基于混合波场地震动输入技术的近海场地地震反应分析方法

基于人工边界子结构模型,提出一种利用混合波场实现近海场地中地震P波和SV波垂直输入的方法.该方法中用于波动输入的混合波场由计算模型两侧截断边界的自由波场和底面边界的入射波场构成,避免了不规则近海场地的自由波场求解.同时采用基于声流体单元的流固耦合算法模拟场地-海水动力相互作用,利用流体介质人工边界和黏弹性人工边界单元模...     

Ba同位素分析方法综述

随着实验技术的进步以及多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（MC-ICP-MS）和热电离质谱仪（TIMS）的发展,近年来Ba 同位素的分析方法取得了显著进展。分析精度（δ^138/134Ba,2SD）从之前的1 ‰ 提高到好于0.05 ‰。文章综述了近年来高精度Ba 同位素分析方法（溶液法）的发展历程,总结了国内外实验室关于不同类型样品的消解、Ba 元素化学纯化流程以及Ba 同位素质谱测定等方法,并对国内外多个实验室已发表的各类标准物质的Ba 同位素组成进行统计。研究结果可为Ba 同位素激光原位分析提供参考,为后续分馏机理解析和应用研究提供技术支撑。     

三维激光扫描技术在墓葬保护中的应用

三维激光扫描技术已逐渐应用到考古研究中。传统的扫描成果CAD图在考古研究中略显单调,而三维模型只能通过专业软件才能观看,如何使扫描成果得到更全面地展示,将是今后三维激光扫描服务于文物考古的重要方向。以墓葬扫描为例,采用Leica Scanstation 2扫描仪获取几何点云数据,并利用Cyclone软件,采用标靶和人工选点相结合的方法实现多站点点云数据配准,然后利用Geomagic Studio完成后期三维建模,最后利用Cloud Word、Deep Exploration及3D max等软件完成相关成果的展示。     

Determining suspended sediment concentration and settling velocity from PC-ADP measurements in the Beibu Gulf, China

Modeling sediment transport depends on several parameters, such as suspended sediment concentration (SSC), shear stress, and settling velocity. To assess the ability of Pulse-Coherent Acoustic Doppler Profiling (PC-ADP) to non-intrusively quantify spatial and temporal SSC and settling velocity at seabed, a field experiment was conducted in the Beibu Gulf (Tonkin Gulf), in the South China Sea. The spatial profiles and temporal variations in SSC at 1 m above bottom were derived from PC-ADP acoustic backscatter intensity determinations after being calibrated with the optical backscatter sensor (OBS) measurements at the same elevation. The PC-ADP and OBS results agreed well. The temporal settling velocity obtained from Rouse profiles agreed well with the Soulsby formula based on size information by LISST (laser in situ scattering and transmissometry). Tides and tidal currents are diurnal in the gulf. SSC increased with increasing ebb and flood flow, and it rapidly decreased with the increase of distance from the seabed. The maximum SSC at 0.16 m and 1.3 m above bottom reached 816 mg/L and 490 mg/L during spring tides, respectively. The sediments consisted of mineral particles 23-162 μm in diameter and 0.05-2.04 cm/s in settling velocity. Generally, both the SSC and settling velocity followed variations in the bottom friction. Results suggest that PC-ADP is able to provide reasonable SSC and settling velocity measurements of both profiles and time series for a long study period.     

北京市门头沟区高陡岩质边坡生态修复实践

通过对北京市门头沟区高陡岩质边坡生态修复项目野外调研及综合研究,结合近10年来工程建设实践,提出了适合北京市高陡岩质边坡生态恢复的主要技术方法与措施,并以门头沟区水峪嘴、麦子峪岩质边坡生态修复项目为例,针对坡度、起伏、裂隙发育等特点,选取了团粒喷播、普通挂网喷播、喷砼飘台法等技术方法对边坡进行植被恢复,结果表明:水峪嘴边坡坡度在60°以下,利用团粒喷播技术修复效果较好,部分60°～90°近直立坡面喷播效果较差,整体修复效果接近自然状态;麦子峪近直立边坡采取的喷砼飘台法,纵向间距过大,且槽体存土量较小,与相邻坡面衔接处理不够,边坡修复欠缺整体性、美观性.     

