Uncertainty analysis along the ecological quality status of water bodies: the response of the Posidonia oceanica multivariate index (POMI) in three Mediterranean regions

Uncertainty analyses allow the identification and quantification of the factors that contribute to the potential misclassification of the ecological status of water bodies, helping to improve the sampling design used in monitoring. Here we used a Posidonia oceanica multivariate index (POMI) bio-monitoring dataset covering a total of 81 sites distributed throughout 28 water bodies from the coast of Catalonia, Balearic Islands and Croatia to determine the levels of uncertainty associated with each region and how they change according to the quality status of water bodies. Overall, variability among sites (meadows) within water bodies was the factor that generated the greatest risk of misclassification among the three regions, within which the Balearic Islands had the lowest uncertainty, followed by Croatia and Catalonia. When water bodies classified in good/high quality were separated from those in moderate/poor status classes, we found that the latter displayed higher levels of uncertainty than the former.     

Evaluation of diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGTs) as a monitoring tool for the assessment of the chemical status of transitional waters within the Water Framework Directive

In this contribution, the potential use of diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGTs) for the chemical evaluation of transitional water bodies within the Water Framework Directive (WFD) has been studied. The water metal concentration has been evaluated in 13 estuaries in the southeastern Bay of Biscay. The DGTs were deployed in triplicate at two stations in each estuary, delimiting the tidal influence. The DGT results were in the ranges of 2-1570 ng L(-1) for cadmium, 66-515 ng L(-1) for copper, 30-3650 ng L(-1) for nickel and 0.8-95.5 μg L(-1) for zinc. The DGTs provided reliable average labile metal concentrations in highly dynamic systems that were comparable with DGT measurements in coastal and estuarine waters worldwide. In addition, it was possible to discriminate those estuaries more susceptible to environmental impacts, being consistent with the historical contamination of each estuary. Based on the obtained results, a sampling strategy for the monitoring of transitional water bodies using DGTs is proposed.     

Development of periglacial landforms and soil formation in the Ilgaz Mountains and effect of climate(Western Black Sea Region-Türkiye)

The main aims of the current study are to determine the morphological features of the periglacial landforms(non-sorted step, mud circle, stony earth circle, thufur, and congeliturbation) located on the Ilgaz Mountains, examine the physicochemical and mineralogical properties with pedological processes of the soils, and assess of the effects of climatic conditions controlling the development of landforms. The Ilgaz Mountains(2587 m a.s.l.), located in the Western Black Sea Region, within the Anat...     

重庆老鼓楼衙署遗址四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)研究报告

2012年中国十大考古发现项目、重庆市老鼓楼衙署遗址发掘中(遗址位于29°33'13"N, 106°34'46"E), 通过使用筛选法、水洗法提取小哺乳动物骨骼标本的考古实践, 成功提取到四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)、贵州菊头蝠(Rhinolophus rex )等小哺乳动物骨骼标本。在我国古代城市遗址考古中, 第一次发现了四川短尾鼩骨骼。四川短尾鼩标本的发现和研究, 确认该动物在宋代时期已进入西南地区城市环境中与人类伴栖, 对研究该动物适应人类城市环境、分析古代城市生态特征等具有重要意义。四川短尾鼩生态特征的综合分析工作, 揭示出重庆老鼓楼衙署遗址古气候环境湿热; 衙署庭院里具备有较大水源, 有高大的阔叶树木遮荫, 庭院地表面松软潮湿; 衙署居室内采光偏少(光线较暗), 可能有多种昆虫及软体动物会常进入人类居室活动; 有多种小哺乳动物(如短尾鼩)伴栖于人类居室内、外, 等等。该项研究工作, 还从小哺乳动物骨骼标本提取、骨骼观测与鉴定方法等方面, 为以后在动物考古中开展小哺乳动物研究积累了重要资料。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘泥质岩黏土矿物特征及其地质意义

为研究鄂尔多斯盆地东缘石炭-二叠纪古气候特征及其与成煤作用之间的关系,利用X射线衍射（XRD）及扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对研究区石炭-二叠系泥质岩中的黏土矿物组成及其环境意义进行分析。结果显示,区内泥质岩中黏土矿物主要以高岭石、伊利石/蒙皂石混层矿物为主,次为伊利石和绿泥石。黏土矿物的垂向组合特征表现为：高岭石在桥头剖面、扒楼沟剖面和成家庄剖面山西组,桥头剖面太原组底部、成家庄剖面太原组上部及本溪组中部含量偏高。伊利石在各个剖面的山西组中含量较高,绿泥石仅在山西组中上部、太原组下部含量较高。扫描电镜下黏土矿物晶体形态规则,未见明显磨蚀痕迹,伊利石结晶度为0.42°△2θ~0.63°△2θ,平均值为0.47°△2θ,结晶度较好,混层比相对质量分数平均值25.1%,表现为自生黏土矿物。根据自生黏土矿物的习性指出研究区古气候总体表现为温暖潮湿、间或在太原组早期和山西组中-晚期伴有短周期干冷气候。古气候与沉积环境两者相互印证指示聚煤作用强度的变化过程,是控制研究区内聚煤作用的关键因素。     

