Magnetic reconnection model for X-ray flare loop interaction

The subtle interactions between the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and transverse plasmons are investigated. It is shown that there is a resistive instability by the plasmon's soliton in a current sheet, which eventually turns into an eruptive instability at the magnetic field reconnection. In the case of ion-acoustic turbulence, the high temperature current sheet model must adopt the aromalous conductivity instead of the Coulomb conductivity. The numerical results are consistent with the observations obtained by Hanaoka (1994). Thus the flare caused by X-ray loop coalescence can be basically interpreted by this model of magnetic field reconnection driven by ponderomotive force.     

The Relationship of Green-Line Transients to White-Light Coronal Mass Ejections

We report observations by the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) on the SOHO spacecraft of three coronal green-line transients that could be clearly associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) detected in Thomson-scattered white light. Two of these events, with speeds >25 km s^-1, may be classified as ‘whip-like’ transients. They are associated with the core of the white-light CMEs, identified with erupting prominence material, rather than with the leading edge of the CMEs. The third green-line transient has a markedly different appearance and is more gradual than the other two, with a projected outward speed <10 km s^-1. This event corresponds to the leading edge of a ‘streamer blowout’ type of CME. A dark void is left behind in the emission-line corona following each of the fast eruptions. Both fast emission-line transients start off as a loop structure rising up from close to the solar surface. We suggest that the driving mechanism for these events may be the emergence of new bipolar magnetic regions on the surface of the Sun, which destabilize the ambient corona and cause an eruption. The possible relationship of these events to recent X-ray observations of CMEs is briefly discussed. Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004981125702     

The lost world of the olenid trilobites

Trilobites of the Family Olenidae (Upper Cambrian to Upper Ordovidan) were closely tied to an oxygen-poor environment. They show a remarkable range of adaptations, testifying to a singular evolutionary plasticity.     

Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 Collision with Jupiter: A Model of G-Site Dust Composition

Scattering models of aerosol particles at the G-impact site (18 July1994) are presented for a number of likely compositional candidates. Two differing dust particle population distribution functions are taken, along with varying aerosol cloud densities, leading to differing optical depths. A number of models including graphite, amorphous carbon, astrophysical silicate, water ice and a number of organic compounds are discussed, but no single material provides a fully satisfactory fit to the published observations. A porous silicate/graphite composite is found to provide a good fit to the spectral data. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Evidence for a low-density inflationary universe?

The inflationary unvierse model predicts the density parameter ₀ to be 1.0 with the cosmological constant ₀ usually taken to be zero, whereas observational estimates give ₀0.2 and ₀10^-57 cm^–2. It was found, however, that the observed variation of angular diameter with redshift for extragalactic radio sources could be interpreted in terms of a low density universe with linear size evolution of the sources for either an inflationary model with 0 or an open model with =0.     

Simultaneous radio and white light observations of the 1984 June 27 coronal mass ejection event

We present the two-dimensional imaging observations of radio bursts in the frequency range 25–50 MHz made with the Clark Lake multifrequency radioheliograph during a coronal mass ejection event (CME) observed on 1984, June 27 by the SMM Coronagraph/Polarimeter and Mauna Loa K-coronameter. The event was spatially and temporally associated with precursors in the form of meter-decameter type III bursts, soft X-ray emission and a H flare spray. The observed type IV emission in association with the CME (and the H spray) could be interpreted as gyrosynchrotron emission from a plasmoid containing a magnetic field of 2.5 G and nonthermal electrons with a number density of 10⁵ cm^–3 and energy 350 keV.On leave from Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Kodaikanal, India.     

Observations of longperiod mass velocity oscillations in the Sun's chromosphere

Observations made by the differential method in the H line have revealed longperiod (on a timescale of 40 to 80 min) line-of-sight velocity oscillations which increase in amplitude with distance from the centre to the solar limb and, as we believe, give rise to prominence oscillations. As a test, we present some results of simultaneous observations at the photospheric level where such periods are absent.Oscillatory processes in the solar chromosphere have been studied by many authors. Previous efforts in this vein led to the detection of shortperiod oscillations in both the mass velocities and radiation intensity (Deubner, 1981). The oscillation periods obtained do not, normally, exceed 10–20 min (Dubov, 1978). More recently, Merkulenko and Mishina (1985), using filter observations in the H line, found intensity fluctuations with periods not exceeding 78 min. However, the observing technique they used does not exclude the possibility that those fluctuations were due to the influence of the Earth's atmosphere. It is also interesting to note that in spectra obtained by Merkulenko and Mishina (1985), the amplitude of the 3 min oscillations is anomalously small and the 5 min period is altogether absent, while the majority of other papers treating the brightness oscillations in the chromosphere, do not report such periods in the first place. So far, we are not aware of any other evidence concerning the longperiod velocity oscillations in the chromosphere on a timescale of 40–80 min.Longperiod oscillations in prominences (filaments) in the range from 40 to 80 min, as found by Bashkirtsev et al. (1983) and Bashkirtsev and Mashnich (1984, 1985), indicate that such oscillations can exist in both the chromosphere and the corona (Hollweg et al., 1982).In this note we report on experimental evidence for the existence of longperiod oscillations of mass velocity in the solar chromosphere.