潍坊市浅层地热能资源调查及开发利用研究

潍坊市浅层地热能资源丰富,调查区内浅层地热热容量可折合标准煤1355．28万t,利用范围较广。该文对资源开发利用中存在的勘查论证不充分,开发过程和开发方式不合理等问题提出了合理建议,为综合开发利用该资源,改善环境,建设可持续发展社会提供理论参考。     

基于Stacking模型融合的深基坑地面沉降预测

为了提高机器学习对深基坑地面沉降的预测能力,本文提出了一种基于Stacking集成学习方式的多模型融合的地面沉降预测方法,并以深圳某深基坑为例,采用斯皮尔曼相关性系数对基坑地面沉降的影响因子进行筛选;运用筛选后的8个影响因子建立Stacking深基坑地面沉降预测模型,以验证该方法的适用性。结果表明：Stacking预测模型的平均绝对误差为0.34、平均绝对误差百分比为2.22%,均方根误差为0.13,相较于传统基模型（随机森林、支持向量机和人工神经网络）,Stacking预测模型的平均绝对误差、平均绝对误差百分比和均方根误差值皆为最小。     

Primary Mineral Information and Depositional Models of Relevant Mineral Facies of the Early Precambrian BIF—A Preliminary Review

The primary mineral compositions of BIF are regarded as ferric oxyhydroxide or iron silicate nanoparticles (mainly greenalite and stilpnomelane ) whichcan transform into minerals like hematite, magnetite and siderite. On the basis of predominant iron minerals, three distinctive sedimentary facies are recognized in BIF: oxide facies, silicate facies and carbonate facies. Marked by the Great Oxidation Event (GOE, 2.4~2.2 Ga), sedimentary facies can be divided into two models: “anoxic and reducing” model and “stratified ocean” model. The ancient ocean was anoxic and reducing before GOE, and under this circumstance, BIF was distributed from the distal to proximal zones transforming from hematite facies through magnetite facies to carbonate facies, such as West Rand Group BIF (2.96~2.78 Ga) and Kuruman BIF (~2.46 Ga) in south Africa. However, the ancient ocean was a stratified ocean during and after GOE, which means that shallow seawater was oxidizing while deeper seawater was reducing, leading to an opposite sedimentary facies distribution compared to the former one: BIF was distributed from the distal to proximal zones transforming from carbonate facies through magnetite facies to hematite facies, such as Yuanjiacun BIF in China (~2.3 Ga) and Sokoman iron formation in Canada (~1.88 Ga). Overall, BIF is an unrepeatable formation in geological history, which can only form in specific sedimentary environment. The key point to speculate the paleo-ocean environment, namely the problems to be solved at the moment, is to identify and derive the primary mineral compositions, to make sure the genetic mechanism of sedimentary facies especially silicate facies, to restrict the sedimentary conditions and to study microbial activities contacting with BIF.     

大颗粒黏土矿物对黏土矿物X射线衍射定量分析的影响

现行X射线衍射分析黏土矿物都是提取粒径小于2μm的悬浮溶液检测样品的黏土矿物组合及含量,含量数据有时与其他检测数据相悖。在鄂尔多斯盆地黏土矿物研究中,通过偏光显微镜和扫描电镜发现存在粒径大于2μm的黏土矿物颗粒,特别是高岭石的粒径多为3～10μm,这些大颗粒黏土矿物会造成含量数据不准确。为了证明大颗粒黏土矿物对其含量测量的影响,本文设计了不同粒径标准的提取物对比试验:随机选取267个样品,每个样品分别按照10μm和2μm标准提取两份悬浮溶液制成测试片,采用SY/T5163—2010行业标准中的检测方法得到10μm和2μm提取物的黏土矿物组合及含量。通过对比发现大颗粒黏土矿物对各类黏土矿物的相对含量测量结果有明显影响:10μm提取物中高岭石含量明显增大;伊利石/蒙脱石间层矿物含量显著降低;伊利石含量的变化小且无规律;绿泥石含量整体变化较小,少量样品中绿泥石含量发生了明显的偏离,与大颗粒高岭石的赋存有关。本研究提出应结合地质状况和工作目的审慎选择提取粒径的标准,对SY/T 5163—2010中的黏土矿物提取粒径标准作出修订。     

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北京地区不同介质的土柱淋滤水质试验研究

为探讨冲洪积平原地带地下水水质劣变机理及过程,开展了不同的水土样品组合的16组淋滤试验,以期揭示不同源水在土柱入渗过程阴阳离子、硬度和TDS的变化规律以及地下水类型的演化特征。试验结果表明:淋出液中,阴离子浓度的变幅由大到小依次为HCO_3~-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-和F~-,阳离子的变幅则依次为Na~++K~+、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)。淋出液的硬度、TDS和水化学类型均呈现出有规律的变化,先期主要受控于源水,尔后则主要受土柱介质的影响。除了以垃圾作为淋滤介质的试验外,其他组合的试验都出现了初期TDS和硬度升高的过程,之后与源水趋于一致,揭示了淋滤中浸泡—水岩相互作用—吸附解析—淋洗等复杂过程。     

