越南西北部莱州地区新生代煌斑岩地球化学特征及其成因

越南西北部菜州地区出露的新生代煌斑岩岩脉对理解特提斯造山带东段的深部岩石圈特征和演化具有重要的地质意义.本文报道莱州地区煌斑岩的元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成特征,探讨其岩石成因.该地区煌斑岩属于钙碱性,钾质-超钾质煌斑岩特征.地球化学特征对比表明,菜州地区煌斑岩与哀牢山断裂带碱性岩具有相似的地球化学特征,但与海南和越南南部火山岩存在明显差异.分析结果表明,煌斑岩具有高的87Sr/86Sr比值、低143Nd/144Nd比值和高放射性成因Pb同位素组成特征.岩石的微量元素组成特征指示,形成煌斑岩的地幔源区可能经历过流体交代作用或沉积物组分的加入.低208Pb*/206Pb*比值暗示地幔源区富集事件是近期发生的,可能与晚古生代-早中生代印支地块向扬子地块俯冲事件有关.     

固结问题有限元法时步自适应研究

关于提高有限元法解的精度和稳定性问题已受到不少学者的重视。基于Biot固结理论,为提高有限元法计算的精度和稳定性,研究了固结过程中的时步自适应。采用基本原理推导出时步控制公式,从而全面控制应力和孔隙压力场。研究结果有助于准确模拟应力应变的发展,对粘土心墙土石坝等建筑物的设计及施工有重要意义。     

基于直剪试验的土体变形时间效应及状态类别分析

开展了不同剪应力水平下土体剪切位移的时间效应特征分析,提出了随剪应力水平增加,土体变形状态对应呈现快速稳定、缓慢稳定、缓慢破坏和快速破坏4种演化类别。通过粉质黏土蠕变直剪试验,对不同压实度下与剪应力水平相对应的土体剪切位移时间效应的4种状态类别进行了研究。采用幂函数拟合剪切位移时间历程试验数据,将幂次值作为划分变形状态类别的理论判据,基于幂次值与剪应力水平对应关系的曲线形态特征,得到了土体4种变形状态对应的3个剪应力水平阈值,提出了基于Coulomb强度公式表达的相应变形状态强度参数及其与极限状态强度参数的关系式。针对高速铁路无砟轨道路基工后沉降控制须满足毫米级变形的特殊要求,明确了应将土体变形时间效应控制于快速稳定状态作为路堤填料选择及压实标准的设计原则和技术条件。所得成果对构建高速铁路路基土工结构变形状态控制设计技术提供了理论和试验依据。     

越南东北部Cat Ba岛泥盆系-石炭系过渡层的初探

The Pho Han Formation is exposed on southern Cat Ba Island, Hai Phong Province in northeastern Vietnam, and intercalates the Devonian and Carbonif-erous (D-C) boundary (Ta and Doan, 2007; Komatsu et al., 2012). The D-C boundary section consists mainly of limestone beds, numbered from 1 to 167, interca-lated with alternating black organic-rich shales. The limestone yields abundant brachiopods, crinoid-stems and conodonts. Preliminary investigations on strati-graphy (conodont biostratigraphy and δ13C) and sedi-mentology of beds 113-133 were undertaken in this study.     

Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis of Six Bulgarian Geostandards

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used for the determination of 25 elements (most of them in trace quantities) in six Bulgarian geostandards: Monzonite BV, Gabbro GV, Dolomite DM, Porphiry Copper Ore MrA, Fire Clay OgG and Lead-Zinc Sulphide Ore OZrO. Analyses were made independently in two laboratories and compared with available data.     

安庆-贵池矿集区宝树尖铜多金属矿床成因:来自岩石地球化学及年代学的约束

宝树尖铜多金属矿床位于长江中下游成矿带安庆-贵池矿集区,是一个新发现的矽卡岩型矿床。本文主要通过岩石地球化学和年代学方法来解释矿床的成因。锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,宝树尖岩体形成于148. 6±3. 2Ma,是长江中下游燕山晚期的产物,为长江中下游成矿带内发现的一个较早的中酸性含矿侵入体。对于该成矿岩体及矿床的深入研究,将为区内燕山期岩浆活动及成矿提供一个不可多得的范例。岩石属于高钾钙碱性、钙碱性系列,地球化学特征显示为埃达克质岩;矿区矿石金属硫化物以方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿和黄铁矿为主,非金属矿物有透辉石、石榴石、透闪石、石英、钠长石、方解石、绿泥石和绿帘石等。矿区侵入岩主要由闪长岩和闪长玢岩组成,总体上具有高的全碱含量,低的AlT_2O_3、TiO_2、Fe_2O_3和P_2O_5含量,富集大离子亲石元素(U、Rb、Sr)和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti),轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损。岩石具有高的La/Yb、Sr/Y比值,低的Yb、Y含量,属于埃达克质岩。锆石稀土元素配分图显示典型的轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集。锆石Ti温度计表明岩石形成的平均温度为674. 3℃。全岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征表明岩石起源于俯冲洋壳的部分熔融。矿石黄铁矿δ~(34)S变化范围为7. 6‰～9. 6‰,表明成矿物质来源于岩浆热液和地层。锆石Eu异常特征和Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+)比值表明形成岩石的岩浆具有高氧逸度,这有利于Cu、Au、Zn等成矿物质的迁移。结合区域地质背景,我们认为宝树尖矽卡岩型矿床的形成过程是:燕山期太平洋板块向中国东部俯冲,导致板片部分熔融产生埃达克质岩浆,最后经埃达克质岩浆分异形成的含矿气水热液在地壳浅部与上覆寒武系灰岩发生接触交代作用。     

