辐射产品的卫星影像内部畸变几何标定

针对卫星发射以后,由于外部太空环境的变化和相机光学系统的径向畸变导致卫星成像影像的外部误差和内部畸变,须对光学遥感相机长期周期性地进行几何标定消除卫星影像系统误差和相机指向角误差提高卫星影像几何定位精度的问题,该文从简单易行的角度出发,基于相机的CCD固定偏差原理构建一种新型的模型或内标定算法消除影像的内部畸变,以经过畸变改正的卫星影像辐射产品为参考控制,采用亚像素匹配法构建内部畸变模型修正卫星遥感影像的内部畸变,并分别以不同侧摆角和影像行数的SJ9A和ZY3为实验和参考控制数据构建和验证新型标定模型的有效性和实用性。     

地表反射率数据库的构建及其应用

针对实现卫星对地观测的自适应多模态,需要根据先验判定卫星成像区域内地表覆盖类型及其反射率状况建立与太阳光照条件、地表覆盖类型、反射率相关的成像载荷积分时间、不同压缩比的成像参数设置模型,以选择最优的观测模式的问题,该文以中分辨率成像光谱仪(MERIS)地表反射率影像和GlobCover全球陆地覆盖分类图为数据源,建立了地表覆盖分类图及其反射率影像矢量化处理的技术流程,构建了以冰雪、沙漠、裸土、岩石、农作物、森林、草地、水体等不同地表覆盖类型及其在不同季节蓝、绿、红、近红外波段的地物反射率数据库。以此作为遥感卫星成像任务规划的技术支撑,构建自适应选择最优的观测模式,提升遥感图像的质量。     

震源机制对近场地震动反应谱的影响

将欧洲及其毗邻地区以及美国的部分近场强震记录按照震源机制进行分组,详细的分析了震源机制对水平和竖向分量地震动加速度反应谱放大系数以及竖向与水平向反应谱比值的影响.结果表明震源机制对震级不同的地震动以及地震动不同分量反应谱的影响程度不同;震源机制不仅影响反应谱峰值大小以及峰值位置,还在一定程度上影响反应谱的形状.     

Zircon U–Pb Geochronology and Petrogenesis of Early–Midlle Permian Arc–Related Volcanic Rocks in Central Jilin: Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Eastern Segment of Central Asian Orogenic Belt

This paper presents age and geochemical data of a recently identified Late Paleozoic volcanic sequence in central Jilin Province, with aims to discuss the petrogenesis and to constrain the tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in this area. Firstly, the volcanic rocks have zircon U-Pb ages of 290–270 Ma. Secondly, they are characterized by(a) ranging in composition from the low-K tholeiite series to high-K calc-alkaline series;(b) enrichment in light rare earth elements and depletion of heavy rare earth elements, with negative Eu anomalies; and(c) negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies. Finally, the volcanic rocks yield εHf(t) values of +7.1 to +17. These data suggest that the central Jilin volcanic rocks were possibly derived from predominant partial melting of a depleted lithospheric mantle that might have been modified by subducted slab–derived fluids. Combined with previous studies, the Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic magmatism in Central Jilin can be divided into two stages:(a) a volcanic arc stage(290–270 Ma) represented by low-K to high–K, tholeiite to calc–alkaline plutons and(b) a syn–collisional stage(260–240 Ma) represented by high-K calc–alkaline I-type granites. Furthermore, the timing and the tectonic setting of the above magmatic rocks show that the arc was probably produced by the northward subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and that the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean occurred prior to the Early Triassic.     

Late Paleozoic Element Migration and Accumulation under Intracontinental Sinistral Strike-slip Faulting in the West Junggar Orogenic Belt, NW China