In situ Sr isotopic analyses of epidote: tracing the sources of multi-stage fluids in ultrahigh-pressure eclogite (Ganghe,Dabie terrane)

This study presents in situ strontium (Sr) isotope and Sr content data on multi-stage epidote crystals from ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) eclogites and omphacite–epidote veins therein at Ganghe (Dabie terrane, China), determined using LA-MC-ICP-MS. The Ganghe eclogites occur as lenses in mainly leucocratic UHP gneisses, and therefore, our data provide insights into the origin, composition, and transport scale of the discrete multi-stage fluids in UHP eclogites during the subduction and exhumation of a continental crust. Four textural types of epidote that record compositional and isotopic signatures of fluid at various metamorphic P–T conditions have been distinguished based on petrographic observations and compositional analyses. They are (1) fine-grained high-pressure (HP) epidote inclusions (Ep-In) in omphacite that define the earliest stage of epidote formation in the eclogite; (2) coarse-grained UHP epidote porphyroblasts (Ep-P) that contain omphacite with Ep-In inclusions in the eclogite; (3) fine-grained HP epidote in omphacite–epidote veins (Ep-V) as well as (4) the latest-stage epidote in disseminated amphibolite-facies veinlets (Ep-A), which crosscut the Ep-P or matrix minerals in the eclogite and HP vein. Both Ep-P and Ep-V crystals exhibit significant and complex chemical zonations with respect to the X_Fe (= Fe/(Fe + Al)) ratio and Sr content. In contrast to the varying Sr contents, Ep-In, Ep-P, and Ep-V have similar and narrow ranges of initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (from 0.70692 to 0.70720 for Ep-In, from 0.70698 to 0.70721 for Ep-P, and from 0.70668 to 0.70723 for Ep-V), which are significantly different from those in Ep-A (from 0.70894 to 0.71172). The initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of Ep-A is closer in value to the initial Sr isotopic composition of the gneisses (from 0.710790 to 0.712069) which enclose the UHP eclogite. These data indicate different sources of the eclogite-facies fluids and retrograde amphibolite-facies fluid in the Ganghe eclogites. The HP–UHP fluids responsible for the large amounts of hydrous minerals in the eclogites were internally derived and buffered. The omphacite–epidote veins were precipitated from the channelized solute-rich HP–UHP fluids released from the host eclogite. However, hydrated amphibolite-facies metamorphism during exhumation was mainly initiated by the low-Sr and high-⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr external fluid, which infiltrated into the eclogite from the surrounding gneisses. The eclogite-facies fluids in the Ganghe eclogites were locally derived, whereas the infiltration of the retrograde amphibolite-facies fluid from the gneisses required a long transport, most likely longer than 80 m. This study highlights that the in situ Sr isotopic analysis of multi-stage epidote can be employed as a powerful geochemical tracer to provide key information regarding the origin and behavior of various-stage subduction-zone metamorphic fluids.     

北京市地质遗迹资源及其保护现状

文章概括介绍了北京市地质遗迹的研究历史与现状,依据2007年开展的＂北京市地质遗迹资源及其保护现状综合调查＂项目,将北京地区的地质遗迹分为7大类31个亚类170处,针对不同类型地质遗迹资源的分布情况进行了阐述,并从2000年以来北京地区地质公园和地质遗迹自然保护区的申报建设情况、管理体系建设、环境保护和管护设施建设、摸清资源家底和制定规划等方面,阐述了北京地区地质公园及地质遗迹自然保护区的建设情况和地质遗迹资源的保护现状。     

自下而上基于标准图幅的滩涂面积量算研究

滩涂面积量算是滩涂资源调查中的一项重要工作内容,其结果数据是调查成果的总体表现与直观反映,为滩涂围垦规划调整、围垦工程合理建设提供了数据支持。通过对标准图幅内的滩涂分布类型进行归纳整理,提出了一种自下而上基于标准图幅的滩涂面积量算方法：首先利用标准图幅内的等深线、岸线实现滩涂面的快速生成,其次计算滩涂面包含的水深点平均高程值判断滩涂类型,最后根据不同条件对滩涂面积分类量算统计。在2011年浙江省滩涂资源调查中的实践证明,该方法简单易用,具有一定应用价值。     

海底管道检测数据平面偏差与管道状态分析研究

当前海底管道研究内容主要集中在检测方法、管道三维模拟和系统建设方面,对检测数据分析与方法讨论较少.本文介绍了海底管道检测数据来源及其内容,讨论了海底管道节点平面偏差分析原理,对不同测次管道平面偏差比较的采样点选取展开研究,并分析了海底管道状态成果数据编制与历次管道状态比较内容,对管道状态区间跨度计算存在的情况进行详细讨论,同时给出相应的解决方法.本研究成果已应用于杭州湾海底管道检测数据分析,为其他海底管道检测数据分析提供借鉴与参考.