多年冻土区姜路岭隧道施工水热力数值研究

姜路岭隧道地处青藏高原多年冻土地区,其高海拔、高寒、缺氧环境下多年冻土及软弱大变形围岩的公路隧道设计施工技术属国内乃至亚洲首例,也是共（和）玉（树）高速公路重难点控制性工程。为研究姜路岭隧道施工过程中的水热力（变形）状态及其演变,采用冻土工程水热力耦合计算理论及数值仿真程序,模拟了该隧道三个关键施工步骤的水热力分布规律,以此提出了隧道修建过程中的重点监测位置及注意事项。研究成果可为姜路岭多年冻土隧道的设计施工提供理论指导和技术支持,进而为类似寒区隧道工程的设计和施工提供参考依据。     

Evolution of the mid-channel bars in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River from 1989 to 2014 based on the Landsat satellite images: impact of the Three Gorges Dam

The mid-channel bars have long been identified as essential landforms in the large rivers of the world, and the significance of connectivity between morphology and flow-sediment dynamics has been intensively emphasized. In this study, remote sensing images and associated hydrological data from 1989 to 2014 were used to explore mid-channel bars evolution in the middle and lower reach of the Changjiang and their responses to the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), the world’s largest hydrological engineering. The results indicated that mid-channel bars, respectively, exhibited deposition and erosion in the flood and dry season in pre-TGD period, while mild deposition in flood season and deposition in dry season were found in post-TGD period. As a consequence, mid-channel bars area was characterized by ‘remarkable seasonal differences in pre-TGD period, mild seasonal pattern in post-TGD period’. The obvious shift in seasonal features could be attributed to the TGD operation in 2003. Specifically, flood duration decrease and sediment load reduction following TGD regulation suppressed the bars growth in flood season. TGD-induced variations in differences between sediment carry capacity and suspended sediment concentration resulted in the bars transformation in dry season. Meanwhile, the change trends of downstream mid-channel bars became weak as their locations’ distance to TGD increases because of the river adjustment and tributaries supplement. Moreover, mid-channel bars in different river patterns presented various change trends with the most remarkable variation being detected in goose-head-shaped river pattern. The results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for the river channel improvement in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River.     

银额盆地西部蒙额地1井二叠纪叶肢介的发现及其意义

近年来,银额盆地油气勘探不断取得新发现与突破,但对钻井地层划分及主要油气产层时代存在巨大争议,或认为产层为白垩系,或认为产层属二叠系。2017年实施的蒙额地1井钻井及取心工作,在930.5~958.0m井段的灰色、灰绿色粉砂质泥岩、泥岩层和1085.0~1095.5m井段的深灰色泥岩层中发现叶肢介化石。第一层段叶肢介为加氏圆通古斯卡叶肢介(比较种)Cyclotunguzites cf.gazimuri Novojilov,第二层段叶肢介为额济纳旗半圆李氏叶肢介(新种)Hemicycloleaia ejinaqiensis Niu(sp.nov.)和内蒙古点列叶肢介(新种)Polygrapta neimengguensis Niu(sp.nov.),均为晚二叠世代表性叶肢介。在此基础上,通过钻井地层对比,明确了银额盆地主要油气发现井的产层为二叠系。叶肢介具有重要的生物古地理指示意义,通过二叠纪叶肢介的区域分布与对比,结合银额盆地石炭纪—二叠纪地层层序分析,进一步限定了古亚洲洋的闭合时限为前石炭纪。     

基于正则化方法的室内三维定位算法

首先简述了基于无线通信的室内三维定位技术的发展概况、实现方式以及有待研究解决的问题,然后详细叙述了定位算法的基本原理,分析并解决了病态方程组的求解问题,接着利用实测数据建立了非视距传播环境下(Non-Line Of Sight,NLOS)的测量误差模型,最终通过迭代得到终端的三维定位坐标。实验证明了该定位算法的精度在x、y轴能够达到0.2 m,在z轴能够达到1.8 m。     

城乡规划面积核实与房产测绘一体化系统研究与实现

研究通过开展一次测量、获取同一套数据、应用同一套系统、进行一次数据处理,即可同时出具满足建筑工程规划监督管理和房屋产权登记管理所需的数据,建立一套集建筑面积外业数据采集、内业数据处理、成果建库、业务管理等为一体的信息化系统。实现了城乡规划面积核实与房产测绘外业测量一体化、数据处理一体化、数据管理一体化、业务管理一体化,为建筑工程的建设及其相关行政管理提供了更加优质、高效的测绘服务。     

