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911.
912.
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were used to investigate spatial variation in terrestrial particulate organic matter (POM) input to a coastal area off the Tagus river estuary. Isotopic variation in higher trophic level organisms was also examined, along the coast. This study was carried out in late summer, after a period of 3 months of low river flow. The overall aim was to determine if under such conditions the coastal area is enriched by the river plume and, particularly, if lower secondary productivity should be expected in some areas. Spatial variation was detected as a gradient of decreasing terrestrial input with increasing distance from the river. It was concluded that terrestrial carbon input was also incorporated into higher trophic levels and that organisms with lower mobility are more sensitive to the gradient in terrestrial input. Even in low flow conditions the whole fishing area remained under the influence of the river plume, which still accounted for 24% of the total POM 30 km from the river mouth. Additionally, δ15N values indicated pollution input from the river Tagus. 相似文献
913.
Scour around piles could endanger the stability of the structures placed on them. Hence, an accurate estimation of the scour depth around piles is very important in coastal and marine engineering. Due to the complex interaction between the wave, seabed and pile group; prediction of the scour depth is not an easy task and the available empirical formulas have limited accuracy. Recently, soft computing methods such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have been used for the prediction of the scour depth. However, these methods do not give enough insight about the process and are not as easy to use as the empirical equations. In this study, new formulas are given that are easy to use, accurate and physically sound. Available empirical equations for estimating the pile group scour depth such as those of Sumer et al. (1992) and Bayram and Larson (2000), are less accurate compared to the given equations. These equations are as accurate as other soft computing methods such as ANN and SVM. Moreover, in this study, safety factors are given for different levels of acceptable risks, which can be so useful for engineers. 相似文献
914.
I. N. Mordvintsev N. G. Platonov I. V. Alpatsky 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2011,47(9):1127-1134
The main results of processing the long-term satellite data in different spectral ranges and with different spatial resolutions
used to map Arctic sea ice parameters are presented. The advantages of the methods developed in order to estimate these parameters
on the basis of microwave sensor measurements are indicated. The specific features of the long-term dynamics of the main sea
ice geophysical parameters (the sea ice area and distribution during the summer minimum, ice age structure and thickness,
multiyear ice concentration, times of ice melt and freeze onset, etc.) are presented. The effect of changes in sheet ice on
the status of large Arctic mammals is estimated. 相似文献
915.
V. V. Zuev S. L. Bondarenko N. E. Zueva 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2011,47(9):1032-1038
The response of the total ozone (TO) at subarctic latitudes to volcanic eruptions, products of which were injected into the
stratosphere, is analyzed. It is established that the behavior of the series of average annual TO values according to the
TOMS, SCIAMACHY, and GOME space equipment data averaged for 55°–65° N latitudes agrees with the activity of explosive volcanic
eruptions. The series of the TO satellite monitoring instrumental data are extended by 200 years into the past using a reconstruction
from the dendro-chronologic data. An analysis of the series of TO reconstructed values indicates that volcanogenic perturbations
of the subarctic ozonosphere initiate long-term negative TO deviations. In this case, the TO negative deviation depth depends
on the frequency of the ozonosphere volcanogenic perturbations and the phase of quasiperiodic oscillation cycles rather than
on the strength of a single volcanic explosion. 相似文献
916.
We studied the surface perturbations of a two-layer ideal fluid induced by a flow past a submerged obstacle (simulated by
a point dipole) in the vicinity of the density-jump layer. It is shown that the formation of two different types of surface
waves is possible behind the flowed past obstacle in the real conditions of the open sea. The comparison of the amplitudes
of the surface perturbations induced by the obstacle located above and below the density jump revealed their significant differences,
which seems to be important for the use of this effect in practical problems. 相似文献
917.
918.
919.
920.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献