二连盆地吉尔嘎朗图凹陷煤层气储层特征及勘探潜力

通过分析二连盆地吉尔嘎朗图凹陷煤层的煤厚分布、煤岩煤质、孔隙、等温吸附等特征,并从生气条件和保存条件方面分析其勘探潜力。结果表明,吉尔嘎朗图凹陷煤层厚度10~394 m,显微煤岩组分以腐植组为主（体积分数为80.5%~96.7%）,为低煤级褐煤;煤层Langmuir体积为3.55~10.88 m³/t,平均7.29 m³/t;煤孔隙结构以微孔和小孔为主,孔隙形态多为开放型的圆筒孔或平板孔,这类孔隙结构对煤层气的吸附能力强,煤层气含量为0.97~3.83 m³/t,平均2.08 m³/t。综合以上分析认为,研究区东南部为下一步煤层气勘探目标区,其优势特征为：煤层离正断层较远,煤层气不易散失;煤层顶板岩性以泥岩和粉砂质泥岩为主,有利于煤层气的保存、次生生物气的补给。     

模式化煤系露头剖面沉积环境分析方法

含煤岩系在富含丰富矿产资源的同时,还是地质历史时期高分辨率古环境、古气候恢复、地层旋回性及其全球成因动力学研究的有利载体。沉积环境分析是了解和认识煤系的重要方法和手段之一。为了促进煤系沉积环境分析程序的规范化和标准化以及分析结果的可靠性,以祁连山石炭纪等煤系为例进行了露头剖面沉积环境分析方法的探讨与研究。结合野外实践和前人研究成果,着重探讨了在野外工作时对沉积环境分析步骤、程序和方法。归纳总结出一套模式化的煤系露头剖面沉积环境分析方法,并将其概括为地质分层与描述-岩相归纳与环境解释-信手岩相剖面图绘制-沉积模式建立-剖面环境演化史总结等5个环节,明确了各环节分析内容和方法,指出地质分层与描述为沉积环境分析基础、岩相归纳和环境解释为核心、信手岩相剖面图绘制是主线、沉积模式建立和剖面沉积演化史总结是重点。     

四极杆电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定动物牙化石中U和Th同位素

四极杆电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry,简称 ICP-QMS)可用于U和Th同位素分析。目前,ICP-QMS能实现精度大约为0.3 % (U)和1 % (Th)的测量分析,可提供误差在1 % ~10 % 的 230 Th/U年代数据。本文用ICP-QMS分析了采自意大利南都Loreto旧石器地点的4颗马牙化石样品,并对已发表的UTEVA树脂提纯U和Th的流程做了进一步改进,使其适用于动物牙化石样品。样品中的U和 Th含量的平均测量精度(2σ)分别为0.3 % 和0.6 %; 234 U/238 U和 230 Th/238 U活度比平均精度(2σ)分别为0.3 % 和0.8 % 。数据表明同一颗牙化石的不同组织的U含量可有数量级差别,同时它们的U-Th同位素活度比也可显著地离散( >2σ),从而导致不一致的 230 Th/U 年代结果。如今测定的各牙组织的U-Th同位素数据可用于模拟U的迁移历史; U-系分析与电子自旋共振测年技术相结合或可更好地估计样品的地质年代。     

高频波形匹配反演震源机制解及其在小震级诱发地震中的应用

本文给出了一种利用稀疏地表台阵记录的高频全波形信息得到近震小震震源机制解的方法。波形反演中,除同时使观测波形与模拟波形之间震相和振幅的匹配度最大外,还利用了P波初动及平均S/P振幅比来更好地约束模拟和观测波形之间的匹配度。本文构建了一个包含四种约束的目标函数,并利用优化的网格搜索法在震源参数(走向、倾角和滑动角)的可能取值范围内搜索。为加快计算速度,预先计算了所有可能的震源位置上各地震矩张量分量对应的格林函数,形成一个格林函数库。另外对滤波和互相关部分进行了优化,以进一步加快网格搜索法。本文用由5个地表台站组成的用于监测油田诱发地震活动的台网对新方法进行了测试。人工实验的结果表明,仅使用3～9Hz频率范围的垂直向地震波分量来确定震源机制解时,新方法具有有效性和稳健性。将新方法应用于确定多个诱发地震事件的震源机制解,显示出观测和模拟地震波形之间较为满意的匹配度,并且大多数地震的走向与区域内NE-SW向的主断层平行。正断型震源机制占主要比例,表明垂直向应力大于水平向应力。