基于海相石盐流体包裹体的古海水演化热力学模拟

传统观点认为地质时期海水成分一成不变,然而包裹体测试技术的迅速发展,揭示出显生宙以来海水成分至少发生过两次大的旋回变化。本文基于世界多个海相沉积盆地的原生石盐包裹体实测数据,探讨了显生宙以来古海水地球化学、水化学类型、蒸发岩矿物组合特征的显著变化,并结合EQL/EVP卤水蒸发平衡模型,定量模拟了两种典型海水的蒸发演化过程、析盐规律和矿物组合特征,分析和探讨了中国海相沉积盆地的成钾前景。应用Spencer相图,揭示出在过去的600 Ma期间,古海水成分点在Cl-SO4和Ca-Cl两个相区内随时间发生周期性的震荡变化,志留纪、泥盆纪、侏罗纪和白垩纪的海水类型与现代海水迥然不同,为典型的Ca-Cl型水。Mg-2KSO4/Mg-Ca-2KJnecke相图分析结果显示,这些时期的石盐包裹体成分,位于富CaCl2、贫MgSO4的Mg-Ca-2K相图中光卤石、钾石盐稳定相区,指示原始海水相对于现代海水具有富Ca、贫Mg的特征,其析出的典型矿物组合主要有石盐、钾石盐、光卤石和溢晶石等。而新元古代、二叠纪和第三纪大部分石盐包裹体成分,都落到了Mg-2KSO4相图上的钾盐镁矾和钾石盐相区,和现代海水成分较为类似,具有富Mg2+、SO2-4的特征,其析出的典型矿物组合包括石盐、钾盐镁矾、硫镁矾、钾石盐和光卤石等。EQL/EVP定量模拟结果显示,富SO4-Mg型的海水和富CaCl型的古海水,蒸发演化路径和矿物析出序列截然不同,Ca-Cl型的海水更易形成优质钾盐矿床,有利的成钾时段为寒武纪-早石炭世、侏罗世-新生代早中期。     

湖北潜江凹陷古近系深层富钾卤水矿床特征及成因

潜江凹陷富钾卤水矿床是我国古近纪重要的卤水矿床之一,本文在详细的野外地质调查基础上,结合二维、三维地震解译,测井解译,室内化学分析,研究了该矿床储层特征、卤水赋存规律和地球化学特征,探讨了其矿床成因。富钾卤水主要赋存于古近系渐新统潜江组,含矿面积达1630km2,水化学类型主要为硫酸钠亚型,次为氯化钙型、硫酸镁亚型和碳酸盐型。卤水总矿化度平均值为280.94g/L,酸碱度在5~9之间。卤水储集体为砂岩,卤水矿床的分布主要受砂体展布的控制,各卤水组底板埋深表现出"一洼两斜坡"的展布特征,矿体厚度自北而南累积厚度减薄,东西方向以向斜为中心,累积厚度向东或向西逐渐增加。在平面上与沉积时期古地貌密切联系,在蚌湖、王场和周矶向斜沉降中心卤水矿化度最大,氯化钾、B2O3、LiCl、Br等微量元素含量相对较高,达到综合利用或工业品位。     

自适应卡尔曼滤波在地表沉降监测中的应用

方差补偿自适应卡尔曼滤波是在对观测数据进行递推滤波的同时,不断的对难以确定的模型参数和噪声进行估计和修正,以减小模型误差,使滤波结果更准确。本文采用方差补偿自适应卡尔曼滤波预测模型,对某矿区首采工作面地表沉降监测数据进行计算,得到相应的预测值,并与标准卡尔曼滤波预测值进行比较。探讨了方差补偿自适应卡尔曼滤波预测模型进行矿区地表沉降预测的可行性。     

The behaviour of beach elevation contours in response to different wave energy environments

Within the context of a warming climate, there are wide and increasing concerns about the way beaches respond to different wave energy environments. However, behavioural differences in changes in beach elevation contours (including shorelines) in different wave energy environments remain unknown. Thus, it is unilateral to evaluate the changes in beaches based on a single elevation contour (e.g. shoreline) in coastal engineering and management applications. In this study, based on the collected shoreline and wave energy data of two international beaches, as well as the measured beach elevation contour data from Yintan Beach and the corresponding wave energy data simulated by Xbeach, our results show that frequency distributions of beach elevation contour changes exhibit distinct features under different wave energy environments. Under high wave energy environments, the frequency distributions of beach elevation contour changes show a Gaussian distribution. However, frequency distributions of beach elevation contour changes present a power law, intermediate between the logarithmic and Gaussian distributions under low and moderate wave energy environments, respectively. Furthermore, the conceptual model of beach elevation contour changes constructed by this study indicates that the relative importance of the wave energy and sediment resistance determines this phenomenon. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd     

Deep Minerals in Ophiolitic Mantle Peridotites:Discovery and Progress

In the classic theory of plate tectonics, ophiolitic mantle peridotites (i.e., abyssal peridotite) are thought to originate in the shallow mantle beneath ocean spreading centers.Diamonds and other UHP minerals have been found in opholitic mantle peridotites and chromitites along the Neo-Tethyan Yarlung Zangbo suture of southern Tibet, and in a Paleozoic ophiolite in the Polar Urals of Russia,suggesting that UHP minerals may be widespread in ophiolitic peridotites.Diamonds from these different localities all have very similar features in C isotope and mineral inclusions,and are distinct from the other two well known types, i.e. kimberlitic diamonds and UHP metamorphicdiamonds. The occurrence of diamond in ophiolite indicate a completely new environment for diamond formation, which can be regarded as ophiolite-type diamond. These new findings indicate a need to reconsider the nature of the upper mantle and the conditions under which ophiolites form.