地下水同井抽回井施工技术与应用研究

地下水同井抽回井主要应用于浅层地热能开发。细颗粒地层中地下水抽回井的比例模式多数为1∶3～1∶6,不仅增加建设成本,而且造成占地面积大、管理不便和回灌困难等问题。针对该问题,通过分析和研究,利用钻探理论和水文地质条件设计了＂同井抽回两用系统＂,实现了在同一口井内抽水和回灌之目的,并在实际工程中取得了较好的效果。就钻井设备选择、成井工艺及应用效果进行了详细阐述。     

塔河油田奥陶系岩溶油藏溶洞储集体成因及演化

古岩溶作用形成的溶洞、溶孔、裂缝构成了塔河油田奥陶系缝洞型油藏的重要储集体,控制油气分布。塔河油田奥陶系古岩溶发育主要经历了加里东期和海西早期岩溶作用的改造,通过对塔河油田岩溶作用演化及发育期次的研究,认为O3s尖灭线以北为海西早期岩溶及加里东期岩溶共同作用的结果,以南区域主要为加里东期岩溶发育区。利用岩心、钻井、录井、测井、地震等资料相结合的方法,将塔河油田溶洞储集体从成因上划分为侵蚀型溶洞、异地沉积物充填型、原地沉积物充填型、塌陷型溶洞4种类型。结合塔河油田岩溶储层发育特征,建立了塔河油田奥陶系岩溶洞穴型储层的纵向分布模式和平面分布模式。     

内蒙古金厂沟梁金矿的构造特征及深部找矿预测

燕山运动以来,华北地台北缘进入了典型的陆内伸展造山阶段,究其成因可能与地幔热柱活动密切相关.研究认为金厂沟梁是一较典型的幔枝构造(地幔热柱多级演化的第三级单元),并且是该区主要的成矿控矿构造.本文在简述其成矿构造背景、含金矿脉主要特征的基础上,重点探讨了金厂沟梁金矿的矿体展布、成矿作用、控矿构造,进而总结了成矿规律,归...     

三峡库区白家包滑坡变形特征与影响因素分析

针对三峡库区阶跃型滑坡,以白家包滑坡为例,统计分析滑坡位移、变形速率和裂缝监测数据。显示滑坡在2007年6月之前为蠕动变形初期,受降雨和库水位等外界因素的作用,6月滑坡发生剧烈变形,之后一直保持约75°方向滑动。滑坡体中前部位移速率大于后缘,其变形具有牵引式特点。滑体上裂缝与变形位移具有一致性,位移量越大的区域裂缝越发育。将位移速率与降雨、库水位和地下水进行影响机制分析,建立滑坡变形与外界动态影响因素之间的响应关系。结果表明降雨量和库水位变化是引起滑坡季节性变形的主要因素,其中降雨强度、库水位下降及下降速率是导致滑坡位移速率波动大小的关键因子。     

河北平原土壤有机碳储量及固碳机制研究

利用2005年多目标区域土壤地球化学调查及20世纪70年代末全省第二次土壤普查土壤有机碳数据,对河北平原土壤有机碳密度及碳储量的时空变化规律、固碳机制及固碳潜力等问题进行了研究。结果表明,全省第二次土壤普查时土壤有机碳储量124．86Mt,2005年为176．08Mt,26年中增加了41．02％,表现出“碳汇”效应。据...     

High-resolution monitoring of nitrate variations in a typical subterranean karst stream, Chongqing, China

Globally, it is possible that up to 25% of the world’s population depends on karst water supplies. In karst areas, a high degree of groundwater and surface water linkage often results in the direct recharge of groundwater with polluted run-off following rainfall. In order to reveal the hydrochemical variations after rainfall, especially real-time variation of pollutants, high-resolution auto-monitoring techniques were used at the outlet of Qingmuguan subterranean stream (QSS), which is influenced by agricultural activities. In addition to rainfall, high-resolution measurements of pH, water level, electrical conductivity (Ec) and NO₃ ⁻ concentration were recorded in the monsoon season and fertilizer application period using a data logger with time intervals of 15 min. In the six observed rainfall events, the pH value was mainly controlled by acidic rainfall inputs. The pH showed sharp decline after the rainfall event, and then increased. The Ec was impacted by the rainfall chemistry, dilution effect of rainfall and agricultural wastewater. NO₃ ⁻ derived from agricultural activities was less impacted by rain chemistry; and its variations were mainly affected by the dilution effect of rainfall and agricultural wastewater. Under the influences of the R1 rainfall, the rapid changes of Ec and NO₃ ⁻ were opposite in direction. As the rain continued, both the Ec and NO₃ ⁻ rapidly changed in synchronization within the shortest period of 5 h and the longest of 27 h because of the impact of the agricultural wastewater. The groundwater quality changed due to the influx of agricultural wastewater over the entire monitoring period. According to the National Groundwater Quality Standard, People’s Republic of China (GB/T14848-9), the groundwater quality of the QSS moved through the following grades during the monitoring period: Grade III → Grade IV → Grade V → Grade IV → Grade V → Grade IV → Grade V → Grade IV → Grade III. Traditional sampling methods did not reveal accurate hydrochemistry changes of the QSS, and even generated misleading results. Consequently, the high-resolution auto-monitoring technique is necessary for the future protection and sustainable use of karst aquifer in Southwest China.     