The migration, accumulation and dispersion of elements caused by tectonic dynamics have always been a focus of attention, and become the basis of tectono-geochemistry. However, the effects of faulting, especially strike-slip faulting, on the adjustment of geochemical element distribution, are still not clear. In this paper, we select the West Junggar Orogenic Belt (WJOB), NW China, as a case study to test the migration behavior of elements under tectonic dynamics. The WJOB is dominated by NE-trending large-scale sinistral strike-slip faults such as the Darabut Fault, the Mayile Fault, and the Baerluke Fault, which formed during the intracontinental adjustment under N–S compression during ocean-continental conversion in the Late Paleozoic. Geochemical maps of 13 elements, Al, W, Sn, Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Sb, Hg, Fe, Ni, and Au, are analyzed for the effects of faulting and folding on element distribution at the regional scale. The results show that the element distribution in the WJOB is controlled mainly by two mechanisms during tectonic deformation: first is the material transporting mechanism, where the movement of geological units is consistent with the direction of tectonic movement; second is the diffusion mechanism, especially by tectonic pressure dissolution driven by tectonic dynamics, where the migration of elements is approximately perpendicular or opposite to the direction of tectonic movement. We conclude that the adjustment of element distributions has been determined by the combined actions of transporting and diffusion mechanisms, and that the diffusion mechanism plays an important role in the formation of geochemical Au blocks in the WJOB.     

中国钴地球化学基准值特征及影响因素

随着新能源产业的快速崛起, 钴的战略价值不断提升, 同时钴的潜在生态风险也逐渐受到重视。 中国地球化学基准计划(CGB)建立了钴的地球化学基准, 为资源评价和环境基准建立提供了定量参照标尺。中国岩石钴的基准值为6.44×10–6, 背景值为9.26×10–6, 与中国出露地壳丰度接近。中国汇水域沉积物/土壤表层、深层钴的基准值分别是11.0×10–6和10.6×10–6, 略高于其他大陆(国家)钴基准值, 略低于中国区域化探水系沉积物钴中位值。岩石和汇水域沉积物或土壤中钴的基准主要受地质背景控制, 但在化学风化作用强烈和碳酸盐岩发育的区域, 汇水域沉积物/土壤中钴的基准值发生富集作用     

基于RS和GIS的石羊河流域近50年土地覆被类型变化研究

选取石羊河流域为研究区,采用1970～2017年18期Landsat系列卫星遥感数据,通过数据处理、面向对象信息提取,获取了石羊河流域近50年土地覆被类型基础数据;运用转移矩阵、GIS分析手段,对石羊河流域不同土地类型时空变化特征进行了研究.结果表明：1）近50年来,石羊河流域自然绿洲面积总体呈逐年减少趋势,由1970年的35 717.53 km²减少到2017年的33 865.47 km²;人工绿洲面积相应增加,由5 355.79 km²增至7 208.70 km².2）耕地、天然林地、天然草地、建设用地总体呈增加趋势,耕地的增加主要由天然草地、未利用地及水域湿地转化而来,天然林地的增加主要由天然草地、未利用地转化而来,天然草地面积的增加主要由未利用地转化而来,建设用地的扩张以占用周围草地、耕地及未利用地为主.3）石羊河流域土地类型的演变,总体反映了石羊河流域生态环境趋好,绿洲区域逐渐增加.     

单基站CORS的建设与应用研究

结合工程实践,总结单基站CORS的建设和应用情况,在基站选择与设立、网络RTK模型建立后,需要进行系统作用距离、系统精度和接收机兼容性的检测,经过应用提出单基站COPS建设和应用中应注意的问题.     

中国东部重要经济区带湿地遥感调查与演变分析

利用多时相遥感数据对中国东部重要经济区带近140万km2的湿地资源进行了调查与监测.结果表明:我国中东部地区湿地类型多,面积大,但分布不均;近30～40 a间湿地总面积逐年减少,表现在潮间淤泥海滩(泥滩)、红树林和沼泽湿地大幅度缩减;人工围垦和水利工程建设等人类活动加速了中国东部重要经济区带湿地的破坏程度;调查区湿地面积的缩小和湿地景观破碎化的加重,导致湿地功能不断下降,生态环境进一步恶化.     

一种基于改进粒子滤波的动态精密单点定位算法

提出一种改进的粒子滤波,试图提高粒子滤波的收敛速度,减弱非线性模型线性化误差和非正态分布随机误差对动态单点定位结果的影响.首先固定单差无电离层模糊度,以减少状态参数向量的维数,提高初始定位的精度和粒子滤波的收敛速度;采用Kalman滤波作为粒子滤波的预滤波,以提高粒子滤波的重点采样效率,并提高采样粒子精度,减缓粒子退化.利用一个实测动态GPS数据验证表明,改进的粒子滤波可以提高动态GPS的定位精度.