张北-尚义地震震前阶段中小地震速度谱周期特征的研究

从 Duda 和 Nortmann 提出的谱震级定义出发,利用北京台网中小地震速度数字化记录资料,采用14组0.5倍频程滤波器组,其中心周期为:0.04s、0.06s、0.08s、0.12s、0.18s、0.28 s、0.40s、0.60s、0.96s、1.28s、2.40s、3.80s、6.20s、10.00s,分别计算了各中小地震的速度 谱综合因子f值,结果显示张北-尚义地震震前阶段中小地震的三分向速度谱卓越频率向高频 方向偏离,综合因子 f 值逐渐增加,且蓝地震的发生有向主震震中靠拢的趋势。同时,研究认为 综合因子 f 值可以量化蓝地震的定义。     

基于遗传算法的深层搅拌桩优化设计

将遗传算法应用于深层搅拌桩优化设计中,以单位面积内深层搅拌桩的水泥用量为优化目标函数。全部约束条件均按相应规范的要求给出,并针对传统遗传算法优化设计时遇到的诸如计算量大、早熟收敛等问题,提出了相应的改进策略,利用Visual C++编制了计算程序,通过实例证明了所提优化方法的有效性。     

冻融作用对系统与环境间能量交换的影响

通过求解古典Neumann问题,研究土壤在冻结和融化过程的热交换特征,从理论上分析了冻融作用对系统与环境间能量交换的影响.以草炭亚粘土和亚粘土为例,计算了广泛环境条件下的冻融作用对系统温度变化和与环境间热交换的影响.结果表明,冻融作用使相应过程表层温度梯度加大,热交换强度增强.     

Sensitivity Analysis of the Super Heavy Rainfall Event in Henan on 20 July (2021) Using ECMWF Ensemble Forecasts

An unprecedented heavy rainfall event occurred in Henan Province, China, during the period of 1200 UTC 19-1200 UTC 20 July 2021 with a record of 522 mm accumulated rainfall. Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henan, received 201.9 mm of rainfall in just one hour on the day. In the present study, the sensitivity of this event to atmospheric variables is investigated using the ECMWF ensemble forecasts. The sensitivity analysis first indicates that a local YellowHuai River low vortex(YHV) in the southe...     

RFI Test Observations at a Candidate Ska Site in China

Radio frequency interference (RFI) test observations were carried out at one of the candidate Square Kilometre Array (SKA) sites in Guizhou province, following the “RFI Measurement Protocol for Candidate SKA Sites” (hereafter RFI protocol). All data (raw and calibrated) are preserved in some suitable format, such as that set by the international RFI working group of the Site Evaluation and Selection Committee (SESC). An RFI test in December 2003 was performed according to Mode 1 of the RFI Protocol, in order to identify technical difficulties which might arise during a co-ordinated RFI measurement campaign over a period of 1 year. In this paper we describe the current equipment, observational technique and data presentation. The preliminary results demonstrate that the RFI situation at Dawodang depression in Guizhou province makes it quite a promising location for the proposed SKA. Furthermore, the first session of the RFI monitoring program, which was made in May 2004, showed that a complete RFI measurement including both modes 1 and 2 of the RFI Protocol would take about 2 weeks. The possible ways to minimize some limitations of the current equipment are also discussed, which will enable us to meet the RFI protocol.     

陇西祖厉河流域降水插值方法的对比分析

降水作为五水转化和水量平衡的一个组成部分,在土壤-植被-大气连续体物质与能量转化中起着重要的作用,是分布式水文模型中的重要参量.本研究选择了陇西黄土高原祖厉河流域,采用5种空间插值方法,对该区域降水的时空分布规律进行研究.经分析比较,空间插值法中趋势面方法最佳.趋势面方法经统计模型调整,使得降水模拟精度有所提高.从模拟结果来看:该流域降水呈现明显的纬度地带性分布,自南向北逐渐减少;降水受地形影响较大,海拔高度每降低100 m,降水量平均减少20 mm;流域绝大地区多年平均降水量分布在280～430 mm范围内.该高时空分辨率的降水模拟模型对区域水资源分析及生态环境治理有着重要的意义.     

2020年11月大气环流和天气分析

2020年11月大气环流的主要特征为:北半球极涡呈偶极分布,环流呈三波型,东亚大槽偏弱,南支槽偏弱,西太平洋副热带高压偏西偏强.全国平均降水量为16.9 mm,比常年同期(19.0 mm)偏少11％,月内17-19 日出现了一次强雨雪天气过程,湖北恩施建始县和辽宁丹东出现大暴雨,黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西和七台河、内蒙古通辽和...     

基于高分六号WFV数据的冬小麦种植面积提取

冬小麦是我国重要的粮食作物之一,准确获取冬小麦种植面积具有重要的现实意义.为探究高分六号卫星影像进行冬小麦遥感监测的可行性和精确性,本文选取甘肃省崆峒区为研究区,运用红边波段+监督分类中的支持向量机法,提取了2019年崆峒区冬小麦种植面积,并利用混淆矩阵对分类结果进行精度验证.结果表明:提取崆峒区冬小麦种植面积为150...     

Multiscale characteristics of the wetting deformation of Malan loess in the Yan'an area,China

Loess is prone to collapse upon wetting due to its open metastable structure, which poses a considerable threat to the environment, construction processes and human life. In this study, double oedometer tests and scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry analyses were conducted on loess from Yan'an to study the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of loess wetting deformation and the underlying mechanism. The wetting collapse of loess under loading depends on the changes in different microstructure levels and elements. This collapse chain reaction is manifested by the dissipation, scattering and recombination of the cementation, deformation and reorganization of the particles, blocking of the pore channels, decrease in the dominant size and volume of unstable macropores(14 μm) and abundant mesopores(2.5-14 μm), increase in the volume of small pores(0.05–2.5 μm), and volume contraction at the macroscale. This process is dependent on the initial water content,stress level and wetting degree. These findings can facilitate collapsible loess hazard prevention and geological engineering construction.     

冲绳海槽千年来陆源物质输入历史与东亚季风变迁

为解决近1000年以来东海沿岸地区气候演化及其对南冲绳海槽陆源物质输入的影响, 对取自南冲绳海槽的MD05-2908孔上部(0~810cm) 共78份孢粉样品和199份有机碳同位素样品进行了分析.结果显示, 近1000年以来南冲绳海槽陆源物质输入存在着显著波动, 其中1100~1040aBP、960~880aBP和800~480aBP期间, 陆源物质输入比例增加; 1040~960aBP和480~230aBP期间, 陆源物质输入比例减少.将陆源物质输入指标与陕西佛爷洞δ13C含量记录对比分析, 发现陆源物质输入比例变化与季风的变化密切相关.当夏季风减弱时, 导致降雨带长时间集中在南部地区, 增强的降雨量提高了风化剥蚀以及沉积物向海洋搬运的能力, 使得陆源物质供应量增加.