陆面蒸散量观测方法比较分析及其影响因素研究

陆面蒸散是陆面水分平衡的主要分量,也是地球系统水分消耗的主要途径,但陆面蒸散量测量技术一直没有得到很好地解决.利用LOPEX试验区内陇中黄土高原定西陆面过程综合观测站的历史观测资料,在参考对照蒸发皿观测的水面蒸发量的基础上,对蒸渗计法、涡动相关法、彭曼方法等3种方法观测的陆面蒸散量的年变化特征进行了比较分析,发现各观测...     

莱芜市莱城区张家洼畜禽养殖用地探讨

近年来,莱芜市莱城区张家洼规模化畜禽养殖发展迅速,促进了当地的经济发展,但畜禽养殖用地的规划还处于无序状态,畜禽养殖破坏了环境,影响了村容村貌。为此,莱城区加强畜禽养殖用地管理,加强规划控制,加强畜禽养殖用地规模的核查;推行畜禽养殖用房流转,收取复耕保证金,走大棚养殖特色之路,取得了明显成效。     

中国陆地海岸线尺度效应研究(英文)

Spatial scale is a fundamental problem in Geography. Scale effect caused by fractal characteristic of coastline becomes a common focus of coastal zone managers and researchers. In this study, based on DEM and remote sensing images, multi-scale continental coastlines of China were extracted and the fractal characteristic was analyzed. The results are shown as follows. (1) The continental coastline of China fits the fractal model, and the fractal dimension is 1.195. (2) The scale effects with fractal dimensions of coastline have significant differences according to uplift and subsidence segments along the continental coastlines of China. (3) The fractal dimension of coastline has significant spatial heterogeneity according to the coastline types. The fractal dimension of sandy coastline located in Luanhe River plain is 1.109. The dimension of muddy coastline located in northern Jiangsu Plain is 1.059, while that of rocky coastline along southeastern Fujian is 1.293. (4) The length of rocky coastline is affected by scale more than that of muddy and sandy coastline. Since coastline is the conjunction of sea, land and air surface, the study of coastline scale effect is one of the scientific bases for the researches on air-sea-land interaction in multi-scales.     

粒子群神经网络混合模型在农用地分等中的应用

针对常规农用地分等模型因子权重计算存在人为干扰和神经网络模型自身优化过程中易陷入局部最优的情况,该文综合了BP神经网络非线性权重数据挖掘特性和粒子群的全局优化能力,建立了农用地分等计算的粒子群神经网络混合模型(PSO-BP网络模型),并应用于广东省揭西县农用地分等计算中,发现PSO-BP网络模型能避免定级因子权重确定的人为干扰,同时具有较高的优化效率,应用效果较好。     

Origin of native sulfur ball from the Kueishantao hydrothermal field offshore northeast Taiwan: Evidence from trace and rare earth element composition

We first report the trace and rare earth element compositions of native sulfur ball with sulfur contents varying from 97.08 wt.% to 99.85 wt.% from the Kueishantao hydrothermal field, off NE Taiwan. We then discuss the sources of trace and rare earth elements incorporated into the native sulfur ball during formation. Comparison of our results with native sulfur from crater lakes and other volcanic areas shows the sulfur content of native sulfur ball from the Kueishantao hydrothermal field is very high, and that the rare earth element (REE) and trace element constituents of the native sulfur balls are very low (∑REE < 35 ppb). In the native sulfur ball, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Nb, Rb, Cs, Ba, Pb, Th, U, Al, Ti and REE are mostly derived from andesite; Mg, K and Mn are mostly derived from seawater; and Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni are partly derived from magma. Based on the sulfur contents, trace and rare earth element compositions, and local environment, we suggest that the growth of the native sulfur ball is significantly slower than that of native sulfur chimneys, which results in the relatively higher contents of trace and rare earth element contents in the native sulfur ball than in the native sulfur chimneys from the Kueishantao hydrothermal field. Finally, we suggest a “glue pudding” growth model for understanding the origin of the native sulfur ball in the Kueishantao hydrothermal field, whereby the native sulfur ball forms from a mixture of oxygenated seawater and acidic, low-temperature hydrothermal fluid with H₂S and SO₂ gases, and is subsequently shaped by tidal and/or bottom currents.     

Stream-coordinate structure of oceanic jets based on merged altimeter data

The jet structure of the Southern Ocean front south of Australia is studied in stream-coordinate with a new altimeter product—Absolute Dynamic Topography (ADT) from AVISO. The accuracy of the ADT data is validated with the mooring data from a two-year subantarctic-front experiment. It is demonstrated that the ADT is consistent with in-situ measurements and captures the meso-scale activity of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Stream-coordinate analysis of ADT surface geostrophic flows finds that ACC jets exhibit large spatio-temporal variability and do not correspond to particular streamfunction values. In the circumpolar scope ACC jets display a transient fragmented pattern controlled by topographic features. The poleward shift of jet in streamfunction space, as revealed by a streamwise correlation method, indicates the presence of meridional fluxes of zonal momentum. Such cross-stream eddy fluxes concentrate the broad ACC baroclinic flow into narrow jets. Combined with a recent discovery of gravest empirical mode (GEM) in the thermohaline fields, the study clarifies the interrelationship among front, jet and streamfunction in the Southern Ocean.     