区域铜元素的空间变异和自相关规律分析

研究地球化学元素在地球化学场中的空间最大变异距离、空间聚集以及空间异常分布情况。通过稳健半变差函数确定空间最大变异距离,在最大变异距离内分别对在不同的距离、原始数据和经过Box-Cox变换的数据使用局部空间自相关Moran′s Ii指数研究元素含量的空间聚集和空间异常,与基于C-A多重分形法的异常下限确定方法所圈定的异常范围进行对比。以面积为8 130km2的铜矿区所采集的1∶20万水系沉积物1 341个组合样点的Cu元素含量为例,局部Moran′s Ii能很好地划分空间聚集和空间异常,尤其是针对经过变换的数据能探测出比C-A法范围更大的聚集和异常,符合客观实际,与已知矿床(点)吻合很好。     

The Combined Effect of Plastic Particles Size and Concentration on Rotifers’ (Brachionus plicatilis) Performance

The presence of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems is of increasing global concern.Nano-sized plastics,in particular,can penetrate the cell membrane and cause biological death.Our study evaluated the combined impacts of several polystyrene mi-crospheres’sizes and nominal concentrations on the overall performance changes of Brachionus plicatilis.Experimental animals were exposed to three microplastic sizes(0.08,0.5 and 6μm)and five nominal concentrations(0,0.5,2,8,32μg mL?1)for 20 d.Our results showed that the toxicological effect of particle size on rotifers did not significantly depend on the nominal concentration.The interaction between the nominal concentration and size occurred only for body length and lorica width.Specifically,high nominal concentrations of microplastics that were close to nanometer size significantly impaired the overall vitality of rotifers,embodied in shortage of body type,delay in the arrival of maturity,reduction in the cumulative number of neonates,and the advance of the death process.In comparison,fair-sized size(0.5 and 6μm)displayed non-significant damage except for individual groups.Most notably,the net reproductive yield was only a third of what it was in the original environment,implying that there was not much fertility left.Besides,with the development of rotifers,the adverse effects of polystyrene microsphere drive had become more and more serious.     

A coastal acoustic tomography experiment in the Tokyo Bay

Eight sets of coastal acoustic tomography (CAT) systems were deployed during November 29 to December 10, 2002 at the coasts on both sides of Tokyo Bay to measure tidal current structures at 15-rain interval.Sound transmission across the Tokyo Bay (between Yokohama and Chiba)was successfillly traced,even under severe interference from ship generated wakes and bubbles.Tidal current fields changing from northward to southward flow are well reconstructed by the inverse analysis of travel-time difference data for a period with the best sound transmission condition. It is suggested that the CAT is the most powerful tool to continuously map tidal current fields in the coastal seas with heavy shipping traffic and fisheries activity.     

K-Ar Dating of Fault Gouges from the Red River Fault Zone of Vietnam

Constraining the timing of fault zone formation is fundamentally important in terms of geotectonics to understand structural evolution and brittle fault processes.This paper presents the first authigenic illite K-Ar age data from fault gouge samples collected from the Red River Shear Zone at Lao Cai province,Vietnam.The fault gouge samples were separated into three grain-size fractions(0.1 μm,0.1-0.4 μm and 0.4-1.0 μm).The results show that the K-Ar age values decrease from coarser to finer grain fractions(24.1 to 19.2 Ma),suggesting enrichment in finer fraction of morerecently grown authigenic illites.The timing of the fault movement are the lower intercept ages at 0%detrital illite(19.2 ± 0.92 Ma and 19.4 ± 0.49 Ma).In combination with previous geochronological data,this result indicates that the metamorphism of the Day Nui Con Voi(DNCV) metamorphic complex took place before ca.26.8 Ma.At about 26.8 Ma-25 Ma,the fault strongly acted to cause the rapid exhumation of the rocks along the Red River-Ailoa Shan Fault Zone(RR-ASFZ).During brittle deformation,the DNCV slowly uplifted,implying weak movement of the fault.This brittle deformation might have lasted for ca.5 Ma.