英国矿产资源规划与战略研究

英国是世界上编制矿产资源规划较早的国家之一,它的规划体系已成为许多国家尤其是英联邦国家建立规划体系的蓝本。笔者等通过研究英国矿产资源规划体系与管理特征,分析矿产资源发展战略,总结英国矿产资源规划的经验和启示,为我国矿产资源规划编制与管理提出建议。     

New Discovery of the Devonian Orthoclase Granite of Nenjiang–Heihe Structural belt, China and its Zircon U-Pb Data

正Objective The Nenjiang–Heihe structural belt is located in the eastern Xing’anling Mongolian Orogenic Belt between the Songnen block and Xiang’an block.This structural belt has long been the focus of geological scholars(Miao Laicheng et al.,2003;Liang Chenyue et al.,2011;Li Chao et al.,2017),which has complex geological condition,     

内蒙古扎鲁特盆地坤都地区满克头鄂博组流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石成因

为研究内蒙古扎鲁特盆地坤都地区晚侏罗世火山岩的构造属性,对研究区内流纹岩开展了锆石U-Pb定年和原位Lu-Hf同位素研究。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,流纹岩形成于151.2±1.2Ma,属于晚侏罗世。岩石地球化学研究表明,火山岩具高硅富碱、贫镁钙的特征,稀土元素总量为110.38×10~(-6)~138.88×10~(-6),轻、重稀土元素分馏中等,弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.72~0.98),微量元素特征为富集Cs、Rb、Ba和轻稀土元素,强烈亏损Sr、P、Ti,相对亏损Nb、Ta,ε_(Hf)(t)值为-10.1~4.9,对应的地壳模式年龄(T~C_(DM))为1192~3639Ma,反映其岩浆来源于元古宙、太古宙地壳物质的部分熔融,之后经历矿物分离结晶作用。通过对比大兴安岭地区同时代岩浆-构造活动,研究区满克头鄂博组流纹岩形成于后造山伸展背景,与蒙古-鄂霍茨克造山后伸展作用有关。     

大兴安岭中部石场山侵入体锆石U-Pb定年及构造意义

对大兴安岭中部石场山侵入体进行了同位素年代学及岩石地球化学研究。测年结果表明,石场山侵入体似斑状细粒(细中粒)二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值为201.69±0.72Ma和202.09±0.69Ma,表明该侵入体是晚三叠世侵位形成的。岩石学及地球化学成分显示其属于碱性、过铝质系列花岗岩。岩石具有高硅、富碱、高铁镁比、贫钙、贫镁和低钛特征。稀土元素配分曲线呈现"海鸥式"分布特征,显示强烈的负Eu异常。微量元素特征显示具有较高的Zr、Yb和Y含量,较低的Sr、B含量,微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示明显的Sr、Ba和Ti负异常。以上特征表明,石场山侵入体为铝质A型花岗岩。岩石具有高的Rb/Sr值和Rb/Nb值,显示壳源岩浆的成分特征。综合分析表明,本区似斑状细粒(细中粒)二长花岗岩为低压下长英质地壳部分熔融的产物。根据岩石构造环境判别,结合区域构造演化,认为似斑状细粒(细中粒)二长花岗岩为受前造山期控制下的伸展、裂解作用形成的。     

大兴安岭扎兰屯地区前寒武纪变质岩系年龄及其构造意义

大兴安岭扎兰屯地区出露较多的前寒武纪变质岩系,包括先前认为是古元古代的兴华渡口群、新元古代的佳疙瘩组和新元古代—早寒武世的倭勒根岩群,但一直缺少精确的年代学依据。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年,对这3个变质岩群的原岩时代进行了厘定。结果显示,兴华渡口群中绿泥石白云母片岩的锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为520.1±4.3Ma(n=11,MSWD=1.6),佳疙瘩组中长英质糜棱岩锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为512.0±2.9Ma,倭勒根岩群中绿泥绢云片岩最年轻锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为491.7±11.9Ma,年龄最密集区加权平均值为516.7±4.5Ma。锆石图像特征及Th/U值均显示岩浆型锆石特征。综上所述,扎兰屯地区出露的兴华渡口群、佳疙瘩组和倭勒根群形成时代均为早古生代早期,而非先前认为的"前寒武纪"。同时,上述年龄谱系表明,该地区在480~500Ma和500~530Ma存在2期强烈的岩浆活动,应与东北地区晚泛非期岩浆-变质事件有关。     

内蒙古扎兰屯地区龙江组孢粉组合及其地质意义

成吉思汗驿站龙江组剖面位于扎兰屯成吉思汗镇东南部,组内大化石稀少,但孢粉化石丰富,下部岩性为沉凝灰岩、凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩、砂岩、砾岩,上部岩性为安山岩、英安岩。通过对成吉思汗驿站龙江组孢粉化石的分析,在龙江组中识别出圆形粒面孢-二连粉孢粉组合带(Cyclogranisporites-Erlianpollis)。通过对孢粉化石属种的分析,根据具有时代指示意义的孢粉化石,如Erlianpollis,Cicatricosisporites,Pilosisporites等,认为成吉思汗地区龙江组孢粉化石形成时代为早白垩世,结合地质、古植物及孢粉化石的定量分析,认为龙江组植被类型反映亚热带气候,指示温暖潮湿的环境。     

Impact of the Horizontal Heat Flux in the Mixed Layer on an Extreme Heat Event in North China:A Case Study