湖北长阳火烧坪地区1：5万区调成果与主要进展

在湖北西部长阳地区完成的1：5万区域地质调查,以国际地层表（2008）为指南,从生物地层、岩石地层、事件地层、化学地层角度,对调查区地层进行了多重地层划分与对比研究。对长阳地区中／下奥陶统界线、奥陶系／志留系界线进行了重点研究,并与宜昌黄花场剖面、宜昌王家湾剖面进行了对比,实现了金钉子对比标志作用的区域拓展。对调查区各...     

电磁兼容设计在水声探测浮标系统中的应用

随着现代科学技术的发展,水声探测浮标系统也向着高灵敏度、高集成度、高可靠性方向发展,其对浮标系统的电磁兼容性能的要求越来越高.结合电磁干扰的形成因素及电磁干扰的传播途径等理论,分析了水声探测浮标系统在测量过程中出现的毛刺、尖刺等影响系统正常工作的干扰现象形成原因,提出了电磁兼容的改进措施,根据浮标系统结构等设计特点,主...     

基于集合预报的四类持续性灾害性天气中期概率预报应用技术分析

针对4类持续性、灾害性天气,利用集合平均、离散度、概率以及盒须图等方法对T213集合预报的数据进行再加工,得到其中期概率预报,包括全国范围的持续性降水、南方春季持续低温(重度低温)、南方春季低温(重度低温)连阴雨、江淮梅雨。其结果表明:(1)对于全国范围内的持续性降水过程,各类图都能很好的反映集合预报中不同量级的降水预报在10天之内的落区变化以及持续情况,并与实况对应较好。(2)对于南方低温和低温连阴雨,集合平均、离散度和概率图都能明显的反映出实际天气过程和范围的变化。(3)对于江淮梅雨这5个指标站的盒须图,能明显看出各集合成员在15个集合成员中的相对位置,以及数据的分布情况。同时还能看出集合成员与集合平均数之间的关系。梅雨日概率图则能直观的反映出10天之内每天达到梅雨日标准的概率,更有利于判断梅雨天气。     

Persistence of malachite green and leucomalachite green in perch (Lateolabrax japonicus)

The persistence of malachite green (MG), and its metabolite leucomalachite green (LMG), in fish tissues is still unclear, leading to many trade disputes. In this research, we established and evaluated an HPLC method that could detect MG and LMG simultaneously, and then investigated the persistence of these two toxins in the tissues of juvenile perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) post sub-chronic MG exposure at 1.0 mg/L. Exposure lasted for 2 h everyday and was repeated six times. The perch were then placed in MG-free seawater for 100 d to eliminate the toxins. Results show that MG accumulated in the tissues, including the gills, liver, muscle, blood and viscera, and then was metabolized rapidly to LMG. The concentrations of these two toxins increased significantly with the accumulation process. In general, the highest concentrations of MG and LMG in all tissue exceeded 1 000 μg/kg, except for MG in the muscle. The order of accumulation levels (highest to lowest) of MG was gill>blood>liver>viscera>muscle, while that of LMG was liver>blood>gill>viscera>muscle. High levels of MG or LMG could persist for several hours but decreased rapidly during the elimination process. The concentration of LMG was much higher than that of MG during the experiment, especially in the gill, liver and blood. Therefore, the three tissues play important roles in toxin accumulation, biotransformation, and elimination. Although the MG and LMG concentrations in muscle were much lower than in other tissues, the content still exceeded the European minimum required performance limit (MRPL), even after 2 400 h (100 d) of elimination. This demonstrates that it is extremely difficult to eliminate MG and LMG from tissues of perch, and therefore use of these toxins is of concern to public health.