission has developed a set of common principles for marine spatial planning in the European Union. A critical examination of these principles in practice is undertaken through an evaluation of the Clyde Marine Spatial Planning Pilot Project. The principles are found to be lacking in specificity and somewhat inconsistent with the ecosystem based approach, which they advocate. Lessons for new marine spatial planning initiatives, relating particularly to stakeholder participation, governance, data requirements, objective setting, and skills and knowledge needs, are derived from the Clyde Pilot.     

一株桑沟湾赤潮藻的分子鉴定

2011年5月山东荣成桑沟湾近海海域暴发赤潮,其规模在桑沟湾历史上罕见,较严重地影响了该海域水产动物的人工养殖。本文作者分离得到了赤潮暴发过程中海水里的一株优势种,并对其核糖体18S RNA基因(18S rDNA)和转录单元内间隔区(ITS)进行了序列扩增和分析。依据这两种序列构建的系统进化树都显示这株藻与卡罗藻Karlodinium veneficum(=K.micrum)完全聚在一起,因此推断出其应为K.veneficum,是一种常见有害赤潮藻。本文是卡罗藻在桑沟湾海域暴发的首次报道。     

Petrological evidence of kaolinite transformation to dawsonite

Clay minerals,especially authigene kaolinite,are abundant in the dawsonite-bearing sandstone from the Gudian and Qian'an regions in the southern Songliao Basin.The relationship between dawsonite and ka...     

时空间行为研究动态及其实践应用前景

随着国内外时空间行为研究的数据采集、计算挖掘、三维可视化与时空模拟等理论与技术的不断革新,时空间行为研究日益呈现出研究数据多源化、研究方法科学化、研究对象个体化、研究主题应用化等趋势。海外的时空间行为研究在结构化理论、GIS 以及其他社会科学领域中得到广泛的理论应用,中国的时空间行为研究经历了时间地理学的引入与描述性统计、城市空间与时空间行为的互动机理研究、基于位置感知设备的数据采集与规划应用等3 个阶段,正在步入实践应用的重要时期。时空间行为研究在城市规划、社会管理、居民服务等领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

Experimental study of human-induced effects on floor slab of an ancient Tibetan structure

With the opening of ancient Tibetan structures to visitors worldwide, human load has become the principal live load on these structures. This project studies the properties of the floor structure of an ancient Tibetan building and its behavior under human-induced load effects. Tests were conducted with static and dynamic crowd load, including stepping and jogging by people at a fixed position. The tests show that the floor structure does not behave as a continuous slab. It takes the load from local areas with minimal load transference properties. The acceleration response shows significant peaks when the footstep frequency is close to the natural frequency of the structure, but the human jogging excitation frequency does not have any obvious effect on the structural response. The elastic modulus of the Agatu material is estimated to be close to zero from the measured natural frequency of the slab. The Agatu material is concluded to be a discrete compacted material with insignificant contribution to the structural rigidity of the floor slab.     

Spatial distribution of Dactylogyrus wunderi Bychowsky on gills of Abramis brama orientalis Berg (Leuciscinae) in Irtysh River, China

The spatial distribution of the monogenean Dactylogyrus wunderi Bychowsky,1931 on the gill filaments of the bream Abramis brama orientalis Berg(Leuciscinae) inhabiting the Irtysh River of Xinjiang,China was investigated from June to July 2012.D.wunderi was identified by sequencing a fragment of its ITS rDNA region.Sixty-five fish were examined,with 55% testing positive for monogenean infection.The prevalence of the parasite in the left and right gill arches was 46% and 48%,respectively.In fish with a large body length,the prevalence of the parasite and the infection intensity did not significantly differ between the right and left gill arches but both were slightly higher in the former.Among the three size groups of fish(small,medium and large) the prevalence and the intensity of infection were lowest in fish with small body lengths.The distribution of the monogenean population in the host gills showed an aggregate distribution,with little change in the degree of aggregation,suggesting that most hosts were either not or only slightly infected by D.wunderi and that the parasite infected only a few hosts.In addition,differences in D.wunderi infections between gill arches of A.brama orientalis were not significant(P>0.05).     

基于GIS的城市商业网点规划实施效果评估

商业网点规划是指导和管理城市商业空间发展的法律依据,对实施效果的评估是评价规划和监督执行的重要措施之一。中国已实施的城市规划评估大都以定性评估方法为主,难以保证评估的客观性和科学性。基于长沙市商业网点规划和实地调查数据,从空间布局和业态结构两个方面,应用GIS分析方法,对发展现状与商业网点规划进行比较研究。研究显示:规划与现状存在较大差别,商业网点规划没有充分认识城市空间结构、商业业态的发展特点和空间区位选择机制,未能有效地引导和控制商业和业态空间结构的发展和演变。     

定性GIS在时空间行为研究中的应用

定性GIS已经成为地理学混合研究方法的重要组成部分,通过扎根理论并与可视化结合、GIS和民族志整合等途径,对时空间行为研究产生了深远的影响。其通过文本或非文本质性材料与GIS地理特征的整合,形成了时空行为研究中独特的地理环境系统与空间机制分析,一个重要的前沿领域就是地理叙事在时间地理学研究中的应用。时间地理学是研究人类时空行为的重要视角,但由于对个体主观性及行为的社会文化因素的相对忽视等原因,受到了一定的质疑。近年来以GIS为代表的地理空间技术的定性分析与表达,为时间地理学融入质性分析提供了方法论基础。关美宝创建的基于GIS的地理叙事方法,通过借鉴叙事分析的一般方法尤其是三维叙事空间分析,结合时间地理学概念框架,开发了基于GIS平台的计算机辅助叙事分析组件(3D-VQGIS),实现了在GIS内可视化的、循环交互的叙事分析,为定性GIS发展中GIS与叙事分析方法的融合做出了贡献。将地理叙事方法用于时空行为研究,可以为时间地理学方法创造一个更便于理解与解释研究对象日常行为的地理环境,为其融入行为与主体的质性分析提供从数据整合、数据分析到解释与展示的一整套研究方法与具体操作工具。     

基于HASM的中国森林植被碳储量空间分布模拟

当前区域尺度上森林碳储量估算主要依据森林资源清查数据,整个过程不仅消耗大量人力、物力,而且十分耗时,严重影响了森林碳储量估算的时效性。针对这一问题,本文提出了基于HASM的森林植被碳储量模拟方法,该方法以全球植被动态模型LPJ-Guess 输出的植被碳储量为驱动场,以森林清查样地数据为精度控制点,模拟生成中国陆地森林碳储量分布情况。研究以第7 次中国森林资源清查数据作为精度控制点数据源,同时作为本文模拟方法的精度验证。结果表明,中国森林碳储量为9.2405 Pg,考虑到森林资源清查是基于一定的郁闭度进行的,因此HASM模拟的结果与根据森林资源清查结果计算得出的7.8115 Pg 相比更符合实际情况,西南山区和东北林区是中国森林最主要的碳库,其碳储量分别占中国森林植被碳储量的39.82%和20.46%。同时与之前(1975-1995 年) 相比具有较大幅度的增长,表明近几十年来中国坚持大规模植树造林的碳汇效果显著。同时也表明基于HASM的森林植被碳储量空间分布模拟方法是有效的,模拟结果合理且精度较高,表明该方法在全球尺度上森林植被碳储量模拟及其它生态系统中碳储量模拟中具有应用潜力。