Extreme heat over the North China Plain is typically induced by anomalous descending flows associated with anticyclonic circulation anomalies. However, an extreme heat event that happened in the North China Plain region on 12–13 July 2015,with maximum temperature higher than 40℃ at some stations, was characterized by only a weak simultaneous appearance of an anomalous anticyclone and descending flow, suggesting that some other factor(s) may have induced this heat event. In this study, we used the forecast data produced by the Beijing Rapid Updated Cycling operational forecast system, which predicted the heat event well, to investigate the formation mechanism of this extreme heat event. We calculated the cumulative heat in the mixed-layer air column of North China to represent the change in surface air temperature. The cumulative heat was composed of sensible heat flux from the ground surface and the horizontal heat flux convergence. The results indicated that the horizontal heat flux in the mixed layer played a crucial role in the temporal and spatial distribution of high temperatures.The horizontal heat flux was found to be induced by distinct distributions of air temperatures and horizontal winds at low levels during the two days, implying a complexity of the low-level atmosphere in causing the extreme heat.     

小兴安岭西北部卧都河地区落马湖岩群年代学及构造背景

出露于小兴安岭西北部的“落马湖岩群”是多宝山矿集区重要的地质建造之一,由于缺少化石及顶底不全,其形成时代一直存在争议,制约了对区域构造演化及成矿背景的认识.为了探讨其形成时代及古构造背景,采用锆石U-Pb(LA-ICP-MS)方法对卧都河乡附近的“落马湖岩群”变粉砂质泥岩的碎屑锆石进行了年代学研究,85个测点中68个有效测点年龄介于216～2 636 Ma,分为8个年龄组：216～347 Ma(n=8)、430～443 Ma(n=2)、463～502 Ma（加权平均485±5 Ma,n=21）、513～572 Ma（加权平均528±7Ma,n=16）、596～613 Ma（加权平均606±12 Ma,n=7）、718～739 Ma（加权平均730±12 Ma,n=3）、830～882 Ma（加权平均850±26 Ma,n=5）、1 769～2 636 Ma(n=6),以第Ⅲ—第Ⅶ年龄组构成明显的峰值.综合分析锆石晶态、CL图像、U含量特征及地质体宏观岩相学特点,认为第Ⅲ年龄组代表样品层位沉积下限.结合区域研究成果,认为“落马湖岩群”形成于奥陶纪至志留纪罗德洛世;其碎屑锆石主要来源于“额...     

Petrogenesis of an early Eocene gabbro–granite complex in Kachang (SW Yunnan) and its implications for Eocene magmatism in the Tengchong terrane of SW China

Major and trace element, zircon U–Pb and Hf-isotope data are reported for mafic intrusions and host granite from the Kachang pluton (North Yingjiang of SW Yunnan) in the Tengchong Terrane, in order to investigate their sources, petrogenesis and tectonic implications. The zircon U–Pb age of the mafic rocks (~55 Ma) is identical to that of the host granite (56.7 ± 0.6 Ma). The mafic rocks have high MgO concentrations (up to 13.43 wt.%) at low SiO₂ contents (low to 42.73 wt.%) and slight negative to positive εHf(t) values (?2.26 to +0.59). They are enriched in LILE and LREEs and depleted in HFSEs, which can be explained as melts derived from a enriched mantle, with some crustal contamination. The host granite have high SiO₂ contents (69.18–72.65 wt.%), highly negative εHf(t) values (?9.08 to ?5.14), suggesting mainly derived from an ancient crustal source. Field observations, geochronology, geochemistry and zircon Hf isotopic compositions point to a complex petrogenesis, where enriched mantle- and crust-derived magma mixing was coupled with crystal fractionation, thus explaining the genetic link between mafic and felsic magmas, result of mafic magma upwelling triggered by the subduction rollback of the Neotethyan slab. Our new data, along with the data reported (especially zircon U–Pb dating and Lu–Hf isotope data) in the Tengchong Terrane, indicate that the spatial and temporal variations and changing magmatic compositions over time in the Tengchong Terrane closely resemble those of the Lhasa Terrane in southern and central Tibet.     

A New Species of Phoenicopsis Subgenus Windwardia (Florin) Samylina (Czekanowskiales) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China

A new species of Phoenicopsis subgenus Windwardia(Florin) Samylina, Phoenicopsis neimengguensis sp.nov., is recognized from the Middle Jurassic Zhaogou Formation in the Shiguai Basin, a Jurassic coal-bearing sedimentary basin in Inner Mongolia, China. Linear leaves are in bundles of six to eight and are attached on a short shoot. The leaf is amphistomatic with one or two irregular rows of longitudinally oriented stomata in each intercostal zone on the upper epidermis and three or four(occasionally six) rows of stomata in each intercostal zone on the lower epidermis. Each stomata is surrounded by four to six subsidiary cells with unevenly developed papillae. The anticlinal walls of epidermal cells are straight. Cuticular thickenings or papillae are present on the outer surface of the periclinal walls. This is the first time that Phoenicopsis subgenus Windwardia(Florin) Samylina is recognized from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. The occurrence of the new species is noteworthy because it extends the geological and geographic distribution of Phoenicopsis subg. Windwardia in China and Eurasia. The discovery is significant as it increases our knowledge of Phoenicopsis subg. Windwardia by providing new data on morphological and epidermal features.