基于PSInSAR技术的山东半岛蓝黄交迭区地面沉降发育特征与影响因素识别

研究区位于山东半岛蓝色经济区和黄河三角洲高效生态经济区的交迭地带,区位优势明显。地面沉降灾害的发生对该区规划建设和港口防潮堤高程构成了威胁,因此,全面了解该区地面沉降的发育特征,尤其是掌握地面沉降的主要影响因素极其重要。前人在不同时段内应用GPS和水准测量方法对该区局部地段地面沉降开展了相应研究,但未对全区地面沉降状况进行分析评价,尚不能有效支撑区域规划建设及地面沉降防控管理。文章在前人研究基础上,基于PSInSAR遥感技术分析了该区地面沉降速率及其变化状况,并与水准测量成果进行了对比。认为多年来该区地面沉降现象明显,超过75%的区域发生了不同程度的地面沉降,在寿光-广饶交界处、寿光-滨海开发区北部、寿光城区西北部和昌邑-滨海开发区北部等存在多个显著片区,且多年变化总体呈现加重趋势;区内存在16个沉降中心,最大沉降速率达到29~168 mm/a,沉降速率超过40 mm/a的占比达到62%以上,主要分布于研究区西部和西北部;该区地面沉降受区域构造、地层结构、地下水开采和地面荷载等因素影响,其中地下水开采是区域地面沉降发生的主致因素,地面荷载加强了局部地段的不均匀沉降程度,区域构造和地层结构为地面沉降发育和加剧提供了地质背景条件。     

雨滴溅蚀下压实黄土变形破坏规律研究

针对工程建设中存在的裸露黄土路堤边坡水土流失现象,为进一步研究降雨条件下雨滴击溅对路堤边坡的破坏作用,本文通过室内模拟单雨滴溅蚀试验,观测试件表面溅蚀坑深度随时间的变化情况,分析不同地表压实度和雨滴击溅速率两种因素作用下压实黄土的溅蚀破坏规律。在此基础上,研究了压实度、含水率对黄土耐溅蚀性的影响,分析了降雨强度与土体溅蚀破坏的关系。结果表明:当溅蚀坑内存在薄层积水时,短历时降雨易使土体发生表层破坏;反之,容易产生二次溅蚀,二次溅蚀易造成黄土路堤边坡的深层破坏。     

基于肥满度-最大养殖收益的底播养殖虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)养殖容量评估及养殖区区划

养殖容量评估是合理规划养殖区的基础。基于虾夷扇贝养殖生态系统模型,模拟了2006年12月至2017年11月不同放苗密度下底播养殖虾夷扇贝的生长情况。在考虑肥满度对虾夷扇贝养殖收益的影响下,计算最大养殖收益及其对应的最适放苗密度和养殖容量,并通过最大养殖收益及其年际差异的聚类分析结果进行养殖区区划。结果表明:考虑扇贝肥满度的养殖收益能很好的抵消扇贝品质对养殖收益的影响;底播养殖虾夷扇贝的养殖容量和最适放苗密度有明显的时空差异,獐子岛和小长山岛之间并向长海海域东北部延伸的条带海域是高收益区;中收益区在高收益区南北两侧;低收益区位于研究区西北部和南中收益区南部;研究区南部由于饵料匮乏导致扇贝生长缓慢,为不适宜养殖区。开阔海域养殖容量也是有限的,片面增加放苗密度并不能达到增产增收的效果。研究结果可为合理规划和管理养殖区提供参考。     

The new basic theory on Quaternary environmental research

On the basis of extensive survey to the Quaternary paleosols, soils and weathering layers in the vast northern China and the Loess Plateau, we found some unusually special phenomena of chemical components such as unsuccessive illuvium, twin illuviums, unusually thick illuvium and multi-illuviums etc. According to the analysis on the content of CaCO3 and the data of penetrating experiment, a new theory of illuvial depth or removal depth of CaCO3 in weathering and leaching belt was constructed, which indicates that the time of CaCO3 removing to the illuvial depth is very short, and the effect of time factor on illuvial depth can be ignored. The theory can be taken as a credible foundation for studying many geological and geographical problems in weathering and leaching belt. When the illuvial depth of CaCO3 is bigger than the thickness of developing belt of soil or paleosol, it can be determined that the paleosol has turned into weathering crust. When the illuvial depth of CaCO3 is bigger than the thickness of paleosol, paleosol is leaching moderately acid soil. When two, three layers or unusually thick CaCO3 illuviums exist in the same weathering section or at the bottom of the same paleosol, there were two or more periods forming paleosol and corresponding climatic stages at that time. On the basis of the equation of relationship between mean annual rainfall (y) and illuvial depth of CaCO3 (x) (y = 305.5x + 168.5) determined in the paper, mean annual precipitation during the development of paleosol can be calculated.     

新疆玛纳斯河山前地貌对构造活动的响应

玛纳斯河是天山北麓最大的一条河流,流域内山前地貌对构造活动有明显的响应.根据野外调查和综合分析,结果表明天山北麓在南北向的挤压作用下,在山前依次形成了3排褶皱低山丘陵和第四排正在发育的西湖隆起.冲积扇也在历次构造运动中不断向北推进,呈串珠状发育.褶皱丘陵内阶地的也发生了拱曲变形.这些特征反映了自第四纪以来,天山北麓随着天山主体在不断抬升,并且持续地由南向北推挤,使山麓范围不断地向盆地方向扩张.