中国沿海风能分布特征及其影响因子的数值模拟

利用欧洲中期天气预报中心0.75°×0.75°再分析资料,对中国海岸线两侧相邻区域内的风能、风速进行研究,讨论不同季节、不同区域风能、风速的分布特征;利用WRF(Weather Research Forecast)模式模拟海表面温度上升和城市化发展对中国东部沿海风能的影响。结果表明:1)中国沿海风能的时空分布不均一,季节变化明显。春季渤海湾区域风能明显大于其他三区(华东沿海、东南沿海和南海北部沿海区域)。夏季渤海湾区域风能显著小于其他三区,而华东沿海区域风能稍大。秋季东南沿海和南海北部沿海区域风能较大。冬季沿海四区风能大小接近。一般而言,秋冬季风能较大、春夏季风能较小,夏季风能显著小于冬季。2)不同区域、不同季节风速的年际变化存在明显差异。除冬季东南沿海区域风速有增大趋势外,其他区域各季节风速都呈缓慢减小趋势,但减小幅度很小。3)海表温度升高在不同季节对风速的影响不同。春季渤海湾和山东半岛、北部湾沿海及杭州湾风速随海温升高而增强。夏季海温升高幅度不同,则风速显著变化区域不同,但大部分沿海区域风速随海温升高而增强。秋冬季风速随海表温度升高而增强,影响区域较稳定:秋季东南沿海和华东沿海区域风速增强,冬季渤海湾和南海北部沿海区域风速增强。4)城市化发展增大了地表摩擦力,使得夏秋季登陆我国的热带气旋迅速减弱,沿海风速随之减小。     

1912—1949年中国地理学者的发展特征分析

本文基于多种资料,梳理了1912—1949年中国地理学者姓名、生卒年、籍贯、领域、教育与工作经历等数据,从来源、增长、结构3个层面讨论当时中国地理学者发展进程。研究发现1912—1949年间：① 地理学者在来源层面可分舆地学者、外聘地理学者、现代学制培养地理学者（含有交集关系的国内培养学者、留学培养学者、跨学科学者）3种类型,不同类型群体对地理学者发展的影响差异明显;② 地理学者数量发展可分1912—1927年波动增长,1928—1939年持续增长,1940—1941年急速增长和1942—1949年放缓增长4个时期;③ 中国地理学者学科结构、领域结构、学缘结构、地域结构、年龄结构、性别结构等方面均表现为失衡但失衡程度趋于降低的态势;④ 地理学者发展与地理教学、研究机构发展关系密切,特别是高等地理教学机构对地理学者发展有多重影响。1912—1949年中国地理学者的发展为中国科学地理学的持续进步奠定了人才基础,其过程同时是中国近现代地理学转型的一个侧面。     

模糊数学方法在中国土地资源评价中的应用进展

对近30年来模糊数学方法应用在我国土地资源评价中的论文进行检索与分类统计,以常用模糊数学方法为主线进行应用进展分析与展望。研究结果表明,自1980年以来,模糊数学方法在我国土地资源评价中逐步得到应用,研究论文分布在几十种期刊上,论文作者比较分散;其中,模糊综合评价、模糊聚类分析方法应用相对较多,分别占检索论文总数的46%和26%。模糊综合评价方法主要应用在土地适宜性评价、土地质量评价、可持续发展评价等方面;模糊聚类分析方法主要应用在土地利用类型划分和土地资源评价等方面。模糊数学方法将在土地资源评价、分类、规划、决策、预测和控制问题研究中得到进一步应用。在应用模糊数学方法时应注意合理描述模糊概念、注重多种方法并用,在实践中不断创新。     

土地利用空间优化配置研究进展与展望

土地利用优化配置是实现土地可持续利用,促进区域经济快速发展和环境逐步和谐的重要途径.科学的土地利用优化配置能充分发挥土地利用潜力、提高土地聚集效应、保持土地生态系统平衡.以往的土地利用优化配置研究主要侧重土地利用数量结构的优化,却忽视了土地利用空间布局的优化.尽管土地利用数量结构是土地利用合理配置的基础,但是在地域空间上分布不当,就会限制土地利用效率的提高,影响土地资源配置的科学性和精确性.因此如何将各土地利用类型数量在地域空间上进行合理的落位,开展土地利用空间优化配置问题研究显得尤为重要.本文全面地解释了土地利用空间优化配置的概念,系统介绍了国内外土地利用空间布局的相关理论和方法,并从地理学、景观生态学、系统工程和管理学、地理信息系统及遥感和数学模型应用、社会学和政策学等理论角度,对土地利用空间优化配置的发展方向和趋势进行了展望,以期促进土地利用空间优化配置研究的创新和深化.